Color-Tunable Mirrors Based on Electrically Regulated Bandwidth Broadening in Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

ACS Photonics

Volumn 1, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1033-1041

  Lee, Kyung Min ^a,b   Tondiglia, Vincent P ^a,c   McConney, Michael E ^a   Natarajan, Lalgudi V ^a,c   Bunning, Timothy J ^a   White, Timothy J ^a  

^a AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Azimuth Corporation   (United States)

^c FREDERICK NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BANDWIDTH; CHIRALITY; COLOR; CROSSLINKING; LIQUID CRYSTALS; LIQUIDS; MIRRORS; NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; NETWORK ARCHITECTURE; OPTICAL KERR EFFECT; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; THRESHOLD VOLTAGE; VISCOELASTICITY;

BANDWIDTH BROADENING; CIRCULARLY POLARIZED; CRYSTAL REORIENTATION; ELECTROMECHANICAL DISPLACEMENTS; POLYMER-STABILIZED CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; STRUCTURAL CHIRALITY; SWITCHING TIME; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES;

CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS;

EID: 84920126404     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23304022     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ph500259h     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Kitzerow, H.-S.; Bahr, C. Chirality in Liquid Crystals; Springer-Verlag: New York, 2001.
2. Wu, S.-T.; Yang, D.-K. Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays; Wiley: West Sussex, UK, 2001.
3. Broer, D. J.; Lub, J.; Mol, G. N. Wide-band reflective polarizers from cholesteric polymer networks with a pitch gradient Nature 1995, 378, 467 - 469
4. Hikmet, R. A. M.; Kemperman, H. Electrically switchable mirrors and optical components made from liquid-crystal gels Nature 1998, 392, 476 - 479
5. Mitov, M. Cholesteric liquid crystals with a broad light reflection band Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 6260 - 6276
6. Broer, D. J. Deformed chiral-nematic networks obtained by polarized excitation of a dichroic photoinitiator Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002, 6, 553 - 561
7. Broer, D. J.; Lub, J.; Mol, G. N. Photo-controlled diffusion in reacting liquid crystals: a new tool for the creation of complex molecular architectures Macromol. Symp. 1997, 117, 33 - 42
8. Broer, D. J.; Mol, G. N.; Haaren, J. A. M. M. v.; Lub, J. Photo-induced diffusion in polymerizing chiral-nematic media Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 573 - 578
9. Lub, J.; Broer, D. J.; van de Witte, P. Colourful photo-curable coatings for application in the electro-optical industry Prog. Org. Coat. 2002, 45, 211 - 217
10. Lub, J.; Broer, D. J.; Wegh, R. T.; Peeters, E.; I van der Zande, B. M. Formation of optical films by photo-polymerisation of liquid crystalline acrylates and application of these films in liquid crystal display technology Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2005, 429, 77 - 99
11. Guillard, H.; Sixou, P. Active broadband polymer stabilized liquid crystals Liq. Cryst. 2001, 28, 933 - 944
12. Guillard, H.; Sixou, P.; Reboul, L.; Perichaud, A. Electrooptical characterizations of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals Polymer 2001, 42, 9753 - 9762
13. Kralik, J. C.; Fan, B.; Vithana, H.; Li, L.; Faris, S. M. Backlight output enhancement using cholesteric liquid crystal films Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 301, 249 - 254
14. Li, J.-F.; Fan, B.; Li, L. Single layer reflective polarizers with electrically controlled spectrum SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 1999, 30, 1066 - 1069
15. Sixou, P.; Gautier, C. A hybrid-aligned polymer network liquid crystal: optical and electro-optical properties Liq. Cryst. 2002, 29, 467 - 473
16. Sixou, P.; Gautier, C. Passive broadband reflector using photocrosslinkable liquid crystal molecules Polym. Adv. Technol. 2002, 13, 329 - 338
17. Katsis, D.; Kim, D. U.; Chen, H. P.; Rothberg, L. J.; Chen, S. H.; Tsutsui, T. Circularly polarized photoluminescence from gradient-pitch chiral-nematic films Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 643 - 647
18. Relaix, S.; Bourgerette, C.; Mitov, M. Broadband reflective liquid crystalline gels due to the ultraviolet light screening made by the liquid crystal Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 251907/1 - 251907/3
19. Relaix, S.; Bourgerette, C.; Mitov, M. Broadband reflective cholesteric liquid crystalline gels: volume distribution of reflection properties and polymer network in relation with the geometry of the cell photopolymerization Liq. Cryst. 2007, 34, 1009 - 1018
20. Haas, W.; Adams, J.; Wysocki, J. Interaction between UV radiation and cholesteric liquid crystals Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1969, 7, 371 - 379
21. Soref, R. A. Thermo-optic effects in nematic-cholesteric mixtures J. Appl. Phys. 1970, 41, 3022 - 3026
22. White, T. J.; McConney, M. E.; Bunning, T. J. Dynamic color in stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 9832 - 9847
23. Lu, S.-Y.; Chien, L.-C. A polymer-stabilized single-layer color cholesteric liquid crystal display with anisotropic reflection Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 131119/1 - 131119/3
24. Bailey, C. A.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Duning, M. M.; Bricker, R. L.; Sutherland, R. L.; White, T. J.; Durstock, M. F.; Bunning, T. J. Electromechanical tuning of cholesteric liquid crystals J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 107, 013105/1 - 013105/8
25. White, T. J.; Bricker, R. L.; Natarajan, L. V.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Bailey, C.; Green, L.; Li, Q.; Bunning, T. J. Electromechanical and light tunable cholesteric liquid crystals Opt. Commun. 2010, 283, 3434 - 3436
26. Heikenfeld, J.; Drzaic, P.; Yeo, J. S.; Koch, T. Review Paper: A critical review of the present and future prospects for electronic paper J. Soc. Inf. Display 2011, 19, 129 - 156
27. Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Bailey, C. A.; Duning, M. M.; Sutherland, R. L.; Yang, D.-K.; Voevodin, A.; White, T. J.; Bunning, T. J. Electrically induced bandwidth broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 053109/1 - 053109/8
28. Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Bailey, C. A.; McConney, M. E.; Lee, K. M.; Bunning, T. J.; Zola, R.; Nemati, H.; Yang, D.-K.; White, T. J. Bandwidth broadening induced by ionic interactions in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals Opt. Mater. Exp. 2014, 4, 1465 - 1472
29. Ren, H.; Wu, S.-T. Reflective reversed-mode polymer stabilized cholesteric texture light switches J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 797 - 800
30. Liang, X.; Lu, Y.-Q.; Wu, Y.-H.; Du, F.; Wang, H.-Y.; Wu, S.-T. Dual-frequency addressed variable optical attenuator with submillisecond response time Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 2005, 44, 1292 - 1295
31. Yang, D. K.; Chien, L. C.; Doane, J. W. Cholesteric liquid crystal/polymer dispersion for haze-free light shutters Appl. Phys. Lett. 1992, 60, 3102 - 3104
32. Yang, D. K.; West, J. L.; Chien, L. C.; Doane, J. W. Control of reflectivity and bistability in displays using cholesteric liquid crystals J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 76, 1331 - 1333
33. Xu, M.; Yang, D.-K. Dual frequency cholesteric light shutters Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 70, 720 - 722
34. Gerber, P. R. Two-frequency addressing of a cholesteric texture change electrooptical effect Appl. Phys. Lett. 1984, 44, 932 - 934
35. Chien, L.-C.; Doi, T. Method of making optical compensation film using polymer stabilization technique. U.S. Patent 7,090,901, August 18, 2004.
36. Choi, S. S.; Morris, S. M.; Huck, W. T. S.; Coles, H. J. The switching properties of chiral nematic liquid crystals using electrically commanded surfaces Soft Matter 2009, 5, 354 - 362
37. Lu, L.; Sergan, V.; Bos, P. J. Mechanism of electric-field-induced segregation of additives in a liquid-crystal host Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 2012, 86, 051706/1 - 051706/5
38. Lee, W.; Wang, C.-T.; Lin, C.-H. Recovery of the electrically resistive properties of a degraded liquid crystal Display 2010, 31, 160 - 163
39. Gosse, B.; Gosse, J. P. Degradation of liquid crystal devices under d.c. excitation and their electrochemistry J. Appl. Electrochem. 1976, 6, 515 - 519
40. Wen, C.-H.; Gauza, S.; Wu, S. T.; Wen, C.-H.; Gauza, S.; Wu, S. T. Liq. Cryst. 2004, 31, 1479 - 1485
41. Lin, P.-T.; Wu, S. T.; Chang, C.-Y.; Hsu, C.-S. UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2004, 411, 243 - 253
42. Naemura, S.; Nakazono, Y.; Nishikawa, K.; Sawada, A.; Kirsch, P.; Bremer, M.; Tarumi, K. Structure of ions in liquid-crystalline materials Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1998, 508, 235 - 240
43. Neyts, K.; Vermael, S.; Desimpel, C.; Stojmenovik, G.; Verschueren, A. R. M.; de Boer, D. K. G.; de Boer, D. K. G.; Snijkers, R.; Machiels, P.; van Brandenburg, A. Lateral ion transport in nematic liquid-crystal devices J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 94, 3891 - 3896
44. Sawada, A. Internal electric fields of electrolytic solutions induced by space-charge polarization J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100, 074103/1 - 074103/10
45. Son, J.-H.; Park, S. B.; Zin, W.-C.; Song, J.-K. Ionic impurity control by a photopolymerisation process of reactive mesogen Liq. Cryst. 2013, 40, 458 - 467
46. The increase in bandwidth from 80 nm to 100 nm is due to slight mismatch in the center position of the reflection notches of the RH and LH PSCLC samples.
47. McConney, M. E.; White, T. J.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Yang, D.-K.; Bunning, T. J. Dynamic high contrast reflective coloration from responsive polymer/cholesteric liquid crystal architectures Soft Matter 2011, 8, 318 - 323
48. McConney, M. E.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Hurtubise, J. M.; White, T. J.; Bunning, T. J. Photoinduced hyper-reflective cholesteric liquid crystals enabled via surface initiated photopolymerization Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 505 - 507
49. McConney, M. E.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Hurtubise, J. M.; Natarajan, L. V.; White, T. J.; Bunning, T. J. Thermally induced, multicolored hyper-reflective cholesteric liquid crystals Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1453 - 1457
50. Castles, F.; Day, F. V.; Morris, S. M.; Ko, D. H.; Gardiner, D. J.; Qasim, M. M.; Nosheen, S.; Hands, P. J. W.; Choi, S. S.; Friend, R. H.; Coles, H. J. Blue-phase templated fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructures for photonic applications Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 599 - 603
51. Pindak, R. S.; Huang, C.-C.; Ho, J. T. Divergence of cholesteric pitch near a smectic A transition Phys. Rev. Lett. 1974, 32, 43 - 46
52. Lim, K.-C.; Ho, J. T. Cholesteric pitch near the smectic-C phase Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1981, 67, 199 - 204
53. Ania, F.; Stegemeyer, H. Cholesteric pitch behavior at the phase transition cholesteric to smectic B Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Lett. Sect. 1985, 2, 67 - 76
54. Zhang, F.; Yang, D. K. Temperature dependence of pitch and twist elastic constant in a cholesteric to smectic A phase transition Liq. Cryst. 2002, 29, 1497 - 1501
55. Natarajan, L. V.; Wofford, J. M.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Sutherland, R. L.; Koerner, H.; Vaia, R. A.; Bunning, T. J. Electro-thermal tuning in a negative dielectric cholesteric liquid crystal material J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 093107/1 - 093107/6
56. -10, Table S1 in the Supporting Information), confirming that the observed differences in the electro-optic response are due to the viscoelastic properties of the network.
57. Broer, D. J.; Crawford, G. P.; Zumer, S. Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Systems: From Rigid Polymer Networks To Elastomers; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2011.
58. Broer, D. J.; Heynderickx, I. Three-dimensionally ordered polymer networks with a helicoidal structure Macromolecules 1990, 23, 2474 - 2477
59. Hikmet, R. A. M.; Broer, D. J. Dynamic mechanical properties of anisotropic networks formed by liquid crystalline acrylates Polymer 1991, 32, 1627 - 1632
60. Chang, C.-C.; Chien, L.-C.; Meyer, R. B. Piezoelectric effects in cholesteric elastomer gels Phys. Rev. E 1997, 55, 534 - 537
61. Hu, W.; Zhao, H.; Song, L.; Yang, Z.; Cao, H.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, Q.; Yang, H. Electrically controllable selective reflection of chiral nematic liquid crystal/chiral ionic liquid composites Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 468 - 472
62. Meier, W.; Finkelmann, H. Piezoelectricity of cholesteric elastomers. 1. Influence of the helicoidal pitch on the piezoelectric coefficient Macromolecules 1993, 26, 1811 - 1817
63. Patel, J. S.; Meyer, R. B. Flexoelectric electro-optics of a cholesteric liquid crystal Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 58, 1538 - 1540