Scalable low-cost fabrication of disposable paper sensors for DNA detection

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 6, Issue 24, 2014, Pages 22751-22760

  Gandhiraman, Ram P ^a   Nordlund, Dennis ^b   Jayan, Vivek ^a   Meyyappan, M ^a   Koehne, Jessica E ^a  

^a NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

cellulose functionalization; DNA detection; NEXAFS; paper sensors; X ray absorption

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CELLULOSE; COSTS; DNA; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; FABRICATION; PLASMA CVD; PLASMA ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; X RAY ABSORPTION;

ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE; CELLULOSE FUNCTIONALIZATION; DNA DETECTION; LARGE SCALE PRODUCTIONS; LOCAL ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES; LOW COST FABRICATION; NEAR EDGE X RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE; NEXAFS;

PAPER;

AEROSOLS; BAROMETRIC PRESSURE; DEPOSITION; NUCLEIC ACIDS; PAPER; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; SENSORS;

DNA;

DEVICE FAILURE ANALYSIS; DEVICES; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; DNA MICROARRAY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GENETIC PROCEDURES; GENETICS; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PAPER; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SYSTEM ANALYSIS;

BASE SEQUENCE; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; DNA; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PAPER; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SYSTEMS INTEGRATION;

EID: 84919884075     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/am5069003     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Lankelma, J.; Nie, Z.; Carrilho, E.; Whitesides, G. M. Paper-based Analytical Device for Electrochemical Flow-Injection Analysis of Glucose in Urine Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 4147-4152
2. Sassolas, A.; Leca-Bouvier, B. D.; Blum, L. J. DNA Biosensors and Microarrays Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 109-139
3. Song, Y.; Gyarmati, P.; Araújo, A. C.; Lundeberg, J.; Brumer, H.; Ståhl, P. L. Visual Detection of DNA on Paper Chips Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 1575-1582
4. Scida, K.; Li, B.; Ellington, A. D.; Crooks, R. M. DNA Detection Using Origami Paper Analytical Devices Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 9713-9720
5. Araujo, A. C.; Song, Y.; Lundeberg, J.; Stahl, P. L.; Brumer, H. Activated Paper Surfaces for the Rapid Hybridization of DNA Through Capillary Transport Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 3311-3317
6. Yu, A.; Shang, J.; Cheng, F.; Paik, B. A.; Kaplan, J. M.; Andrade, R. B.; Ratner, D. M. Biofunctional Paper via the Covalent Modification of Cellulose Langmuir 2012, 28, 11265-11273
7. Su, S. X.; Nutiu, R.; Filipe, C. D. M.; Li, Y. F.; Pelton, R. Adsorption and Covalent Coupling of ATP-binding DNA Aptamers onto Cellulose Langmuir 2007, 23, 1300-1302
8. Sharma, P.; Basir, S. F.; Nahar, P. Photoimmobilization of Unmodified Carbohydrates on Activated Surface J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 342, 202-204
9. Aied, A.; Zheng, Yu.; Pandit, A.; Wang, W. DNA Immobilization and Detection on Cellulose Paper using a Surface Grown Cationic Polymer via ATRP ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 826-831
10. Aied, A.; Glynn, B.; Cao, H.; Zheng, Yu.; Tai, H.; Pandit, A.; Wang, W. A Fluorescently Labeled, Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesized from DE-ATRP for the Detection of DNA Hybridization Polym. Chem. 2012, 3, 332-334
11. Ademovic, Z.; Wei, J.; Winther-Jensen, B.; Hou, X.; Kingshott, P. Surface Modification of PET Films Using Pulsed AC Plasma Polymerisation Aimed at Preventing Protein Adsorption Plasma Process Polym. 2005, 2, 53-63
12. Gandhiraman, R. P.; Volcke, C.; Gubala, V.; Doyle, C.; Basabe-Desmonts, L.; Dotzler, C.; Toney, M. F.; Iacono, M.; Nooney, R. I.; Daniels, S.; James, B.; Williams, D. E. High Efficiency Amine Functionalization of Cycloolefin Polymer Surfaces for Biodiagnostics J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 4116-4127
13. Lin, P. A.; Sankaran, R. M. Plasma-Assisted Dissociation of Organometallic Vapors for Continuous, Gas-Phase Preparation of Multimetallic Nanoparticles Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 10953-10956
14. Tian, L.; Morrissey, J. J.; Kattumenu, R.; Gandra, N.; Kharasch, E. D.; Singamaneni, S. Bioplasmonic Paper as a Platform for Detection of Kidney Cancer Biomarkers Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 9928-9934
15. Lee, C. H.; Hankus, M. E.; Tian, L.; Pellegrino, P. M.; Singamaneni, S. Highly Sensitive Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Based on Filter Paper Loaded with Plasmonic Nanostructures Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 8953-8958
16. Lakowicz, J. R. Plasmonics in Biology and Plasmon-Controlled Fluorescence Plasmonics 2006, 1, 5-33
17. Connor, N. O.; Gandhiraman, R. P.; Doyle, C.; James, B.; MacCraith, B. D.; Williams, D. E.; Daniels, S. Room Temperature Deposition of Tunable Plasmonic Nanostructures by Atmospheric Pressure Jet Plasma J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 9485-9489
18. Carrilho, E.; Martinez, A. W.; Whitesides, G. M. Understanding Wax Printing: A Simple Micropatterning Process for Paper-Based Microfluidics Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 7091-7095
19. Renault, C.; Li, X.; Fosdick, S. E.; Crooks, R. M. Hollow-Channel Paper Analytical Devices Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 7976-7979
20. Tirsell, K. G.; Karpenko, V. P. A General Purpose Sub-keV X-ray Facility at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 1990, 291, 511-517
21. Moravej, M.; Yang, X.; Nowling, G. R.; Chang, J. P.; Hicks, R. F.; Babayan, S. E. Physics of High-Pressure Helium and Argon Radio-Frequency Plasmas J. Appl. Phys. 2004, 96, 7011-7017
22. Klages, C. P.; Grishin, A. Plasma Amination of Low-Density Polyethylene by DBD Afterglows at Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Process Polym. 2008, 5, 368-376
23. Petersen, J.; Fouquet, T.; Michel, M.; Toniazzo, V.; Dinia, A.; Ruch, D.; Bomfim, J. A. S. Enhanced Adhesion over Aluminum Solid Substrates by Controlled Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Amine-Rich Primers ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 1072-1079
24. Gandhiraman, R. P.; Le, N. C. H.; Doyle, C.; Volcke, C.; Gubala, V.; Uppal, S.; Dixit, C. K.; Monaghan, R.; James, B.; Kennedy, R. O.; Daniels, S.; Williams, D. E. Multi-layered Plasma Polymerized Coatings for SPR Based Biomolecular Detection ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 4640-4648
25. Coyle, C.; Gandiraman, R. P.; Gubala, V.; Le, N. C. H.; Charlton, C.; Swift, P.; Daniels, S.; Williams, D. E. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate and Acrylic Acid Forming Robust Carboxylic Functionalities on Plastic Surfaces for Biodiagnostics Plasma Process Polym. 2012, 9, 28-36
26. Raynaud, P.; Despax, B.; Segui, Y.; Caquineau, H. FTIR Plasma Phase Analysis of Hexamethyldisiloxane Discharge in Microwave Multipolar Plasma at Different Electrical Powers Plasma Process Polym. 2005, 2, 45-52
27. Bierbaum, K.; Kinzler, M.; Woll, Ch.; Grunze, M.; Hahner, G.; Heid, S.; Effenberger, F. A Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Film Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Organosilanes on Oxidized Si(100) Langmuir 1995, 11, 512-518
28. Smith, B. Infrared Spectral Interpretation: A Systematic Approach; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1998.
29. White, L. D.; Tripp, C. P. Reaction of (3-Aminopropyl)dimethylethoxysilane with Amine Catalysts on Silica Surfaces J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2000, 232, 400-407
30. 2 Deposited by Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition and Incorporated by Postdeposition Exposure to Water Vapor J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A 1990, 8, 1374-1381
31. Kurth, D. G.; Thomas, B. Thin Films of (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on Aluminum Oxide and Gold Substrates Langmuir 1906, 11, 3061-3067
32. Socrates, G. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 2004.
33. Van Os, M. T.; Menges, B.; Foerch, R.; Vancso, G. J.; Knoll, W. Characterisation of Plasma Polymerised Allylamine using Optical Waveguide Mode Spectroscopy Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 3252-3257
34. Dennis, R. V.; Schultz, B. J.; Jaye, C.; Wang, X.; Fischer, D. A.; Cartwright, A. N.; Banerjee, S. Near Edge A-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Study of Nitrogen Incorporation in Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2013, 31, 041204
35. 2) Appl. Surf. Sci. 2001, 171, 136-142
36. Gubala, V.; Gandhiraman, R. P.; Volcke, C.; Doyle, C.; Coyle, C.; James, B.; Daniels, S.; Williams, D. E. Functionalization of Cycloolefin Polymer Surfaces by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition: Comprehensive Characterization and Analysis of the Contact Surface and the Bulk of Aminosiloxane Coatings Analyst 2010, 135, 1375-1381
37. Stohr, J. NEXAFS Spectroscopy; Springer: Berlin, 1992.
38. Groot, F. D.; Kotani, A. Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2008.
39. Urquhart, S.; Hitchcock, A. P.; Priester, R. D.; Rightor, E. G. Analysis of Polyurethanes Using Core Excitation Spectroscopy. Part II: Inner Shell Spectra of Ether, Urea and Carbamate Model Compounds J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1603-1620
40. Ishii, I.; Hitchcock, A. P. The Oscillator Strengths for C 1s and O 1s Excitation of Some Saturated and Unsaturated Organic Acids, Alcohols and Esters J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1988, 46, 55-64
41. Outka, D. A.; Stohr, J.; Madix, R. J.; Rotermund, H. H.; Hermsmeier, B.; Solomon, J. NEXAFS Studies of Complex Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids on the Si(111) (7 × 7) Surface Surf. Sci. 1987, 185, 53-74
42. Sette, F.; Stöhr, J.; Hitchcock, A. P. Determination of Intra-Molecular Bond Lengths in Gas Phase Molecules from K-Shell Shape Resonances J. Chem. Phys. 1984, 81, 4906-4914
43. Graf, N.; Yegen, E.; Gross, T.; Lippitz, A.; Weigel, W.; Krakert, S.; Terfort, A.; Unger, W. E. S. XPS and NEXAFS Studies of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amine Species on Functionalized Surfaces Surf. Sci. 2009, 603, 2849-2860
44. Knorr, D. B.; Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.; Shoch, A. B.; Lenhart, J. L. Manipulation of Interfacial Amine Density in Epoxy-Amine Systems as Studied by Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Langmuir 2012, 28, 15294-15304
45. Urquhart, S. G.; Ade, H. Trends in the Carbonyl Core (C 1s, O 1s) → π∗C - O Transition in the Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectra of Organic Molecules J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8531-8538
46. Solomon, D.; Lehmann, J.; Kinyangi, J.; Liang, B.; Heymann, K.; Dathe, L.; Hanley, K.; Wirick, S.; Jacobsen, C. Carbon (1s) NEXAFS Spectroscopy of Biogeochemically Relevant Reference Organic Compounds Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2009, 73, 1817-1830
47. Cody, G. D.; Botto, R. E.; Ade, H.; Wirick, S. The Application of Soft X-ray Microscopy to the in-situ Analysis of Sporinite in Coal Int. J. Coal Geol. 1996, 32, 69-86
48. Cody, G. D.; Ade, H.; Wirick, S.; Mitchell, G. D.; Davis, A. Determination of Chemical Structural Changes in Vitrinite Accompanying Luminescence Alteration using C NEXAFS Analysis Org. Geochem. 1998, 28, 441-455
49. Kaznacheyev, K.; Osanna, A.; Jacobsen, C.; Plashkevych, O.; Vahtras, O.; Agren, H.; Carravetta, V.; Hitchcock, A. P. Inner-Shell Absorption Spectroscopy of Amino Acids J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 3153-3168
50. Stohr, J.; Sette, F.; Johnson, A. L. Near-Edge X-Ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Studies of Chemisorbed Hydrocarbons: Bond Lengths with a Ruler Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 53, 1684-1687
51. Bagus, P. S.; Weiss, K.; Schertel, A.; Wöll, Ch.; Braun, W.; Hellwig, C.; Jung, C. Identification of Transitions into Rydberg States in the X-ray Absorption Spectra of Condensed Long Chain Alkanes Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 248, 129-135
52. Coffey, T.; Urquhart, S. G.; Ade, H. Characterization of the Effects of Soft X-ray Irradiation on Polymers J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2002, 122, 65-78
53. Harder, P.; Bierbaum, K.; Woell, Ch.; Grunze, M.; Heid, S.; Effenberger, F. Induced Orientational Order in Long Alkyl Chain Aminosilane Molecules by Preadsorbed Octadecyltrichlorosilane on Hydroxylated Si(100) Langmuir 1997, 13, 445-454
54. Kallury, K. M. R.; Thompson, M.; Tripp, C. P.; Hair, M. L. Interaction of Silicon Surfaces Silanized with Octadecylchlorosilanes with Octadecanoic Acid and Octadecanamine Studied by Ellipsometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Langmuir 1992, 8, 947-954
55. Kristensen, E. M. E.; Nederberg, F.; Rensmo, F.; Bowden, T.; Hilborn, J.; Siegbahn, H. Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of the Functionalization of a Silicon Surface with a Phosphorylcholine-Terminated Polymer Grafted onto (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane Langmuir 2006, 22, 9651-9657
56. Stöhr, J.; Gland, J. L.; Eberhardt, W.; Outka, D.; Madix, R. J.; Sette, F.; Koestner, R. J.; Doebler, U. Bonding and Bond Lengths of Chemisorbed Molecules from Near-Edge X-ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Studies Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 51, 2414-2417
57. Hitchcock, A. P.; Stöhr, J. K-shell Shape Resonances and Intramolecular Bond Length. Comments on the Relationship Between Shape Resonances and Bond Lengths J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87, 3523-3525
58. Gordon, M. L.; Cooper, G.; Morin, C.; Araki, T.; Turci, C. C.; Kaznatcheev, K.; Hitchcock, A. P. Inner Shell Spectroscopy of the Peptide Bond: Comparison of the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s Spectra of Glycine, Glycyl-Glycine and Glycyl-Glycyl-Glycine J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 6144-6159
59. Ishii, I.; Hitchcock, A. P. A Quantitative Experimental Study of the Core Excited Electronic States in Formamide, Formic Acid and Formyl Fluoride J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87, 830-839
60. Hitchcock, A. P.; Morin, C.; Tyliszczak, T.; Koprinarov, I. N.; Ikeura-Sekiguchi, H.; Lawrence, J. R.; Leppard, G. G. Soft X-ray Microscopy of Soft Matter-Hard Information From Two Softs Surf. Rev. Lett. 2002, 9, 193-201
61. Shard, A. G.; Whittle, J. D.; Beck, A. J.; Brookes, P. N.; Bullett, N. A.; Talib, R. A.; Mistry, A.; Barton, D.; McArthur, S. L. A NEXAFS Examination of Unsaturation in Plasma Polymers of Allylamine and Propylamine J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 12472-12480
62. Vairavamurthy, A.; Wang, S. Organic Nitrogen in Geomacromolecules: Insights on Speciation and Transformation with K-edge XANES Spectroscopy Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3050-3056
63. Hitchcock, A. P.; Morin, C.; Heng, Y. M.; Cornelius, R. M.; Brash, J. L. Towards Practical Soft X ray Spectroscopy of Biomaterials J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed. 2002, 13, 919-937
64. Zhu, Q.; Money, S. L.; Russell, A. E.; Thomas, K. M. Determination of the Fate of Nitrogen Functionality in Carbonaceous Materials during Pyrolysis and Combustion Using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy Langmuir 1997, 13, 2149-2157
65. Menzies, D. J.; Cowie, B.; Fong, C.; Forsythe, J. S.; Gengenbach, T. R.; McLean, K. M.; Puskar, L.; Textor, M.; Thomsen, L.; Tobin, M.; Muir, B. W. One-Step Method for Generating PEG-like Plasma Polymer Gradients: Chemical Characterization and Analysis of Protein Interactions Langmuir 2010, 26, 13987-13994
66. Sheth, S. R.; Leckband, D. Measurements of Attractive Forces Between Proteins and End-Grafted Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94, 8399-8404