메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 37-45

Bioclimatic comfort and the thermal perceptions and preferences of beach tourists

Author keywords

Beach tourist; Caribbean; Coastal tourism; Thermal comfort; Thermal perception; Universal Thermal Climate Index

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BARBADOS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMIDITY; MALE; MICROCLIMATE; MIDDLE AGED; PERCEPTION; QUESTIONNAIRE; SAINT LUCIA; SWIMMING; TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE SENSE; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; WIND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84919837134     PISSN: 00207128     EISSN: 14321254     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0820-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (143)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 33746871118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean tourism: exploring the future with the tourism climate index
    • Amelung B, Viner D (2006) Mediterranean tourism: exploring the future with the tourism climate index. J Sustain Tour 14(4):349–366
    • (2006) J Sustain Tour , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 349-366
    • Amelung, B.1    Viner, D.2
  • 2
    • 33846505507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality
    • Amelung B, Nicholls S, Viner D (2007) Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. J Travel Res 45(2):85–296
    • (2007) J Travel Res , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 85-296
    • Amelung, B.1    Nicholls, S.2    Viner, D.3
  • 3
    • 80052061538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of temperature and wind by users of public outdoor spaces: relationships with weather parameters and personal characteristics
    • Andrade H, Alcoforado M-J, Oliveira S (2011) Perceptions of temperature and wind by users of public outdoor spaces: relationships with weather parameters and personal characteristics. Int J Biometeorol 5:665–680
    • (2011) Int J Biometeorol , vol.5 , pp. 665-680
    • Andrade, H.1    Alcoforado, M.-J.2    Oliveira, S.3
  • 4
    • 0345915516 scopus 로고
    • The globe thermometer in studies of heating and ventilation
    • Bedford T, Warner CG (1934) The globe thermometer in studies of heating and ventilation. Journal of Instrument Hygiene 34:428–432
    • (1934) Journal of Instrument Hygiene , vol.34 , pp. 428-432
    • Bedford, T.1    Warner, C.G.2
  • 5
    • 33745833042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general equilibrium analysis of climate change impacts on tourism
    • Berrittella M, Bigano A, Roson R, Tol RSJ (2006) A general equilibrium analysis of climate change impacts on tourism. Tour Manag 27:913–924
    • (2006) Tour Manag , vol.27 , pp. 913-924
    • Berrittella, M.1    Bigano, A.2    Roson, R.3    Tol, R.S.J.4
  • 7
    • 33746206289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of climate on holiday destination choice
    • Bigano A, Hamilton JM, Tol RSJ (2006) The impact of climate on holiday destination choice. Climate Change 76:389–406
    • (2006) Climate Change , vol.76 , pp. 389-406
    • Bigano, A.1    Hamilton, J.M.2    Tol, R.S.J.3
  • 9
    • 0031999635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review
    • Brager GS, de Dear RJ (1998) Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review. Energy Build 27(1):83–96
    • (1998) Energy Build , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-96
    • Brager, G.S.1    de Dear, R.J.2
  • 10
    • 84860372030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting urban outdoor thermal comfort by the Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI—a case study in Southern Brazil
    • Bröde P, Krüger EL, Rossi FA, Fiala D (2012) Predicting urban outdoor thermal comfort by the Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI—a case study in Southern Brazil. Int J Biometeorol 56:471–480
    • (2012) Int J Biometeorol , vol.56 , pp. 471-480
    • Bröde, P.1    Krüger, E.L.2    Rossi, F.A.3    Fiala, D.4
  • 11
    • 3142743130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality in tourism: issues and implications
    • Pergamon, London:
    • Butler R (2001) Seasonality in tourism: issues and implications. In: Baum T, Lundtorp S (eds) Seasonality in tourism. Pergamon, London
    • (2001) Seasonality in tourism
    • Butler, R.1    Baum, T.2    Lundtorp, S.3
  • 12
    • 84856544757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climate and bioclimate of Bursa (Turkey) from the perspective of tourism
    • Cahskan O, Cicek I, Matzarakis A (2012) The climate and bioclimate of Bursa (Turkey) from the perspective of tourism. Theor Appl Climatol 107:417–425
    • (2012) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.107 , pp. 417-425
    • Cahskan, O.1    Cicek, I.2    Matzarakis, A.3
  • 13
    • 84919859042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climat, meteorology et frequentation touristique
    • Ministere de L’Ecologie, de l’Eergie, du Developpement durable et de la Mer, Paris:
    • Credoc (2009) Climat, meteorology et frequentation touristique, rapport final. Ministere de L’Ecologie, de l’Eergie, du Developpement durable et de la Mer, Paris
    • (2009) rapport final
  • 14
    • 0035407602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment
    • de Dear R, Brager GS (2001) The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment. Int J Biometeorol 45:100–108
    • (2001) Int J Biometeorol , vol.45 , pp. 100-108
    • de Dear, R.1    Brager, G.S.2
  • 15
    • 0028698150 scopus 로고
    • Field experiments on occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a hot-humid climate
    • de Dear R, Fountain ME (1994) Field experiments on occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a hot-humid climate. ASHRAE Trans 100:457–474
    • (1994) ASHRAE Trans , vol.100 , pp. 457-474
    • de Dear, R.1    Fountain, M.E.2
  • 16
    • 0025152042 scopus 로고
    • Recreation climate assessment
    • de Freitas CR (1990) Recreation climate assessment. Int J Climatol 10:89–103
    • (1990) Int J Climatol , vol.10 , pp. 89-103
    • de Freitas, C.R.1
  • 17
    • 0742270644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector
    • de Freitas CR (2003) Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector. Int J Biometeorol 48(1):45–54
    • (2003) Int J Biometeorol , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-54
    • de Freitas, C.R.1
  • 18
    • 42149089204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification
    • de Freitas CR, Scott D, McBoyle G (2008) A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification. Int J Biometeorol 52:399–407
    • (2008) Int J Biometeorol , vol.52 , pp. 399-407
    • de Freitas, C.R.1    Scott, D.2    McBoyle, G.3
  • 19
    • 77955417947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate in the region of origin and destination choice in outbound tourism demand
    • Eugenio-Martin JL, Campos-Soria JA (2010) Climate in the region of origin and destination choice in outbound tourism demand. Tour Manag 31:744–753
    • (2010) Tour Manag , vol.31 , pp. 744-753
    • Eugenio-Martin, J.L.1    Campos-Soria, J.A.2
  • 21
    • 22544456871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weather, climate and tourism. A geographical perspective
    • Gomez-Martin MA (2005) Weather, climate and tourism. A geographical perspective. Ann Tour Res 32(3):571–591
    • (2005) Ann Tour Res , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-591
    • Gomez-Martin, M.A.1
  • 22
    • 33947307919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate potential and tourist demand in Catalonia (Spain) during the summer season
    • Gomez-Martin MA (2006) Climate potential and tourist demand in Catalonia (Spain) during the summer season. Clim Res 32:75–87
    • (2006) Clim Res , vol.32 , pp. 75-87
    • Gomez-Martin, M.A.1
  • 23
    • 0035689830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier?
    • Hall CM (2001) Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier? Ocean Coast Manag 44(9–10):601–618
    • (2001) Ocean Coast Manag , vol.44 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 601-618
    • Hall, C.M.1
  • 24
    • 84905770033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision-making
    • Gössling S, Hall CM, (eds), Routledge, London:
    • Hamilton JM, Lau MA (2005) The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision-making. In: Gössling S, Hall CM (eds) Tourism and global environmental change. Routledge, London, pp 229–250
    • (2005) Tourism and global environmental change , pp. 229-250
    • Hamilton, J.M.1    Lau, M.A.2
  • 25
    • 23844444762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study
    • Hamilton J, Maddison D, Tol RSJ (2005) Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study. Glob Environ Chang 15:253–266
    • (2005) Glob Environ Chang , vol.15 , pp. 253-266
    • Hamilton, J.1    Maddison, D.2    Tol, R.S.J.3
  • 26
    • 70449470781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impacts of climate change on tourism; a case study for Spain
    • Hein L, Metzger MJ, Moreno A (2009) Potential impacts of climate change on tourism; a case study for Spain. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 1(2):170–178
    • (2009) Curr Opin Environ Sustain , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 170-178
    • Hein, L.1    Metzger, M.J.2    Moreno, A.3
  • 27
    • 84987607194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holiday deal abroad vanish in rush to flee the rain. The Observer
    • Hill A (2009) Holiday deal abroad vanish in rush to flee the rain. The Observer, Sunday 9 August
    • (2009) Sunday 9 August
    • Hill, A.1
  • 28
    • 77955088073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trends in coastal tourism
    • Honey M, Krantz D (2007) Global trends in coastal tourism. Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: http://www.responsibletravel.org/resources/documents/reports/Global_Trends_in_Coastal_Tourism_by_CESD_Jan_08_LR.pdf Accessed 30 Sep 2013
    • (2007) Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development:
    • Honey, M.1    Krantz, D.2
  • 29
    • 84873482363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourists perceptions of extreme weather events in Martinique
    • Hübner A, Gössling S (2012) Tourists perceptions of extreme weather events in Martinique. J Destination Mark Manag 1:47–55
    • (2012) J Destination Mark Manag , vol.1 , pp. 47-55
    • Hübner, A.1    Gössling, S.2
  • 30
    • 84872115547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 7726: Thermal environments—Instruments and methods for measuring physical quantities: International Organization for Standardization 2nd edn
    • ISO, Geneva:
    • ISO (1998) ISO 7726: Thermal environments—Instruments and methods for measuring physical quantities: International Organization for Standardization 2nd edn. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva
    • (1998) International Organization for Standardization
  • 33
    • 33646501516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of culture and environmental attitude on thermal emotional and perceptual evaluations of a public square
    • Knez I, Thorsson S (2006) Influences of culture and environmental attitude on thermal emotional and perceptual evaluations of a public square. Int J Biometeorol 50:258–268
    • (2006) Int J Biometeorol , vol.50 , pp. 258-268
    • Knez, I.1    Thorsson, S.2
  • 34
    • 43949121934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal, emotional and perceptual evaluations of a park: Cross-cultural and environmental attitude comparison
    • Knez I, Thorsson S (2008) Thermal, emotional and perceptual evaluations of a park: Cross-cultural and environmental attitude comparison. Build Environ 43(9):1483–1490
    • (2008) Build Environ , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 1483-1490
    • Knez, I.1    Thorsson, S.2
  • 35
    • 57849090976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological mechanisms in outdoor place and weather assessment: towards a conceptual model
    • Knez I, Thorsson S, Eliasson I, Lindberg F (2009) Psychological mechanisms in outdoor place and weather assessment: towards a conceptual model. Int J Biometeorol 53:101–111
    • (2009) Int J Biometeorol , vol.53 , pp. 101-111
    • Knez, I.1    Thorsson, S.2    Eliasson, I.3    Lindberg, F.4
  • 36
    • 0036217860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations
    • Kozak M (2002) Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations. Tour Manag 23:221–232
    • (2002) Tour Manag , vol.23 , pp. 221-232
    • Kozak, M.1
  • 37
    • 67349130799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal perception, adaptation and attendance in a public square in hot and humid regions
    • Lin TP (2009) Thermal perception, adaptation and attendance in a public square in hot and humid regions. Build Environ 42:2017–2026
    • (2009) Build Environ , vol.42 , pp. 2017-2026
    • Lin, T.P.1
  • 38
    • 39449117345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism climate and thermal comfort in Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan
    • Lin TP, Matzarakis (2008) Tourism climate and thermal comfort in Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan. Int J Biometeorol 52:281–290
    • (2008) Int J Biometeorol , vol.52 , pp. 281-290
    • Lin, T.P.1    Matzarakis2
  • 39
    • 78751686462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thermal adaptation on seasonal outdoor thermal comfort
    • Lin TP, de Dear R, Hwang RL (2010) Effect of thermal adaptation on seasonal outdoor thermal comfort. Int J Climatol 31(2):302–312
    • (2010) Int J Climatol , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 302-312
    • Lin, T.P.1    de Dear, R.2    Hwang, R.L.3
  • 40
    • 0036890781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climate on tourist demand
    • Lise W, Tol RSJ (2002) Impact of climate on tourist demand. Climate Change 55(4):429–449
    • (2002) Climate Change , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 429-449
    • Lise, W.1    Tol, R.S.J.2
  • 41
    • 0002814084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weather and holiday preference—image, attitude and experience
    • Lohmann M, Kaim E (1999) Weather and holiday preference—image, attitude and experience. Rev Tour 2:54–64
    • (1999) Rev Tour , vol.2 , pp. 54-64
    • Lohmann, M.1    Kaim, E.2
  • 42
    • 0035041795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists
    • Maddison D (2001) In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists. Climate Change 49(1–2):193–208
    • (2001) Climate Change , vol.49 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 193-208
    • Maddison, D.1
  • 43
    • 79955011434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of webcam images to determine tourist–climate aptitude: favourable weather types for sun and beach tourism on the Alicante coast (Spain)
    • Martinez Ibarra E (2011) The use of webcam images to determine tourist–climate aptitude: favourable weather types for sun and beach tourism on the Alicante coast (Spain). Int J Biometeorol 55:373–385
    • (2011) Int J Biometeorol , vol.55 , pp. 373-385
    • Martinez Ibarra, E.1
  • 44
    • 78651104127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism climate information based on human thermal perception in Taiwan and Eastern China
    • Matzarakis A, Lin TP (2011) Tourism climate information based on human thermal perception in Taiwan and Eastern China. Tour Manag 32:492–500
    • (2011) Tour Manag , vol.32 , pp. 492-500
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Lin, T.P.2
  • 45
    • 0041905939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another kind of environmental stress: thermal stress. WHO collaborating centre for air quality management and air pollution control
    • Matzarakis A, Mayer H (1996) Another kind of environmental stress: thermal stress. WHO collaborating centre for air quality management and air pollution control. Newsletter 18:7–10
    • (1996) Newsletter , vol.18 , pp. 7-10
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 46
    • 0033210060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature
    • Matzarakis A, Mayer H, Iziomon MG (1999) Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. Int J Biometeorol 43:76–84
    • (1999) Int J Biometeorol , vol.43 , pp. 76-84
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Mayer, H.2    Iziomon, M.G.3
  • 48
    • 84884593920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of thermal bioclimate and tourism climate potential for central Europe—the example of Luxembourg
    • Matzarakis A, Rammelberg J, Junk J (2013) Assessment of thermal bioclimate and tourism climate potential for central Europe—the example of Luxembourg. Theor Appl Climatol 114:193–202
    • (2013) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.114 , pp. 193-202
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Rammelberg, J.2    Junk, J.3
  • 49
    • 0023500451 scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments
    • Mayer H, Höppe P (1987) Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theor Appl Climatol 38(1):43–49
    • (1987) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Mayer, H.1    Höppe, P.2
  • 50
    • 0022219973 scopus 로고
    • The tourism climate index: a method of evaluating world climates for tourism
    • Mieczkowski Z (1985) The tourism climate index: a method of evaluating world climates for tourism. Can Geogr 29:220–233
    • (1985) Can Geogr , vol.29 , pp. 220-233
    • Mieczkowski, Z.1
  • 51
    • 77956855028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of climate change on Caribbean tourism demand
    • Moore WR (2010) The impact of climate change on Caribbean tourism demand. Curr Issues Tour 13(5):495–505
    • (2010) Curr Issues Tour , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-505
    • Moore, W.R.1
  • 52
    • 77956924322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean tourism and climate (change): a survey-based study
    • Moreno A (2010) Mediterranean tourism and climate (change): a survey-based study. Tour Plan Dev 7:253–265
    • (2010) Tour Plan Dev , vol.7 , pp. 253-265
    • Moreno, A.1
  • 53
    • 70349667000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and tourist comfort on Europe’s beaches in summer: a reassessment
    • Moreno A, Amelung B (2009) Climate change and tourist comfort on Europe’s beaches in summer: a reassessment. Coast Manag 37:550–568
    • (2009) Coast Manag , vol.37 , pp. 550-568
    • Moreno, A.1    Amelung, B.2
  • 54
    • 70349673871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking beach recreation to weather conditions: a case study in Zandvoort, Netherlands
    • Moreno A, Amelung B, Santamarta L (2009) Linking beach recreation to weather conditions: a case study in Zandvoort, Netherlands. Tour Mar Environ 5(2–3):111–119
    • (2009) Tour Mar Environ , vol.5 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 111-119
    • Moreno, A.1    Amelung, B.2    Santamarta, L.3
  • 56
    • 61549096354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and tourism in northwestern Europe: impacts and adaptation
    • Nicholls S, Amelung B (2008) Climate change and tourism in northwestern Europe: impacts and adaptation. Tour Anal 13:21–31
    • (2008) Tour Anal , vol.13 , pp. 21-31
    • Nicholls, S.1    Amelung, B.2
  • 57
    • 0035055599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: understanding the human parameter
    • Nikolopoulou M, Baker N, Steemers K (2001) Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: understanding the human parameter. Sol Energy 70(3):227–235
    • (2001) Sol Energy , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-235
    • Nikolopoulou, M.1    Baker, N.2    Steemers, K.3
  • 58
    • 33744923716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries
    • Nikolopoulou M, Lykoudis S (2006) Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries. Build Environ 41:1455–1470
    • (2006) Build Environ , vol.41 , pp. 1455-1470
    • Nikolopoulou, M.1    Lykoudis, S.2
  • 59
    • 0037210644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces
    • Nikolopoulou M, Steemers K (2003) Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy Build 35:95–101
    • (2003) Energy Build , vol.35 , pp. 95-101
    • Nikolopoulou, M.1    Steemers, K.2
  • 60
    • 35248818737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An initial assessment of the bioclimatic comfort in an outdoor public space in Lisbon
    • Oliveira S, Andrade H (2007) An initial assessment of the bioclimatic comfort in an outdoor public space in Lisbon. Int J Biometeorol 52:69–84
    • (2007) Int J Biometeorol , vol.52 , pp. 69-84
    • Oliveira, S.1    Andrade, H.2
  • 61
    • 0042400378 scopus 로고
    • The role of personal control of the environment in thermal comfort and satisfaction at the workplace
    • Selby R, Anthony K, Choi J, Orland B, (eds), Environment Design Research Association, Oklahoma:
    • Paciuck M (1990) The role of personal control of the environment in thermal comfort and satisfaction at the workplace. In: Selby R, Anthony K, Choi J, Orland B (eds) Coming of age. Environment Design Research Association, Oklahoma
    • (1990) Coming of age
    • Paciuck, M.1
  • 63
    • 78149499655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future climate resources for tourism in Europe based on the daily Tourism Climate Index
    • Perch-Nielsen S, Amelung B, Knutt R (2010) Future climate resources for tourism in Europe based on the daily Tourism Climate Index. Climate Change 103(3/4):363–381
    • (2010) Climate Change , vol.103 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 363-381
    • Perch-Nielsen, S.1    Amelung, B.2    Knutt, R.3
  • 64
    • 84977738591 scopus 로고
    • Climate and weather information for the package holiday-maker
    • Perry A (1993) Climate and weather information for the package holiday-maker. Weather 48:410
    • (1993) Weather , vol.48 , pp. 410
    • Perry, A.1
  • 65
    • 84904685756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weather forecast use for winter recreation. Weather, Climate
    • Rutty M, Andrey J (2014) Weather forecast use for winter recreation. Weather, Climate, Society 1-13. doi:10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00052.1
    • (2014) Society , pp. 1-13
    • Rutty, M.1    Andrey, J.2
  • 66
    • 77956931902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the Mediterranean become “too hot” for tourism?: a reassessment
    • Rutty M, Scott D (2010) Will the Mediterranean become “too hot” for tourism?: a reassessment. Tour Plan Dev 7:267–281
    • (2010) Tour Plan Dev , vol.7 , pp. 267-281
    • Rutty, M.1    Scott, D.2
  • 67
    • 84889015026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential climate preferences of international beach tourists
    • Rutty M, Scott D (2013) Differential climate preferences of international beach tourists. Clim Res 57:259–269
    • (2013) Clim Res , vol.57 , pp. 259-269
    • Rutty, M.1    Scott, D.2
  • 70
    • 27744536764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America
    • Scott D, McBoyle G, Schwartzentruber M (2004) Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America. Clim Res 27:105–117
    • (2004) Clim Res , vol.27 , pp. 105-117
    • Scott, D.1    McBoyle, G.2    Schwartzentruber, M.3
  • 71
    • 67549129167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate preferences for tourism: evidence from Canada, New Zealand and Sweden
    • Scott D, Gössling S, de Freitas C (2008) Climate preferences for tourism: evidence from Canada, New Zealand and Sweden. Clim Res 38:61–73
    • (2008) Clim Res , vol.38 , pp. 61-73
    • Scott, D.1    Gössling, S.2    de Freitas, C.3
  • 72
    • 0037400604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia
    • Spagnolo J, de Dear RJ (2003) A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia. Build Environ 38(5):721–738
    • (2003) Build Environ , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 721-738
    • Spagnolo, J.1    de Dear, R.J.2
  • 73
    • 34548714506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting
    • Thorsson S, Lindberg F, Eliasson I, Holmer B (2007) Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting. Int J Climatol 27(14):1983–1993
    • (2007) Int J Climatol , vol.27 , Issue.14 , pp. 1983-1993
    • Thorsson, S.1    Lindberg, F.2    Eliasson, I.3    Holmer, B.4
  • 74
    • 1642570453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal bioclimatic conditions and patterns of behaviour in an urban park in Göteborg, Sweden
    • Thorsson S, Lindqvist M, Lindqvist S (2004) Thermal bioclimatic conditions and patterns of behaviour in an urban park in Göteborg, Sweden. Int J Biometeorol 48:149–156
    • (2004) Int J Biometeorol , vol.48 , pp. 149-156
    • Thorsson, S.1    Lindqvist, M.2    Lindqvist, S.3
  • 75
    • 84919859037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Sustainable Coastal Tourism. An integrated planning and management approach. UNEP: Accessed 30 Sep 2013
    • United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Sustainable Coastal Tourism. An integrated planning and management approach. UNEP: http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx1091xPA-SustainableCoastalTourism-Planning.pdf Accessed 30 Sep 2013
  • 76
    • 84987658256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edition
    • United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) UNWTO tourism highlights, 2013 Edition. UNWTO: http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_lr.pdf. Accessed 30 Sep 2013
    • (2013) UNWTO:
  • 78
    • 84919858936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (2011) Travel & tourism economic impact 2011 Caribbean. Accessed 30 Sep 2013
    • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (2011) Travel & tourism economic impact 2011 Caribbean. http://www.tourismiskey.com/downloads/2011/WTTC_Tourism2011.pdf Accessed 30 Sep 2013


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.