The relationship between socioeconomic status and ‘hardcore’ smoking over time - Greater accumulation of hardened smokers in low-ses than high-ses smokers

Tobacco Control

Volumn 23, Issue e2, 2014, Pages e133-e138

  Clare, Philip ^a   Bradford, Deborah ^a   Courtney, Ryan J ^a   Martire, Kristy ^b   Mattick, Richard P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AUSTRALIA; BEHAVIOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH DISPARITY; HUMAN; MALE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TOBACCO; TOBACCO USE DISORDER; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AUSTRALIA; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; INTENTION; MALE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SOCIAL CLASS; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; TOBACCO USE DISORDER; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84919862486     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051436     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. World Health Organization. WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package. Geneva: 2008.
2. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3:2011-30.
3. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504.
4. Johnson EO, Breslau N. Is the association of smoking and depression a recent phenomenon? Nicotine Tob Res 2006;8:257-62.
5. Hughes JR. The hardening hypothesis: is the ability to quit decreasing due to increasing nicotine dependence? A review and commentary. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011;117:111-7.
6. Costa ML, Cohen JE, Chaiton MO, et al. “Hardcore” definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2010;12:860-4.
7. Augustson EM, Marcus SE. Use of the Current Population Survey to characterize subpopulations of continued smokers: a national perspective on the “hardcore” smoker phenomenon. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6:621-9.
8. Emery S, Gilpin EA, Ake C, et al. Characterizing and identifying “Hard-Core” smokers: implications for further reducing smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 2000;90:387-94.
9. Jarvis MJ, Wardle J, Waller J, et al. Prevalence of hardcore smoking in England, and associated attitudes and beliefs: Cross sectional study. Br Med J 2003;326:1061-3.
10. Pierce JP, Farkas AJ, Gilpin EA. Beyond stages of change: the quitting continuum measures progress towards successful smoking cessation. Addiction 1998;93:277-86.
11. Warner KE, Burns DM. Hardening and the hard-core smoker: concepts, evidence, and implications. Nicotine Tob Res 20035:37-48.
12. Ferketich AK, Gallus S, Colombo P, et al. Hardcore smoking among Italian men and women. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009;18:100-5.
13. Lund M, Lund KE, Kvaavik E. Hardcore Smokers in Norway 1996-2009. Nicotine Tob Res 2011;13:1132-9.
14. MacIntosh H, Coleman T. Characteristics and prevalence of hardcore smokers attending UK general practitioners. BMC Family Practice 2006;7.
15. Sorg A, Xu J, Doppalapudi SB, et al. Hardcore smokers in a challenging tobacco control environment: The case of Missouri. Tob Control 2011;20:388-90.
16. Gartner C, Scollo M, Marquart L, et al. Analysis of national data shows mixed evidence of hardening among Australian smokers. Aust N Z J Public Health 2012;36:408-414.
17. Glover J, Hetzel D, Tennant S. The socioeconomic gradient and chronic illness and associated risk factors in Australia. Aust N Z Health Policy 2004;1:8.
18. Reid JL, Hammond D, Boudreau C, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2010;12:S20-3.
19. Siahpush M, English D, Powles J. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, Australia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:1077-9.
20. Siahpush M, McNeill A, Borland R, et al. Socioeconomic variations in nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit across four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control 2006;15:71-5.
21. Turrell G, Hewitt BA, Miller SA. The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:645-52.
22. Hiscock R, Bauld L, Amos A, et al. Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1248:107-23.
23. Gilman SE, Abrams DB, Buka SL. Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:802-8.
24. Cai L, Wu X, Goyal A, et al. Patterns and socioeconomic influences of tobacco exposure in tobacco cultivating rural areas of Yunnan Province, China. BMC Public Health 2012;12:842-9.
25. Siahpush M, Borland R, Yong H-H, et al. Socio-economic variations in tobacco consumption, intention to quit and self-efficacy to quit among male smokers in Thailand and Malaysia: results from the International Tobacco Control-South-East Asia (ITC-SEA) survey. Addiction 2008;103:502-8.
26. Carroll ME, Anker JJ, Perry JL. Modeling risk factors for nicotine and other drug abuse in the preclinical laboratory. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009;104(S):S70-8.
27. Barbeau EM, Krieger N, Soobader MJ. Working class matters: socioeconomic disadvantage, race/ethnicity, gender, and smoking in NHIS2000. Am J Public Health 2004;94:269-78.
28. Kotz D, West R. Explaining the social gradient in smoking cessation: it’s not in the trying, but in the succeeding. Tob Control 2009;18:43-6.
29. Martire KA, Mattick RP, Doran CM, et al. Cigarette tax and public health: what are the implications of financially stressed smokers for the effects of price increases on smoking prevalence? Addiction 2011;106:622-30.
30. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2001 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2002.
31. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2005.
32. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2008.
33. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report. Drug Statistics Series. Canberra: AIHW, 2011.
34. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Socio-economic indexes for areas (SEIFA)—technical paper 2011. Canberra: ABS; 2011.
35. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 11.2. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 2009.
36. Siahpush M, Borland R, Yong H-H, et al. Tobacco expenditure, smoking-induced deprivation and financial stress: results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:664-71.
37. Marti J. Successful smoking cessation and duration of abstinence-an analysis of socioeconomic determinants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7:2789-99.
38. Nagelhout GE, deKorte-de Boer D, Kunst AE, et al. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey BMC Public Health 2012;12.
39. Stewart DW, Adams CE, Cano MA, et al. Associations between health literacy and established predictors of smoking cessation. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:e43-9.
40. Siahpush M, Borland R, Scollo M. Smoking and financial stress. Tob Control 2003;12:60-6.
41. Siahpush M, Carlin JB. Financial stress, smoking cessation and relapse: results from a prospective study of an Australian national sample. Addiction 2006;101:121-7.
42. Siahpush M, Yong H-H, Borland R, et al. Smokers with financial stress are more likely to want to quit but less likely to try or succeed: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Addiction 2009;104:1382-90.