An object-based method for urban land cover classification using airborne Lidar data

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Volumn 7, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 4243-4254

  Chen, Ziyue ^a   Gao, Bingbo ^b  

^a BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION   (China)

Author keywords

Airborne Lidar; Elevation difference; Intensity difference; Object based classification; Urban

Indexed keywords

FORESTRY; OPTICAL RADAR;

AIRBORNE LIDAR; ELEVATION DIFFERENCE; INTENSITY DIFFERENCE; OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATIONS; URBAN;

CLASSIFICATION (OF INFORMATION);

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; AIRBORNE SENSING; ELEVATION; LAND CLASSIFICATION; LAND COVER; LIDAR; PIXEL; URBAN AREA;

CLASSIFICATION; IMAGES; SATELLITES;

CAMBRIDGE; CAMBRIDGESHIRE; ENGLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84920139574     PISSN: 19391404     EISSN: 21511535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2332337     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. C. Alexander, K. Tansey, J. Kaduk, D. Holland, and N. Tate, "Backscatter coefficient as an attribute for the classification of full-waveform airborne laser scanning data in urban areas," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 423-432, 2010.
2. A. S. Antonarakis, K. S. Richards, and J. Brasington, "Object-based land cover classification using airborne LiDAR," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 112, pp. 2988-2998, 2008.
3. P. Axelsson, "Processing of laser scanner data-algorithms and applications," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 54, pp. 138-147, 1999.
4. M. Baatz and A. Schape, "Multiresolution segmentation: An optimization approach for high quality multi-scale image segmentation," in Proc. Angew. Geogr. Informationsverarbeitung XII, Wichmann, Heidelberg, 2000, pp. 12-23.
5. Y. F. Bao et al., "Classification of Lidar point cloud and generation of DTM from Lidar height and intensity data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., Beijing, China, vol. 37, pp. 313-318, part B3b, 2008.
6. M. Bartels and H. Wei, "Threshold-free object and ground point separation in LIDAR data," Pattern Recognit. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1089-1099, 2010.
7. U. C. Benz, P. Hofmann, G. Willhauck, I. Lingenfelder, and M. Heynen, "Multi-resolution, object-oriented fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS-ready information," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 58, pp. 239-258, 2004.
8. T. Blaschke, "Object based image analysis for remote sensing," ISPRS Int. J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 2-16, 2010.
9. T. Blaschke and I. Tomljenović, "LIDARScapes and OBIA," in Proc. ASPRS Annu. Conf., Sacramento, CA, USA, Mar. 19-23, 2012.
10. E. W. Bork and J. G. Su, "Integrating LIDAR data and multispectral imagery for enhanced classification of rangeland vegetation: A meta analysis," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 111, pp. 11-24, 2007.
11. T. Brandtberg, T. Warner, R. Landenberger, and J. McGraw, "Detection and analysis of individual leaf-off tree crowns in small footprint, high sampling density lidar data from the eastern deciduous forest in North America". Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 85, pp. 290-303, 2003.
12. R. Brennan and T. L. Webster, "Object-oriented land cover classification of lidar derived surfaces," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 162-172, 2006.
13. M. M. Breunig, H. P. Kriegel, R. T. Ng, and J. Sander, "LOF: Identifying density-based local outliers," in Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manage. Data, 2000, pp. 93-104.
14. Q. Chen, P. Gong, D. Baldocchi, and G. Xie, "Filtering airborne laser scanning data with morphological methods," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 175-185, 2007.
15. Y. H. Chen, W. Su, J. Li, and Z. P. Sun, "Hierarchical object oriented classification using very high resolution imagery and LIDAR data over urban areas," Adv. Space Res., vol. 43, pp. 1101-1110, 2009.
16. Z. Y. Chen, B. Devereux, B. B. Gao, and G. Amable, "Upward-fusion urban DTM generating method using airborne Lidar data," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 72, pp. 121-130, 2012.
17. B. Csatho, T. Schenk, S. Shin, and S. Seo, "Spectral interpretation based on multisensor fusion for urban mapping," in Proc. 2nd GRSS/ISPRS Joint Workshop Data Fusion Remote Sens. Over Urban Areas, Berlin, Germany, May 2003, pp. 8-11.
18. M. Dalponte, L. Bruzzone, and D. Gianelle, "Fusion of hyperspectral and LIDAR remote sensing data for classification of complex forest areas," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1416-1427, May 2008.
19. D. N. M. Donoghue, P. J. Watt, N. J. Cox, and J. Wilson, "Remote sensing of species mixtures in conifer plantations using LIDAR height and intensity data," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 509-522, 2007.
20. P. F. Fisher and N. J. Tate, "Causes and consequences of error in digital elevation models," Prog. Phys. Geogr., vol. 30, pp. 467-489, 2006.
21. M. Flood, "LIDAR activities and research priorities in the commercial sector," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 34, part 3/W4, pp. 3-7, 2001.
22. J. Hyyppä et al., "Algorithms and methods of airborne laser-scanning for forest measurements," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 36, part 8/W2, pp. 82-89, 2004.
23. R. A. Hill and A. G. Thomson, "Mapping woodland species composition and structure using airborne spectral and LiDAR data," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 26, pp. 3763-3779, 2005.
24. B. Höfle and M. Hollaus, "Urban vegetation detection using high density full-waveform airborne LiDAR data-combination of object-based image and point cloud analysis," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 38, Part 7B, pp. 281-286, 2010.
25. B. Höfle, M. Vetter, N. Pfeifer, G. Mandlburger, and J. Stötter, "Water surface mapping from airborne laser scanning using signal amplitude and elevation data," Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1635-1649, 2009.
26. J. Holmgren and A˚. Persson, "Identifying species of individual trees using airborne laser scanning," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 90, pp. 415-423, 2003.
27. L. M. Jensen, "Classification of urban land cover based on expert systems, object models and texture," Comput. Environ. Urban Syst., vol. 21, no. 3-4, pp. 291-302, 1997.
28. K. Johansen, L. A. Arroyo, J. Armston, S. Phinn, and C. Witte, "Mapping riparian condition indicators in a sub-tropical savanna environment from discrete return Lidar data using object-based image analysis," Ecol. Indic., vol. 10, pp. 796-807, 2010.
29. H. Kaartinen et al., "An international comparison of individual tree detection and extraction using airborne laser scanning," Remote Sens., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 950-974, 2012.
30. A. Kato et al., "Capturing tree crown formation through implicit surface reconstruction using airborne Lidar data," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 113, pp. 1148-1162, 2009.
31. Y. H. Ke, L. J. Quackenbush, and J. Im, "Synergistic use of QuickBird multispectral imagery and LIDAR data for object-based forest species classification," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 1141-1154, 2010.
32. A. Kobler et al., "Repetitive interpolation: A robust algorithm for DTM generation from aerial laser scanner data in forested terrain," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 9-23, 2007.
33. K. Kraus and N. Pfeifer, "Advanced DTM generation from LIDAR data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 34, part. 3/W4, pp. 3-30, 2001.
34. A. C. Lee and R. M. Lucas, "A LiDAR-derived canopy density model for tree stem and crown mapping in Australian forests," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 111, pp. 493-518, 2007.
35. P. Lohmann, A. Koch, and M. Schaeffer, "Approaches to the filtering of laser scanner data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 33, part B3, pp. 540-547, 2000.
36. D. S. Lu and Q. H. Weng, "Use of impervious surface in urban land-use classification," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 102, no. 1-2, pp. 146-160, 2006.
37. C. Mallet and F. Bretar, "Full-waveform topographic Lidar: State-of-the-art," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 64, pp. 1-16, 2009.
38. C. Mallet, F. Bretar, M. Roux, U. Soergel, and C. Heipke, "Relevance assessment of full-waveform lidar data for urban area classification," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 66, pp. 571-584, 2011.
39. C. Mallet, F. Bretar, and U. Soergel, "Analysis of full-waveform Lidar data for classification of urban areas," Photogramm. Fernerkundung Geoinf., vol. 5, pp. 337-349, 2008.
40. X. L. Meng, N. Currit, and L. Wang, "Morphology-based building detection from airborne LiDA data," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 437-442, 2009.
41. G. Miliaresis and N. Kokkas, "Segmentation and object-based classification for the extraction of the building class from LIDAR DEMs," Comput. Geosci., vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1076-1087, 2007.
42. T. Moffiet, K. Mengersen, C. Witte, R. King, and R. Denham, "Airborne laser scanning: Exploratory data analysis indicates potential variables for classification of individual trees or forest stands according to species," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 59, pp. 289-309, 2005.
43. S. W. Myint, P. Gober, A. Brazel, S. G. Clarke, and Q. H. Weng, "Per-pixel vs. object-based classification of urban land cover extraction using high spatial resolution imagery," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 1145-1161, 2011.
44. C. Nardinocchi, G. Forlani, and P. Zingaretti, "Classification and filtering of laser data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 34, part 3/W13, pp. 79-86, 2003.
45. H. O. Ørka, E. Næsset, and O. M. Bollandsa˚s, "Utilizing airborne laser intensity for tree species classification," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 36, part 3/W52, pp. 300-304, 2007.
46. A˚. Persson, J. Holmgren, and U. Söderman, "Detecting and measuring individual trees using an airborne laser scanner," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 68, pp. 925-932, 2002.
47. J. Peuhkurinen, M. Maltamo, J. Malinen, J. Pitkänen, and P. Packalén, "Preharvest measurement of marked stands using airborne laser scanning," Forest Sci., vol. 53, pp. 653-661, 2007.
48. M. Roggero, "Dense DTM from laser scanner data," in Proc. OEPEE Workshop Airborne Laser Scanning Interferometric SAR, Stockholm, Sweden, 2001.
49. F. Rottensteiner, J. Trinder, S. Clode, and K. Kubik, "Using the Dempster-Shafer method for the fusion of LIDAR data and multi-spectral images for building detection," Inf. Fusion, vol. 6, pp. 283-300, 2005.
50. M. Rutzinger, B. Hofle, M. Hollaus, and N. Pfeifer, "Object-based point cloud analysis of full-waveform airborne laser scanning data for urban vegetation classification," Sensors, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 4505-4528, 2008.
51. J. Schiewe, "Segmentation of high-resolution remotely sensed data concepts, applications and problems," in Proc. Symp. Geospat. Theory Process. Appl., 2002.
52. J. L. Silvan-Cardenas and L. Wang, "A multi-resolution approach for filtering Lidar altimetry data," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 11-22, 2006.
53. G. Sithole and G. Vosselman, "Filtering of airborne laser scanner data based on segmented point clouds," Laser Scanning 2005, 2005, 66-71.
54. J. H. Song, S. H. Han, K. Yu, and Y. I. Kim, "Assessing the possibility of land-cover classification using LIDAR intensity data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 34, part 3B, pp. 259-262, 2002.
55. S. Syed, P. Dare, and S. Jones. (2005). "Automatic classification of land cover features with high resolution imagery and LIDAR data: An object-oriented approach" [Online]. Available: http://www.ecognition.com/sites/default/files/266 0185.pdf
56. T. A. Teo and L. C. Chen, "Object-based building detection from LiDAR data and high resolution satellite imagery," in Proc. Asian Conf. Remote Sens., Ching-Mai, Thailand, Nov. 22-26, 2004, pp. 1614-1619.
57. D. Tiede, C. Hoffmann, and G. Willhauck, "Fully integrated workflow for combining object-based image analysis and LiDAR point cloud metrics for feature extraction and classification improvement," in Proc. ILMF Int. LiDAR Mapping Forum, Denver, CO, USA, 2012, p. 6.
58. A. Vain and S. Kaasalainen, "Correcting airborne laser scanning intensity data," in Laser Scanning, Theory and Applications, C.-C. Wang, Ed. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2011. ISBN: 978-953-307-205-0.
59. M. Vastaranta et al., "Combination of individual tree detection and area-based approach in imputation of forest variables using airborne laser data," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 67, pp. 73-79, 2012.
60. G. Vosselman, "Slope based filtering of laser altimetry data," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 33, part B3/2, pp. 935-942, 2000.
61. T. T. Vu, M. Tokunaga, and F. Yamazaki, "LiDAR signatures to update Japanese building inventory database," in Proc. 25th Asian Conf. Remote Sens., Chiang Mai, Thailand, Nov. 22-26, 2004, pp. 624-629.
62. B. L. Yu, H. X. Liu, J. P. Wu, Y. J. Hu, and L. Zhang, "Automated derivation of urban building density information using airborne Lidar data and object-based method," Landscape Urban Plann., vol. 98, pp. 210-219, 2010.
63. X. Yu, J. Hyyppä, M. Vastaranta, M. Holopainen, and R. Viitala, "Predicting individual tree attributes from airborne laser point clouds based on random forests technique," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 66, pp. 28-37, 2011.
64. J. Zhang and G. M. Foody, "A fuzzy classification of sub-urban land cover from remotely sensed imagery," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 19, no. 14, pp. 2721-2738, 1998.
65. W. Q. Zhou, A. Troy, and M. Grove, "Object-based land cover classification and change analysis in the baltimore metropolitan area using multitemporal high resolution remote sensing data," Sensors, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1613-1636, 2008.
66. Z. Zhu, C. E. Woodcock, J. Rogan, and J. Kellndorfer, "Assessment of spectral, polarimetric, temporal, and spatial dimensions for urban and peri-urban land cover classification using Landsat and SAR data," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 117, pp. 72-82, 2012.