Challenges to recruiting population representative samples of female sex workers in China using Respondent Driven Sampling

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 125, Issue , 2015, Pages 79-93

  Merli, M Giovanna ^a   Moody, James ^a   Smith, Jeffrey ^b   Li, Jing ^d   Weir, Sharon ^c   Chen, Xiangsheng ^d  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^d National Center for STD Control   (China)

Author keywords

China; Female sex workers; HIV; Network simulation; Respondent Driven Sampling; Social networks

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHINA; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; FEMALE; HUMAN; PROSTITUTION; RESEARCH SUBJECT; RESPONDENT DRIVEN SAMPLING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL NETWORK; ALGORITHM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ALGORITHMS; CHINA; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; SAMPLING STUDIES; SEX WORKERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 84919950640     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.022     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Blankenship K.M., West B., Kershaw T., Biradovolu M. Power Community mobilization, and condom use behavior among female sex workers in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. AIDS 2008, 22(Suppl 5):109-116.
2. Breslow N.E., Day N.E. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: Vol. 1 - the Analysis of Case-control Studies 1980, IARC Scientific Publications, Lyon, France.
3. Brewer D.D. Forgetting in the recall-based elicitation of personal and social networks. Soc. Net. 2000, 22(1):29-43.
4. Burt R.D., Hagan H., Sabin K., Thiede H. Evaluating respondent-driven sampling in a major metropolitan area: comparing injection drug users in the 2005 Seattle area national HIV behavioral surveillance system survey with participants in the RAVEN and Kiwi studies. Ann. Epidemiol. 2010, 20(2):159-167.
5. Carballo-Dieguez A., Balan I., Marone R., Pando M.A., Dolezal C., Barreda V., Leu C.S., Avila M.M. Use of Respondent Driven Sampling generates a very diverse sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. PLOS One 2011, 6(11):e27447.
6. Chen X., Yin Y., Liang G., et al. Sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Yunnan, China. AIDS Pat. Care and Stds 2005, 19(12):853-860.
7. Chen Z.Q., Zhang G.C., Gong X.D., Lin C., Gao X., Liang G.J., Yue X.L., Chen X.C., Cohen M.S. Syphilis in China: results of a National Surveillance Programme. Lancet 2007, 369(9556):132-138. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60074-9.
8. Chen X.C., Wang Q.Q., Yin Y.P., et al. Prevalence of syphilis infection in different tiers of female sex workers in China: implications for surveillance and interventions. BMC Infect. Dis. 2012, 12:84.
9. Estimates for the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China 2011, China Ministry of Health, Beijing, China, November 2011.
10. Frank O. Survey sampling in graphs. J.Stat. Plan. Inference 1977, 1:235-264.
11. Gile K.J. Improved inference for respondent-driven sampling data with application to HIV prevalence estimation. J.Am. Stat. Assoc. 2011, 106(493):135-146.
12. Gile K.J., Handcock M.S. Respondent-driven sampling: an assessment of current methodology. Sociol. Methodol. 2010, 40:285-327.
13. Goel S., Salganik M.J. Assessing respondent-driven sampling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2010, 107(15):6743-6747.
14. Goodman L.A. Snowball sampling. Ann. Math. Stat 1961, 32:148-170.
15. Goodreau S.M., Kitts J.A., Morris M. Birds of a feather, or friend of a friend? Using exponential random graph models to investigate adolescent social networks. Demography 2009, 46:103-125.
16. Handcock M.S., Gile K.J. Network Model-assisted Inference from Respondent Driven Sampling Data 2011, (Under revision).
17. Handcock M.S., Goodreau S.M., Hunter D.R., Butts C.T., Morris M. ERGM: a package to fit, simulate and diagnose exponential - family models for networks. J.Stat. Softw. 2008, 24:1-29.
18. Heckathorn D.D. Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations. Soc. Probl. 1997, 44:174-199.
19. Heckathorn D.D. Respondent-driven sampling II: deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hidden populations. Soc. Probl. 2002, 49:11-34.
20. Hershatter G. Dangerous Pleasures 1997, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
21. Hesketh T., Li L., Ye X., et al. HIV and syphilis in migrant workers in Eastern China. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2005, 82:11-14.
22. Huang Y., Henderson G.E., Pan S.M., Cohen M.S. HIV/AIDS risk among brothel-based female sex workers in China: assessing the terms, content, and knowledge of sex work. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2004, 31(11):695-700.
23. Iguchi M.Y., Ober A.J., Berry S.H., Fain T., Heckathorn D.D., Gorbach P.M., Heimer R., Kozlov A., Ouellet L.J., Shoptaw S., Zule W.A. Simultaneous recruitment of drug users and men who have sex with men in the United States and Russia using respondent-driven sampling: sampling methods and implications. J.Urban Health 2009, 86(s1):5-31.
24. Jenness S.M., Neaigus A., Wendel T., Gelpi-Acosta C., Hagan H. Spatial recruitment bias in respondent-driven sampling: implications for HIV prevalence estimation in urban heterosexuals 2013, AIDS Behav, 2013. (Published Online First: 13 Oct 2013).
25. Johnston L.G., Sabin K., Hien M.T., Huong P.T. Assessment of Respondent Driven Sampling for recruiting female sex workers in two Vietnamese cities: reaching the unseen sex worker. J.Urban Health: Bull. NY Acad. Med. 2006, 83(Suppl.1):16-28.
26. Kendall C.C., Kerr L.R., Gondim R.C., Werneck G.L., Macena R.H., Pontes M.K., Johnston L.G., Sabin K., McFarland W. An empirical comparison of respondent-driven sampling, time location sampling, and snowball sampling for behavioral surveillance in men who have sex with men, Fortaleza, Brazil. AIDS Behav. 2008, 12(s1):97-104.
27. Klovdahl A. Urban social networks: some methodological problems and possibilities. The Small World 1989, 176-210. Ablex Publishing, Norwood, NJ. M. Kochen (Ed.).
28. Kral A.H., Malekinejad M., Vaudrey J., et al. Comparing respondent driven sampling and targeted sampling methods of recruiting injection drug users in San Francisco. J.Urban Health 2010, 87:839-850.
29. Lansky A., Abdul-Quader A.S., Cribbin M., et al. Developing an HIV behavioral surveillance system for injecting drug users: the national HIV behavioral surveillance system. Publ. Health Rep. 2007, 122(S1):48-55.
30. Lawler G.F., Coyle L.N. Lectures on Contemporary Probability Providence, RI 1999, American Mathematical Society.
31. Lim L.L. The Sex Sector: the Economic and Social Bases of Prostitution in Southeast Asia 1998, International Labor Office, Geneva.
32. Lovasz L. Random walks on graphs: a survey. Combinatorics 1993, 2:1-46.
33. Lu X.L., Bengtsson L., Britton T., Camitz M., Kim B.J., Thorson A., Liljeros F. The sensitivity of respondent driven sampling. J.R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A. Stat. Soc. 2012, 175(1):191-216.
34. Malekinejad M., Johnston L., Kendall C., et al. Using Respondent-Driven Sampling methodology for HIV biological and behavioral surveillance in international settings: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2008, 12(4 Suppl.):S105-S130.
35. Marsden P.V. Network data and measurement. Ann. Rev. Sociol. 1990, 16:435-463.
36. McCormick T.H., Salganik M.J., Zheng T. How many people do you know?: efficiently estimating personal network size. J.Am. Stat. Assoc. 2010, 105:59-70.
37. McCreesh N., Frost S.D., Seeley J., Katongole J., Tarsh M.N., Ndunguse R., Jichi F., Lunel N.L., Maher D., Johnston L.G., Sonnenberg P., Copas A.J., Hayes R.J., White R.G. Evaluation of respondent-driven sampling. Epidemiol. [Epidemiol. (Cambridge, Mass.)] 2012, 23(1):138-147.
38. Merli M.G., Hertog S., Wang B., Li J. Modeling the spread of HIV/AIDS in China: the role of heterosexual transmission. Popul. Stud. 2006, 60(1):1-22.
39. Morris M., Kurth A.E., Hamilton D.T., Moody J., Wakefield S. Concurrent partnerships and HIV prevalence disparities by race: linking science and public health practice. Am. J. Publ. Health 2009, 99:1023-1031.
40. Mouw T., Verdery A. Network sampling with memory: a proposal for more efficient sampling from social networks. Sociol. Methodol. 2012, 42(1):206-256.
41. Neely W.W. Statistical Theory for Respondent-driven Sampling 2009, (Doctor of Philosophy dissertation), University of Wisconsin-Madison.
42. Parish W., Pan S.M. Sexual partners in China: risk patterns for infection by HIV and other possible interventions. AIDS and Social Policy in China 2006, 190-213. Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge. J. Kaufman, A. Kleinman, T. Saich (Eds.).
43. Pirkle C., Soundardjee R., Stella A. Female sex workers in China: vectors of disease?. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2007, 34(9):695-703.
44. Robins G., Pattison P., Woolcock J. Small and other worlds: global network structures from local processes. Am. J. Sociol. 2005, 110:894-936.
45. Robins G., Pattison P., Kalish Y., Lusher D. An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Soc. Netw. 2007, 29:173-191.
46. Robinson W.T., Risser J.M.H., McGoy S., Becker A.B., Rehman H., Jefferson M., Griffin V., Wolverton M., Tortu S. Recruiting injection drug users: a three-site comparison of results and Experiences with respondent-driven and targeted sampling procedures. J.Urban Health 2006, 83(Suppl.1):29-38.
47. Rogers S.J., Ying L., Xin Y.T., Fung K., Kaufman J. Reaching and identifying the STD/HIV risk of sex workers in Beijing. AIDS Educ. Prevent. 2002, 14(3):217-227.
48. Salganik M.J. Variance estimation, design effects, and sample size calculations for respondent-driven sampling. Journal of Urban Health 2006, 83:98-111.
49. Salganik M.J., Heckathorn D.D. Sampling and estimation in hidden populations using respondent-driven sampling. Sociol. Methodol. 2004, 34:193-239.
50. Smith J.A. Macrostructure from survey data: generating whole systems from ego networks. Sociol. Methodol. 2012, 42:155-205.
51. Smith J.A., McPherson M., Smith-Lovin L. Social distance in the United States: sex, race, religion, age and education homophily among confidants, 1985-2004 1985-2004, Am Sociol Rev, (Published Online First: 24 April 2014).
52. Thompson S.K. Adaptive cluster sampling. J.Am. Stat. Assoc. 1990, 85:1050-1059.
53. Thompson S.K. Sampling 2002, Wiley, New York, NY. Second ed.
54. Thompson S.K., Seber G.A.F. Adaptive Sampling 1995, Wiley, New York, NY.
55. Tomas A., Gile K.J. The effect of differential recruitment, non-response and non-recruitment on estimators for respondent-driven sampling. Electron. J. Stat. 2011, 5:899-934.
56. Tucker J.D., Cohen M.S. China's syphilis epidemic: epidemiology, proximate determinants of spread, and control responses. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 24(1):50-55. 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834204bf.
57. Tucker J.D., Chen X.S., Peeling R.W. Syphilis and social upheaval in China. N.Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362(18):1658-1661.
58. AFramework for Monitoring and Evaluating HIV Prevention Programmes for Most-at-risk Populations. UNAIDS/08.23E/JC1519E 2008, UNAIDS.
59. Van Den Hoek A., Fu Y.L., Dukers N.H.T.M., Chen Z.H., Feng J.T., Zhang L.N., Zhang X.X. High prevalence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases among sex workers in China: potential for fast spread of HIV. AIDS 2001, 15(6):753-759.
60. Volz E., Heckathorn D.D. Probability-based estimation theory for respondent driven sampling. J.Off. Stat. 2008, 24:79-97.
61. Wang L., Ding Z.W., Ding G.W., Guo W., Qin Q.Q., Li D.M., Wang L.Y., Yan R.X., Hei F.X. Data analysis of national HIV comprehensive surveillance sites among female sex workers from 2004 to 2008 Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi. Chin. J. Prevent. Med. 2009, 43(11):1009.
62. Wang Q.Q., Yang P., Gong X.D., Jiang J., Yang B., Yang L.G., Huang X.X. Syphilis prevalence and high risk behaviors among female sex workers in different settings. Chin. J. AIDS STDs 2009, 15:398-400.
63. Weir S.S., Pailman C., Mahlalela X., et al. From people to places: focusing AIDS prevention efforts where it matters most. AIDS 2003, 17(6):895-903.
64. Weir S., Merli M.G., Li J., Gandhi A.D., Neely W.W., Edwards J.K., Suchindran C.M., Henderson G.E., Chen X. Acomparison of respondent-driven and venue-based sampling of female sex workers in Liuzhou, China. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2012, 88(Suppl.2):i95-i101.
65. Wejnert C. An empirical test of respondent-driven sampling: Point estimates, variance, degree measures, and out-of-equilibrium data. Sociol. Methodol. 2009, 39:73-116.
66. Wejnert C., Heckathorn D.D. Web-based network sampling: efficiency and efficacy of respondent-driven sampling for online research. Sociol. Meth. Res. 2008, 37:105-134.
67. White R.G., Lansky A., Goel S., Wilson D., Hladik W., Hakim A., Frost S.D.W. Respondent Driven Sampling: where we are and where should we be going?. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2012, 88(6):397-399.
68. Xia G., Yang X. Risky sexual behavior among female entertainment workers in China: implications for HIV/STD prevention intervention. AIDS Educ. Prev. 2005, 17(2):143-156.
69. Yamanis N., Merli M.G., Neely W.W., Tian F.F., Moody J., Tu X., Gao E. An empirical analysis of the impact of recruitment patterns on RDS estimates among a socially ordered population of female sex workers.". Sociol. Meth. Res. 2013, 42(3):392-425.
70. Yan H., Poon A.N., Zhang C. HIV/STI prevention interventions targeting FSWs in China: a systematic literature review. AIDS Care 2011, 23(Suppl.1):54-65.