메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 306-314

Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Major Markers of Cardiovascular Risk: Their Independent and Interwoven Importance to Health Status

Author keywords

Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cardiovascular risk; Diabetes; Obesity; Physical activity

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ARTICLE; BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; HEALTH STATUS; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIPID STORAGE; METABOLIC EQUIVALENT; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL INACTIVITY; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ANTHROPOMETRY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; FITNESS; LIFESTYLE; METABOLISM; MOTOR ACTIVITY; OBESITY, ABDOMINAL; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 84920120660     PISSN: 00330620     EISSN: 18731740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (502)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0142043021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary perspective on human physical activity: implications for health
    • Eaton S.B., Eaton S.B. An evolutionary perspective on human physical activity: implications for health. Comp Biochem Physiol A 2003, 136:153-159.
    • (2003) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.136 , pp. 153-159
    • Eaton, S.B.1    Eaton, S.B.2
  • 2
    • 79955526231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and the prevention of cardiovascular disease: from evolution to epidemiology
    • Archer E., Blair S. Physical activity and the prevention of cardiovascular disease: from evolution to epidemiology. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2011, 53:387-396.
    • (2011) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.53 , pp. 387-396
    • Archer, E.1    Blair, S.2
  • 3
    • 79955542418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise like a hunter-gatherer: a prescription for organic physical fitness
    • O'Keefe J.H., Vogel R., Lavie C.J., Cordain L. Exercise like a hunter-gatherer: a prescription for organic physical fitness. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2011, 53:471-479.
    • (2011) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.53 , pp. 471-479
    • O'Keefe, J.H.1    Vogel, R.2    Lavie, C.J.3    Cordain, L.4
  • 4
    • 84864011135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe
    • [Epub 2012 Jun 14]
    • Ng S.W., Popkin B.M. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev 2012, 13(8):659-680. [Epub 2012 Jun 14]. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00982.x.
    • (2012) Obes Rev , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 659-680
    • Ng, S.W.1    Popkin, B.M.2
  • 5
    • 0024368233 scopus 로고
    • The tradition of "the six things non-natural": exercise and medicine from Hippocrates through ante-bellum America
    • Berryman J.W. The tradition of "the six things non-natural": exercise and medicine from Hippocrates through ante-bellum America. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1989, 17:515-559.
    • (1989) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.17 , pp. 515-559
    • Berryman, J.W.1
  • 6
    • 41849135469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bernardino Ramazzini: the father of occupational medicine
    • Franco G. Bernardino Ramazzini: the father of occupational medicine. Am J Public Health 2001, 91(9):1382.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.9 , pp. 1382
    • Franco, G.1
  • 10
    • 0035163533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celebration Jerry Morris
    • Berridge V. Celebration Jerry Morris. Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30:1141-1145.
    • (2001) Int J Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 1141-1145
    • Berridge, V.1
  • 12
    • 0014944944 scopus 로고
    • Work activity of longshoremen as related to death from coronary heart disease and stroke
    • Paffenbarger R.S., Laughlin M.E., Gima A.S., et al. Work activity of longshoremen as related to death from coronary heart disease and stroke. N Engl J Med 1970, 282:1109-1114.
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.282 , pp. 1109-1114
    • Paffenbarger, R.S.1    Laughlin, M.E.2    Gima, A.S.3
  • 13
    • 0016756674 scopus 로고
    • Work activity and coronary heart mortality
    • Paffenbarger R.S., Hale W.E. Work activity and coronary heart mortality. N Engl J Med 1975, 292:545-550.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 545-550
    • Paffenbarger, R.S.1    Hale, W.E.2
  • 14
    • 0018227365 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni
    • Paffenbarger R.S., Wing A.L., Hyde R.T. Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1978, 108:161-175.
    • (1978) Am J Epidemiol , vol.108 , pp. 161-175
    • Paffenbarger, R.S.1    Wing, A.L.2    Hyde, R.T.3
  • 15
    • 0022589439 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni
    • Paffenbarger R.S., Hyde R.T., Wing A.L., et al. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. N Engl J Med 1986, 314:605-613.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 605-613
    • Paffenbarger, R.S.1    Hyde, R.T.2    Wing, A.L.3
  • 17
    • 84874886522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
    • American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 2013, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 9th ed.
    • (2013) Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription
  • 18
    • 78049510856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and physical activity: clinical outcomes and applications
    • Kokkinos P., Myers J. Exercise and physical activity: clinical outcomes and applications. Circulation 2010, 122:1637-1648.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 1637-1648
    • Kokkinos, P.1    Myers, J.2
  • 19
    • 77955953923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and cardiovascular health. Lessons learned from epidemiological studies across age, gender, and race/ethnicity
    • Shiroma E.J., Lee I.M. Physical activity and cardiovascular health. Lessons learned from epidemiological studies across age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Circulation 2010, 122:743-752.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 743-752
    • Shiroma, E.J.1    Lee, I.M.2
  • 20
    • 0032088943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults
    • American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998, 30:975-991.
    • (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.30 , pp. 975-991
  • 21
    • 0035797845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association
    • Fletcher G.F., Balady G., Amsterdam E.A., et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2001, 104:1694-1740.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1694-1740
    • Fletcher, G.F.1    Balady, G.2    Amsterdam, E.A.3
  • 22
    • 0028814439 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine
    • Pate R.R., Pratt M.P., Blair S.N., et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA 1995, 273:402-407.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 402-407
    • Pate, R.R.1    Pratt, M.P.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 23
    • 0345763220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity for primary and secondary prevention. Position paper of the working group on cardiac rehabilitation and exercise physiology of the European society of cardiology
    • Giannuzzi P., Mezzani A., Saner H., et al. Physical activity for primary and secondary prevention. Position paper of the working group on cardiac rehabilitation and exercise physiology of the European society of cardiology. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2003, 10:319-327.
    • (2003) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.10 , pp. 319-327
    • Giannuzzi, P.1    Mezzani, A.2    Saner, H.3
  • 24
    • 84861180842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, U.S.
    • U.S.Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General: physical activity and health: a report of the surgeon general 1996, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, U.S.
    • (1996) Office of the Surgeon General: physical activity and health: a report of the surgeon general
  • 25
    • 84880223018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Accessed 7/1/2014]
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Facts about physical activity [Accessed 7/1/2014]. http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/facts.html.
    • Facts about physical activity
  • 28
    • 79957477218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity
    • Church T.S., Thomas D.M., Tudor-Locke C., et al. Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLos One 2011, 6(5):e19657.
    • (2011) PLos One , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. e19657
    • Church, T.S.1    Thomas, D.M.2    Tudor-Locke, C.3
  • 29
    • 60549086314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the health benefits and economics of physical activity
    • Myers J. On the health benefits and economics of physical activity. Curr Sports Med Rep 2008, 7:314-316.
    • (2008) Curr Sports Med Rep , vol.7 , pp. 314-316
    • Myers, J.1
  • 30
    • 84880160276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation
    • Martin B.J., Arena R., Haykowsky M., et al. APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc 2013, 88(5):455-463. 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , Issue.5 , pp. 455-463
    • Martin, B.J.1    Arena, R.2    Haykowsky, M.3
  • 31
    • 61449143815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise is medicine and physicians need to prescribe it!
    • Sallis R.E. Exercise is medicine and physicians need to prescribe it!. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43:3-4.
    • (2009) Br J Sports Med , vol.43 , pp. 3-4
    • Sallis, R.E.1
  • 32
    • 85027941269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific exercise capacity threshold for mortality risk assessment in male veterans
    • Kokkinos P., Faselis C., Myers J., Sui X., Zhang J., Blair S.N. Age-specific exercise capacity threshold for mortality risk assessment in male veterans. Circulation 2014, 130:653-658.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.130 , pp. 653-658
    • Kokkinos, P.1    Faselis, C.2    Myers, J.3    Sui, X.4    Zhang, J.5    Blair, S.N.6
  • 33
    • 84905178982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk
    • Lee D., Pate R.R., Lavie C.J., Sui X., Church T.S., Blair S.N. Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. JACC 2014, 64:472-481.
    • (2014) JACC , vol.64 , pp. 472-481
    • Lee, D.1    Pate, R.R.2    Lavie, C.J.3    Sui, X.4    Church, T.S.5    Blair, S.N.6
  • 34
    • 84873180673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of fitness and statin treatment on mortality risk in veterans with dyslipidaemia: a cohort study
    • Kokkinos P., Faselis C., Myers J., Panagiotakos D., Doumas M. Interactive effects of fitness and statin treatment on mortality risk in veterans with dyslipidaemia: a cohort study. Lancet 2012, 381(9864):394-399.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.381 , Issue.9864 , pp. 394-399
    • Kokkinos, P.1    Faselis, C.2    Myers, J.3    Panagiotakos, D.4    Doumas, M.5
  • 35
    • 84894262970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy, fitness and mortality risk in middle-aged hypertensive male veterans
    • Kokkinos P.F., Faselis C., Myers J., Panagiotakos D, Doumas M. Statin therapy, fitness and mortality risk in middle-aged hypertensive male veterans. Am J Hypertens 2014, 27:422-430.
    • (2014) Am J Hypertens , vol.27 , pp. 422-430
    • Kokkinos, P.F.1    Faselis, C.2    Myers, J.3    Panagiotakos, D.4    Doumas, M.5
  • 36
    • 0028866277 scopus 로고
    • Effects of regular exercise on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in African-American men with severe hypertension
    • Kokkinos P.F., Narayan P., Colleran J., et al. Effects of regular exercise on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in African-American men with severe hypertension. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:1462-1467.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1462-1467
    • Kokkinos, P.F.1    Narayan, P.2    Colleran, J.3
  • 37
    • 84886603261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study
    • Naci H., Ioannidis H.P.A. Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study. BMJ 2013, 347:f5577.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.347 , pp. f5577
    • Naci, H.1    Ioannidis, H.P.A.2
  • 38
    • 0004324213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for Health Professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology
    • Fletcher G.F., Balady G., Blair S.N., et al. Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for Health Professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Am Heart Assoc 1996, 94:857-862.
    • (1996) Am Heart Assoc , vol.94 , pp. 857-862
    • Fletcher, G.F.1    Balady, G.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 39
    • 50349097803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity to combat chronic diseases and health care costs: the unfilled prescription
    • Franklin B.A. Physical activity to combat chronic diseases and health care costs: the unfilled prescription. Curr Sports Med Rep 2008, 7:121-125.
    • (2008) Curr Sports Med Rep , vol.7 , pp. 121-125
    • Franklin, B.A.1
  • 40
    • 0038677039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity)
    • Thompson P.D., Buchner D., Piña I.L., et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003, 107:3109-3116.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 3109-3116
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Buchner, D.2    Piña, I.L.3
  • 41
    • 75349102514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and physiological cardiac remodeling in a community setting: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Turkbey E.B., Jorgensen N.W., Johnson W.C., et al. Physical activity and physiological cardiac remodeling in a community setting: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Heart 2010, 96:42-48.
    • (2010) Heart , vol.96 , pp. 42-48
    • Turkbey, E.B.1    Jorgensen, N.W.2    Johnson, W.C.3
  • 42
    • 61449115926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does physical activity ameliorate the health hazards of obesity?
    • Lee D.C., Sui X., Blair S.N. Does physical activity ameliorate the health hazards of obesity?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(1):49-51.
    • (2009) Br J Sports Med , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-51
    • Lee, D.C.1    Sui, X.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 43
    • 34247532436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample: the AusDiab study
    • Dwyer T., Hosmer D., Hosmer T., et al. The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample: the AusDiab study. Int J Obes 2007, 31:797-804.
    • (2007) Int J Obes , vol.31 , pp. 797-804
    • Dwyer, T.1    Hosmer, D.2    Hosmer, T.3
  • 44
    • 10844262691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women
    • Hu F.B., Willett W.C., Li T., et al. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:2694-2703.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2694-2703
    • Hu, F.B.1    Willett, W.C.2    Li, T.3
  • 45
    • 23044446397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47 212 middle-aged Finnish men and women
    • Hu G., Tuomilehto J., Silventoinen K., et al. The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47 212 middle-aged Finnish men and women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005, 29:894-902.
    • (2005) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.29 , pp. 894-902
    • Hu, G.1    Tuomilehto, J.2    Silventoinen, K.3
  • 46
    • 33644859289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity as compared with physical activity in predicting risk of coronary heart disease in women
    • Li T.Y., Rana J.S., Manson J.E., et al. Obesity as compared with physical activity in predicting risk of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation 2006, 113:499-506.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 499-506
    • Li, T.Y.1    Rana, J.S.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 47
    • 42949157878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The joint effects of physical activity and body mass index on coronary heart disease risk in women
    • Weinstein A.R., Sesso H.D., Lee I.M., et al. The joint effects of physical activity and body mass index on coronary heart disease risk in women. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:884-890.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 884-890
    • Weinstein, A.R.1    Sesso, H.D.2    Lee, I.M.3
  • 48
    • 85047690041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, measures of obesity, and cardiometabolic risk: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • McAuley P.A., Chen H., Lee D.C., Artero E.G., Bluemke D.A., Burke G.L. Physical activity, measures of obesity, and cardiometabolic risk: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Phys Act Health 2014, 11(4):831-837.
    • (2014) J Phys Act Health , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 831-837
    • McAuley, P.A.1    Chen, H.2    Lee, D.C.3    Artero, E.G.4    Bluemke, D.A.5    Burke, G.L.6
  • 49
    • 83755163592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedentary behavior and adiposity-associated inflammation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    • Allison M.A., Jensky N.E., Marshall S.J., Bertoni A.G., Cushman M. Sedentary behavior and adiposity-associated inflammation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42:8-13.
    • (2012) Am J Prev Med , vol.42 , pp. 8-13
    • Allison, M.A.1    Jensky, N.E.2    Marshall, S.J.3    Bertoni, A.G.4    Cushman, M.5
  • 50
    • 76749147752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in apparently healthy men and women
    • Arsenault B.J., Rana J.S., Lemieux I., et al. Physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in apparently healthy men and women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010, 34:340-347.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , pp. 340-347
    • Arsenault, B.J.1    Rana, J.S.2    Lemieux, I.3
  • 51
    • 84897551029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: implications regarding fitness, fatness and severity in the obesity paradox
    • Lavie C.J., McAuley P.A., Church T.S., Milani R.V., Blair S.N. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: implications regarding fitness, fatness and severity in the obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:1345-1354.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , pp. 1345-1354
    • Lavie, C.J.1    McAuley, P.A.2    Church, T.S.3    Milani, R.V.4    Blair, S.N.5
  • 53
    • 84863011057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in fitness and fatness on the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors: hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia
    • Lee D.C., Sui X., Church T.S., Lavie CJ, Jackson AS, Blair SN. Changes in fitness and fatness on the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors: hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012, 59:665-672.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 665-672
    • Lee, D.C.1    Sui, X.2    Church, T.S.3    Lavie, C.J.4    Jackson, A.S.5    Blair, S.N.6
  • 54
    • 83155189065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
    • Lee D.C., Sui X., Artero E.G., et al. Long-term effects of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Circulation 2011, 124:2483-2490.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. 2483-2490
    • Lee, D.C.1    Sui, X.2    Artero, E.G.3
  • 55
    • 84892432214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of obesity on risk factors and prevalence of coronary heart disease: the obesity paradox
    • De Schutter A., Lavie C.J., Milani R.V. The impact of obesity on risk factors and prevalence of coronary heart disease: the obesity paradox. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014, 56:401-408.
    • (2014) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.56 , pp. 401-408
    • De Schutter, A.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Milani, R.V.3
  • 56
    • 84860695874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease
    • McAuley P.A., Artero E.G., Sui X., et al. The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2012, 87:443-451.
    • (2012) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.87 , pp. 443-451
    • McAuley, P.A.1    Artero, E.G.2    Sui, X.3
  • 57
    • 84873824809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure
    • Lavie C.J., Cahalin L.P., Chase P., et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clin Proc 2013, 88:251-258.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , pp. 251-258
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Cahalin, L.P.2    Chase, P.3
  • 59
    • 0001217241 scopus 로고
    • Sexual differentiation, a factor affecting the forms of obesity
    • Vague J. Sexual differentiation, a factor affecting the forms of obesity. Presse Med 1947, 30:339-340.
    • (1947) Presse Med , vol.30 , pp. 339-340
    • Vague, J.1
  • 60
    • 0024605340 scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in obese women. Importance of intra-abdominal fat
    • Després J.P., Moorjani S., Ferland M., et al. Adipose tissue distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in obese women. Importance of intra-abdominal fat. Arteriosclerosis 1989, 9:203-210.
    • (1989) Arteriosclerosis , vol.9 , pp. 203-210
    • Després, J.P.1    Moorjani, S.2    Ferland, M.3
  • 61
    • 0023117178 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity
    • Fujioka S., Matsuzawa Y., Tokunaga K., Tarui S. Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity. Metabolism 1987, 36:54-59.
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 54-59
    • Fujioka, S.1    Matsuzawa, Y.2    Tokunaga, K.3    Tarui, S.4
  • 62
    • 44849093847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk
    • Després J.P., Lemieux I., Bergeron J., et al. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008, 28:1039-1049.
    • (2008) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.28 , pp. 1039-1049
    • Després, J.P.1    Lemieux, I.2    Bergeron, J.3
  • 63
    • 78049308422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Preis S.R., Massaro J.M., Robins S.J., et al. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham Heart Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010, 18:2191-2198.
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.18 , pp. 2191-2198
    • Preis, S.R.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Robins, S.J.3
  • 64
    • 84884905521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults
    • Neeland I.J., Ayers C.R., Rohatgi A.K., et al. Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013, 21:E439-E447.
    • (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.21 , pp. E439-E447
    • Neeland, I.J.1    Ayers, C.R.2    Rohatgi, A.K.3
  • 65
    • 84860752148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipose tissue indicates the severity of cardiometabolic risk in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: results from the INSPIRE ME IAA study
    • Smith J.D., Borel A.L., Nazare J.A., et al. Visceral adipose tissue indicates the severity of cardiometabolic risk in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: results from the INSPIRE ME IAA study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:1517-1525.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 1517-1525
    • Smith, J.D.1    Borel, A.L.2    Nazare, J.A.3
  • 66
    • 0348230958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
    • Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003, 112:1796-1808.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 1796-1808
    • Weisberg, S.P.1    McCann, D.2    Desai, M.3
  • 67
    • 83455216207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease
    • Britton K.A., Fox C.S. Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2011, 124:e837-e841.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. e837-e841
    • Britton, K.A.1    Fox, C.S.2
  • 68
    • 84863592684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update
    • Després J.P. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation 2012, 126:1301-1313.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 1301-1313
    • Després, J.P.1
  • 69
    • 77953868236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism
    • Samuel V.T., Petersen K.F., Shulman G.I. Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism. Lancet 2010, 375:2267-2277.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 2267-2277
    • Samuel, V.T.1    Petersen, K.F.2    Shulman, G.I.3
  • 70
    • 85042805111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial and perivascular adipose tissues and their influence on cardiovascular disease: basic mechanisms and clinical associations
    • Fitzgibbons T.P., Czech M.P. Epicardial and perivascular adipose tissues and their influence on cardiovascular disease: basic mechanisms and clinical associations. J Am Heart Assoc 2014, 3:e000582.
    • (2014) J Am Heart Assoc , vol.3 , pp. e000582
    • Fitzgibbons, T.P.1    Czech, M.P.2
  • 71
    • 68949090423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of obesity reduction: beyond weight loss
    • Ross R., Bradshaw A.J. The future of obesity reduction: beyond weight loss. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009, 5:319-325.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.5 , pp. 319-325
    • Ross, R.1    Bradshaw, A.J.2
  • 72
    • 33845589453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and addressing the epidemic of obesity: an energy balance perspective
    • Hill J.O. Understanding and addressing the epidemic of obesity: an energy balance perspective. Endocr Rev 2006, 27:750-761.
    • (2006) Endocr Rev , vol.27 , pp. 750-761
    • Hill, J.O.1
  • 73
    • 79959253343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study
    • Broekhuizen L.N., Boekholdt S.M., Arsenault B.J., et al. Physical activity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2011, 18:209-217.
    • (2011) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.18 , pp. 209-217
    • Broekhuizen, L.N.1    Boekholdt, S.M.2    Arsenault, B.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.