Some implications of an event-based definition of exposure to the risk of road accident

Accident Analysis and Prevention

Volumn 76, Issue , 2015, Pages 15-24

  Elvik, Rune ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS   (Norway)

^b AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Event; Exposure; Learning; Probability; Risk

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENTS; MOTOR TRANSPORTATION; PROBABILITY; ROADS AND STREETS; VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS;

EVENT; EVENT-BASED; EXPOSURE; IN-VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY; LEARNING; OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS; PROBABILITY THEORY; SPACE AND TIME;

RISKS;

ADVERSE EFFECTS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; HUMAN; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ENVIRONMENT DESIGN; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY;

EID: 84920136385     PISSN: 00014575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.011     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. F.J. Alvarez, and I. Fierro Older drivers medical condition, medical impairment and crash risk Accid. Anal. Prev. 40 2008 55 60
2. M.J. Anzanello, and F.S. Fogliatto Learning curve models and applications: literature review and research directions Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 41 2011 573 583
3. T. Bjørnskau, and F. Sagberg What do novice drivers learn during the first months of driving? Improved handling skills or improved road user interaction? Underwood G, Traffic and Transport Psychology 2005 Elsevier Oxford 129 140
4. R.J. Brown A method for determining the accident potential of an intersection Traffic Eng. Control 22 1981 646 651
5. R. Chapman The concept of exposure Accid. Anal. Prev. 5 1973 95 110
6. R.B. Duffey, and J.W. Saull Know the Risk. Learning from Errors and Accidents: Safety and Risk in Today's Technology 2003 Butterworth-Heinemann Burlington, MA
7. D. Eisenberg The mixed effect of precipitation on traffic crashes Accid. Anal. Prev. 36 2004 637 647
8. R. Elvik, A. Erke, and P. Christensen Elementary units of exposure Transport. Res. Rec. 2103 2009 25 31
9. R. Elvik Laws of accident causation Accid. Anal. Prev. 38 2006 742 747
10. R. Elvik Exploratory study of mechanisms by which exposure influences accident occurrence Transport. Res. Rec. 2010 76 82
11. R. Elvik Why some road safety problems are more difficult to solve than others Accid. Anal. Prev. 42 2010 1089 1096
12. Elvik, R., 2013. The Feasibility of Formal Synthesis of Coefficients Estimated in Multivariate Accident Prediction Models: An Exploratory Study. Paper Presented at TRB Annual Meeting. Washington D.C.
13. Elvik, R., 2014. Towards a General Theory of the Relationship Between Exposure and Risk. Report 1316. Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo.
14. J. Ferreira, and E. Minikel Measuring per mile risk for pay-as-you-drive automobile insurance Transport. Res. Rec. 2297 2012 97 103
15. H. Fontaine Âge des conducteurs de voiture et accidents de la route. Quel risque pour les seniors? Recherche Transports Sécurité 79 2003 107 120
16. R. Fuller Behavior analysis and unsafe driving: warning-learning trap ahead! J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 24 1991 373 375
17. L. Hakamies-Blomqvist, T. Raitanen, and D. O'Neill Driver ageing does not cause higher accident rates per km Transport. Res. F 5 2002 271 274
18. E. Hauer, J.C.N. Ng, and J. Lovell Estimation of safety at signalized intersections Transport. Res. Rec. 1988 48 61
19. E. Hauer Traffic conflicts and exposure Accid. Anal. Prev. 14 1982 359 364
20. E. Hauer On exposure and accident rate Traffic Eng. Control 36 1995 134 138
21. R.W. Howard Learning curves in highly skilled chess players: a test of the generality of the power law of practice Acta Psychol. 151 2014 16 23
22. Johannessen, S., Heir, J., 1974. Trafikksikkerhet i vegkryss. En analyse av ulykkesforholdene i 187 vegkryss i perioden 1968-72. Oppdragsrapport 4. Trondheim, Forskningsgruppen, Institutt for samferdselsteknikk Norges Tekniske Høgskole.
23. J. Langford, R. Methorst, and L. Hakamies-Blomqvist Older drivers do not have a high crash risk - a replication of low mileage bias Accid. Anal. Prev. 38 2006 574 578
24. S. Lassarre, E. Papadimitriou, G. Yannis, and J. Golias Measuring accident risk exposure for pedestrians in different micro-environments Accid. Anal. Prev. 39 2007 1226 1238
25. A. Laureshyn, Å. Svensson, and C. Hydén Evaluation of traffic safety, based on micro-level behavioural data: theoretical framework and first implementation Accid. Anal. Prev. 42 2010 1637 1646
26. F.L. Mannering Male/female driver characteristics and accident risk: some new evidence Accid. Anal. Prev. 25 1993 77 84
27. A. Mensah, and E. Hauer Two problems of averaging arising in the estimation of the relationship between accidents and traffic flow Transport. Res. Rec. 1635 1998 37 43
28. L.F. Miranda-Moreno, J. Strauss, and P. Morency Disaggregate exposure measures and injury frequency models of cyclist safety at signalized intersections Transport. Res. Rec. 2236 2011 74 82
29. A. Morgan, and F.L. Mannering The effects of road-surface conditions age and gender on driver-injury severities Accid. Anal. Prev. 43 2011 1852 1863
30. Niska, A., 2006. Tema Vintermodell. Olycksrisker ach konsekvenser för olika olyckstyper på is- och snöväglag. VTI-rapport 556. Linköping Väg-och Transportforskningsinstitutet.
31. C. Oh, S. Park, and S.G. Ritchie A method for identifying rear-end collision risks using inductive lop detectors Accid. Anal. Prev. 38 2006 295 301
32. S. Ohlsson Learning from performance errors Psychol. Rev. 103 1996 241 262
33. J. Paefgen, T. Staake, and E. Fleisch Multivariate exposure modelling of accident risk: insights from pay-as-you-drive insurance data Transport. Res. A 61 2014 27 40
34. E. Papadimitriou, G. Yannis, and J. Golias Analysis of pedestrian exposure to risk in relation to crossing behaviour Transport. Res. Rec. 2299 2012 79 90
35. B.N. Persaud, and K. Mucsi Microscopic accident potential models for two-lane rural roads Transport. Res. Rec. 1485 1995 134 139
36. X. Qin, J.N. Ivan, and N. Ravishanker Selecting exposure measures in crash rate prediction for two-lane highway segments Accid. Anal. Prev. 36 2004 183 191
37. J. Reason Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents 1997 Ashgate Publishing Aldershot
38. A. Risk, and J.E. Shaoul Exposure to risk and the risk of exposure Accid. Anal. Prev. 14 1982 353 357
39. F.E. Ritter, and L.J. Schooler The learning curve International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 2001 Elsevier Amsterdam 8602 8605
40. Sagberg, F., 1988. Month-by-month changes in accident risk among novice drivers. Paper presented at the 24th International Congress of Applied Psychology, August 9-14. San Francisco.
41. F. Sagberg, and T. Bjørnskau Hazard perception and driving experience among novice drivers Accid. Anal. Prev. 38 2006 407 414
42. A. Theofilatos, and G. Yannis A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety Accid. Anal. Prev. 72 2014 244 256
43. A.C. Wolfe The concept of exposure to the risk of a road traffic accident and an overview of exposure data collection methods Accid. Anal. Prev. 14 1982 337 340
44. C. Zhang, J.N. Ivan, and N. Ravishanker Vehicle time spent in following: New exposure measure for predicting same-direction collisions on two-lane rural roads Transport. Res. Rec. 2083 2008 162 169