Birds of a feather, or friend of a friend? Using exponential random graph models to investigate adolescent social networks

Demography

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 103-125

  Goodreau, Steven M ^a   Kitts, James A ^b   Morris, Martina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER GRAPHICS; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; FRIEND; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHOOL; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; CHILD; COMPUTER GRAPHICS; FEMALE; FRIENDS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SCHOOLS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 65449129981     PISSN: 00703370     EISSN: 15337790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/dem.0.0045     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adams, J. and J. Moody. 2007. "To Tell the Truth: Measuring Concordance in Multiply Reported Network Data." Social Networks 29:44-58.
2. Alexander, C., M. Piazza, D. Mekos, and T. Valente. 2001. "Peers, Schools, and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking." Journal of Adolescent Health 29:22-30.
3. Bearman, P.S. and J. Moody. 2004. "Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents." American Journal of Public Health 94:89-95.
4. Besag, J. 1974. "Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 36:192-236.
5. Blau, P.M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
6. Borgatti, S.P. and M.G. Everett. 1999. "Models of Core/Periphery Structures." Social Networks 21:375-95.
7. Burt, R.S. 1990. "Kinds of Relations in American Discussion Networks." Pp. 411-52 in Structures of Power and Constraint, edited by C. Calhoun, M.W. Meyer, and W.R. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Byrne, D.E. 1971. The Attraction Paradigm. New York: Academic Press.
9. Carley, K. 1991. "A Theory of Group Stability." American Sociological Review 56:331-54.
10. Cartwright, D. and F. Harary. 1966. "Structural Balance: A Generalization of Heider's Theory." Psychological Review 63:277-93.
11. Davis, J.A. 1967. "Clustering and Structural Balance in Graphs." Human Relations 20:181-87.
12. Dunphy, D.C. 1963. "The Social Structure of Urban Adolescent Peer Groups." Sociometry 26:230-46.
13. Feld, S.L. 1981. "The Focused Organization of Social Ties." American Journal of Sociology 86:1015-35.
14. -. 1982. "Social Structural Determinants of Similarity Among Associates." American Sociological Review 47:797-801.
15. Feld, S.L. and R. Elmore. 1982. "Patterns of Sociometric Choices: Transitivity Reconsidered." Social Psychology Quarterly 45(2):77-85.
16. Fershtman, M. 1985. "Transitivity and the Path Census in Sociometry." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 11:159-89.
17. Fienberg, S.E. and S. Wasserman. 1981. "Categorical Data Analysis of Single Sociometric Relations." Sociological Methodology 12:156-92.
18. Frank, O. and D. Strauss. 1986. "Markov Graphs." Journal of the American Statistical Association 81:832-42.
19. Geyer, C.J. and E.A. Thompson. 1992. "Constrained Monte Carlo Maximum Likelihood for Dependent Data." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 54:657-99.
20. Gile, K. and M.S. Handcock. 2006. "Model-Based Assessment of the Impact of Missing Data on Inference for Networks." Working Paper No. 66. Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington. Available online at http://www.csss.washington.edu/Papers/wp66.pdf.
21. Goodreau, S.M. 2007. "Advances in Exponential Random Graph (p*) Models Applied to a Large Social Network." Social Networks 29:231-48.
22. Granovetter, M. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78:1360-80.
23. Hallinan, M.T. 1982. "Classroom Racial Composition and Children's Friendships." Social Forces 61:56-72.
24. Hallinan, M.T. and R.A. Williams. 1989. "Interracial Friendship Choices in Secondary Schools." American Sociological Review 54:67-78.
25. Handcock, M.S. 2003a. "Assessing Degeneracy in Statistical Models of Social Networks." Working Paper No. 39. Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington. Available online at http://www.csss.washington.edu/Papers/wp39.pdf.
26. -. 2003b. "Statistical Models for Social Networks: Degeneracy and Inference." Pp. 229-40 in Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers, edited by R.L. Breiger, K.M. Carley, and P. Pattison. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
27. Handcock, M.S., D.R. Hunter, C.T. Butts, S.M. Goodreau, and M. Morris. 2008. "ergm: A Package to Fit, Simulate and Diagnose Exponential-Family Models for Networks." Journal of Statistical Software 24(3):1-29.
28. Heider, F. 1958. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wiley.
29. Holland, P.W. and S. Leinhardt. 1981. "An Exponential Family of Probability Distributions for Directed Graphs." Journal of the American Statistical Association 76(373):33-50.
30. Hunter, D.R. 2007. "Curved Exponential Family Models for Social Networks." Social Networks 29:216-30.
31. Hunter, D.R., S.M. Goodreau, and M.S. Handcock. 2008. "Goodness of Fit of Social Network Models." Journal of the American Statistical Association 103(481):248-58.
32. Hunter, D.R. and M.S. Handcock. 2006. "Inference in Curved Exponential Family Models for Networks." Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 15:565-83.
33. Kandel, D.B. 1978. "Homophily, Selection, and Socialization in Adolescent Friendships." American Journal of Sociology 84:427-36.
34. Koehly, L.M., S.M. Goodreau, and M. Morris. 2004. "Exponential Family Models for Sampled and Census Network Data." Sociological Methodology 34:241-70.
35. Kohler, H.P. 1997. "Learning in Social Networks and Contraceptive Choice." Demography 34:369-83.
36. -. 2000. "Fertility Decline as a Coordination Problem." Journal of Development Economics 63:231-63.
37. Kohler, H.P., J.R. Behrman, and S.C. Watkins. 2001. "The Density of Social Networks and Fertility Decisions: Evidence From South Nyanza District, Kenya." Demography 38:43-58.
38. Lazarsfeld, P.F. and R.K. Merton. 1954. "Friendship as a Social Process: A Substantive and Methodological Analysis." Pp. 8-66 in Freedom and Control in Modern Society, edited by M. Berger, T. Abel, and C.H. Page. New York: Van Nostrand.
39. Mare, R.D. 1991. "Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating." American Sociological Review 56:15-32.
40. Marsden, P.V. 1981. "Models and Methods for Characterizing the Structural Parameters of Groups." Social Networks 3(1):1-27.
41. Massey, D.S. 1988. "Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective." Population and Development Review 14:383-413.
42. Massey, D.S., R. Alarcon, J. Durand, and H. Gonzalez. 1987. Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration From Western Mexico. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
43. May, R.M. and R.M. Anderson. 1988. "The Transmission Dynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 321(1207):565-607.
44. McPherson, J.M. and L. Smith-Lovin. 1987. "Homophily in Voluntary Organizations: Status Distance and the Composition of Face-to-Face Groups." American Sociological Review 52:370-79.
45. McPherson, M., L. Smith-Lovin, and J.M. Cook. 2001. "Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks." Annual Review of Sociology 27:415-44.
46. Moody, J. 2001. "Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America." American Journal of Sociology 107:679-716.
47. Morris, M. 1991. "A Log-Linear Modeling Framework for Selective Mixing." Mathematical Biosciences 107:349-77.
48. Morris, M. and L. Dean. 1994. "Effect of Sexual-Behavior Change on Long-Term Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Prevalence Among Homosexual Men." American Journal of Epidemiology 140:217-32.
49. Morris, M. and M. Kretzschmar. 1997. "Concurrent Partnerships and the Spread of HIV." AIDS 11:641-48.
50. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. 2001. Network Variables Codebook. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.
51. Rapoport, A. 1957. "A Contribution to the Theory of Random and Biased Nets." Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 19:257-71.
52. Resnick, M.D., P.S. Bearman, R.W. Blum, K.E. Bauman, K.M. Harris, J. Jones, J. Tabor, T. Beuhring, R.E. Sieving, M. Shew, M. Ireland, L.H. Bearinger, and J.R. Udry. 1997. "Protecting Adolescents From Harm. Findings From the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health." Journal of the American Medical Association 278:823-32.
53. Rogers, E.M. and D.K. Bhowmik. 1970. "Homophily-Heterophily: Relational Concepts for Communication Research." Public Opinion Quarterly 34:523-38.
54. Snijders, T.A.B. 2002. "Markov Chain Monte Carlo Estimation of Exponential Random Graph Models." Journal of Social Structure 3(2):1-40.
55. Snijders, T.A.B., P.E. Pattison, G.L. Robins, and M.S. Handcock. 2006. "New Specifications for Exponential Random Graph Models." Sociological Methodology 36:99-153.
56. Snijders, T.A.B. and F.N. Stokman. 1987. "Extensions of Triad Counts to Networks With Different Subsets of Points and Testing Underlying Random Graph Distributions." Social Networks 9:249-75.
57. South, S.J. and D.L. Haynie. 2004. "Friendship Networks of Mobile Adolescents." Social Forces 83:315-50.
58. Strauss, D. and M. Ikeda. 1990. "Pseudolikelihood Estimation for Social Networks." Journal of the American Statistical Society 85:204-12.
59. Udry, J.R. and P.S. Bearman. 1998. "New Methods for New Research on Adolescent Sexual Behavior." Pp. 241-69 in New Perspectives on Adolescent Risk Behavior, edited by R. Jessor. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
60. Valente, T.W. 2003. "Social Network Influences on Adolescent Substance Use." Connections 25:1-4.
61. Valente, T.W., S.C. Watkins, M.N. Jato, A. VanderStraten, and L.P.M. Tsitsol. 1997. "Social Network Associations With Contraceptive Use Among Cameroonian Women in Voluntary Associations." Social Science & Medicine 45:677-87.
62. Wasserman, S.S. 1977. "Random Directed Graph Distributions and Triad Census in Social Networks." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 5(1):61-86.
63. Wasserman, S. and P. Pattison. 1996. "Logit Models and Logistic Regressions for Social Networks: I. An Introduction to Markov Graphs and p*." Psychometrika 60:401-25.
64. Watkins, S.C. and A.D. Danzi. 1995. "Women's Gossip and Social Change: Childbirth and Fertility Control Among Italian and Jewish Women in the United States, 1920-1940." Gender & Society 9:469-90.
65. Watts, D.J. and S.H. Strogatz. 1998. "Collective Dynamics of 'Small-World' Networks." Nature 393:440-42.