Strain-rate sensitivity of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Volumn 41, Issue , 2015, Pages 261-270

  Bonner, Timothy J ^a,b   Newell, Nicolas ^b   Karunaratne, Angelo ^b   Pullen, Andy D ^b   Amis, Andrew A ^b   M J Bull, Anthony ^b   Masouros, Spyros D ^b  

^a QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Injury; Ligament; Modulus; Strain rate; Stress

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; ELASTIC MODULI; LIGAMENTS; LOADING; STRESSES; TISSUE; X RAY SCATTERING;

COLLAGEN FIBRILS; COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; DEFORMATION RATES; INJURY; MODULUS; SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING; STRAIN RATE SENSITIVITY; UNIAXIAL TENSIONS;

STRAIN RATE;

COLLAGEN;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BONE STRESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; KNEE LIGAMENT; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL SENSITIVITY; SWINE; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANIMAL; ANKLE LATERAL LIGAMENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; FEMALE; KNEE; MATERIALS TESTING; MECHANICAL STRESS; PIG;

ANIMALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNEE; LATERAL LIGAMENT, ANKLE; MATERIALS TESTING; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SWINE;

EID: 84919948714     PISSN: 17516161     EISSN: 18780180     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Crowninshield R.D., Pope M.H. The strength and failure characteristics of rat medial collateral ligaments. J. Trauma 1976, 16:99-105.
2. Crisco J.J., Moore D.C., McGovern R.D. Strain rate sensitivity of the rabbit MCL diminishes at traumatic loading rates. J. Biomech. 2002, 35:1379-1385. 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00167-7.
3. Danto M.I., Woo S.L. The mechanical properties of skeletally mature rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon over a range of strain rates. J. Orthop. Res. 1993, 11:58-67. 10.1002/jor.1100110108.
4. Diamant J., Keller A., Baer E., Litt M., Arridge R.G. Collagen; ultrastructure and its relation to mechanical properties as a function of ageing. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1972, 180:293-315. 10.1098/rspb.1972.0019.
5. Fratzl P., Misof K., Zizak I., Rapp G., Amenitsch H., Bernstorff S. Fibrillar structure and mechanical properties of collagen. J. Struct. Biol. 1997, 122:119-122. 10.1006/jsbi.1998.3966.
6. Fessel G., Snedeker J.G. Equivalent stiffness after glycosaminoglycan depletion in tendon - an ultra-structural finite element model and corresponding experiments. J. Theor. Biol. 2011, 268:77-83. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.10.007.
7. Gelber A.C., Hochberg M.C., Mead L.A., Wang N.Y., Wigley F.M., Klag M.J. Joint injury in young adults and risk for subsequent knee and hip osteoarthritis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000, 133:321-328. 10.7326/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00007.
8. Germscheid N.M., Thornton G.M., Hart D.A., Hildebrand K.A. A biomechanical assessment to evaluate breed differences in normal porcine medial collateral ligaments. J. Biomech. 2011, 44:725-731. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.036.
9. Goodship A.E., Birch H.L. Cross sectional area measurement of tendon and ligament in vitro: a simple, rapid, non-destructive technique. J. Biomech. 2005, 38:605-608. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.003.
10. Gupta H.S., Seto J., Krauss S., Boesecke P., Screen H.R. In situ multi-level analysis of viscoelastic deformation mechanisms in tendon collagen. J. Struct. Biol. 2010, 169:183-191. 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.10.002.
11. Haut T.L., Haut R.C. The state of tissue hydration determines the strain rate-sensitive stiffness of human patellar tendon. J. Biomech. 1997, 30:79-81. 10.1016/S0021-9290(96)00108-X.
12. Kennedy J.C., Hawkins R.J., Willis R.B., Danylchuck K.D. Tension studies of human knee ligaments. Yield point, ultimate failure, and disruption of the cruciate and tibial collateral ligaments. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1976, 58:350-355.
13. Kennedy J.C., Weinberg H.W., Wilson A.S. The anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament. As determined by clinical and morphological studies. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1974, 56:223-235.
14. Karunaratne A., Esapa C.R., Hiller J., Boyde A., Head R., Bassett J.H., et al. Significant deterioration in nanomechanical quality occurs through incomplete extrafibrillar mineralization in rachitic bone: evidence from in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and backscattered electron imaging. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2012, 27:876-890. 10.1002/jbmr.1495.
15. Karunaratne A., Terrill N.J., Gupta H.S. Synchrotron X-ray nanomechanical imaging of mineralized fiber composites. Methods Enzymol. 2013, 532:415-473. 10.1016/B978-0-12-416617-2.00019-9.
16. Liao H., Belkoff S.M. A failure model for ligaments. J. Biomech. 1999, 32:183-188. 10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00169-9.
17. Masouros S.D., Parker K.H., Hill A.M., Amis A.A., Bull A.M.J. Testing and modelling of soft connective tissues of joints: a review. J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. 2009, 44:305-318. 10.1243/03093247JSA507.
18. Misof K., Rapp G., Fratzl P. A new molecular model for collagen elasticity based on synchrotron X-ray scattering evidence. Biophys. J. 1997, 72:1376-1381. 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78783-6.
19. Mosler E., Folkhard W., Knörzer E., Nemetschek-Gansler H., Nemetschek T., Koch M.H.J. Stress-induced molecular rearrangement in tendon collagen. J. Mol. Biol. 1985, 182:589-596. 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90244-X.
20. Ng B.H., Chou S.M., Lim B.H., Chong A. Strain rate effect on the failure properties of tendons. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H 2004, 218:203-206. 10.1243/095441104323118923.
21. Noyes F.R., DeLucas J.L., Torvik P.J. Biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament failure: an analysis of strain rate sensitivity and mechanisms of failure in primates. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1974, 56:236-253.
22. Nagasaka K., Mizuno K., Tanaka E., Yamamoto S., Iwamoto M., Miki K., Kajzer J. Finite element analysis of knee injury risks in car-to-pedestrian impacts. Traffic Inj. Prev. 2003, 4:345-354. 10.1080/714040492.
23. Noyes F.R., Grood E.S. The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and Rhesus monkeys. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1976, 58:1074-1082.
24. Noyes F.R. Functional properties of knee ligaments and alterations induced by immobilization: a correlative biomechanical and histological study in primates. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1977, 210-242.
25. Nelder J.A., Mead R. A simplex method for function minimisation. Comput. J. 1965, 7:308-313. 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308.
26. Polinder S., Meerding W.J., van Baar M.E., Toet H., Mulder S., van Beeck E.F., EUROCOST Reference Group Cost estimation of injury-related hospital admissions in 10 European countries. J. Trauma 2005, 59:1283-1291. 10.1097/01.ta.0000195998.11304.5b.
27. Puxkandl R., Zizak I., Paris O., Keckes J., Tesch W., Bernstorff S., Purslow P., Fratzl P. Viscoelastic properties of collagen: synchrotron radiation investigations and structural model. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2002, 357:191-197. 10.1098/rstb.2001.1033.
28. Ramasamy A., Masouros S.D., Newell N., Hill A.M., Proud W.G., Brown K.A., Bull A.M.J., Clasper J.C. In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2011, 366:160-170. 10.1098/rstb.2010.0219.
29. Schenck R.C., Kovach I.S., Agarwal A., Brummett R., Ward R.A., Lanctot D., Athanasiou K.A. Cruciate injury patterns in knee hyperextension: a cadaveric model. Arthroscopy 1999, 15:489-495. 10.1053/ar.1999.v15.0150481.
30. Schenck, R., Kovach, I.S., Agarwal, A., Brummett, R., 1998. Strain rate sensitivity of combined knee ligament injuries. In: Proceedings of the 17th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, vol. 55. (10.1109/SBEC.1998.666661).
31. Screen H.R.C., Lee D.A., Bader D.L., Shelton J.C. An investigation into the effects of the hierarchical structure of tendon fascicles on micromechanical properties. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H 2004, 218:109-119. 10.1243/095441104322984004.
32. Sasaki N., Odajima S. Elongation mechanism of collagen fibrils and force-strain relations of tendon at each level of structural hierarchy. J. Biomech. 1996, 29:1131-1136. 10.1016/0021-9290(96)00024-3.
33. Scott J.E., Thomlinson A.M. The structure of interfibrillar proteoglycan bridges (shape modules') in extracellular matrix of fibrous connective tissues and their stability in various chemical environments. J. Anat. 1998, 192(Pt 3):391-405. 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19230391.x.
34. Sidles J.A., Clark J.M., Garbini J.L. A geometric theory of the equilibrium mechanics of fibers in ligaments and tendons. J. Biomech. 1991, 24:943-949. 10.1016/0021-9290(91)90172-J.
35. Tipton C.M., Schild R.J., Flatt A.E. Measurement of ligamentous strength in rat knees. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1967, 49:63-72.
36. Twaddle B.C., Bidwell T.A., Chapman J.R. Knee dislocations: where are the lesions? A prospective evaluation of surgical findings in 63 cases. J. Orthop. Trauma 2003, 17:198-202.
37. Woo S.L.-Y., Peterson R.H., Ohland K.J., Sites T.J., Danto M.I. The effects of strain rate on the properties of the medial collateral ligament in skeletally immature and mature rabbits: a biomechanical and histological study. J. Orthop. Res. 1990, 8:712-721. 10.1002/jor.1100080513.
38. Xerogeanes J.W., Fox R.J., Takeda Y., Kim H.S., Ishibashi Y., Carlin G.J., Woo S.L. A functional comparison of animal anterior cruciate ligament models to the human anterior cruciate ligament. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 1998, 26:345-352. 10.1114/1.91.
39. Ytterstad B. The Harstad injury prevention study: the epidemiology of sports injuries. An 8 year study. Br. J. Sports Med. 1996, 30:64-68. 10.1136/bjsm.30.1.64.
40. Yannas I.V., Olson D.A. Linear relaxation analysis of the mechanochemical transformation of collagen fibers. Biopolymers 1972, 11:899-912. 10.1002/bip.1972.360110413.
41. Yamamoto, S., Saito, A., Nagasaka, K., Sugimoto, S., Mizuno, K., Tanaka, E., Kabayama, M., 2003. The strain rate dependence of mechanical properties of rabbit knee ligaments. In: Proceedings of the 18th Enhanced Safety Vehicles, pp. 1-9.
42. Yamamoto N., Hayashi K. Mechanical properties of rabbit patellar tendon at high strain rate. Biomed. Mater. Eng. 1998, 8:83-90.