An experiment on anonymity and multi-user virtual environments: Manipulating identity to increase learning from online collaborative discussion

International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 53-64

  Landers, Richard N ^a   Callan, Rachel C ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anonymity; Chat Room; Experiment; Identity; Learning; Multi User Virtual Environment (MUVE); Psychology; Second Life; Virtual World

Indexed keywords

EXPERIMENTS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIAL NETWORKING (ONLINE);

ANONYMITY; CHAT ROOMS; IDENTITY; LEARNING; MULTI-USER VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; PSYCHOLOGY; SECOND LIFE; VIRTUAL WORLDS;

E-LEARNING;

EID: 84919487728     PISSN: 19423888     EISSN: 19423896     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4018/ijgcms.2014040105     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Alonzo, M., & Aiken, M. (2004). Flaming in electronic communication. Decision Support Systems, 36(3), 205-213. doi:10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00190-2
2. Baltes, B. B., Dickson, M. W., Sherman, M. P., Bauer, C. C, & LaGanke, J. S. (2002). Comptuer-mediated communication and group decision making: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 87(1), 156-179. doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2961
3. Childress, M. D., & Braswell, R. (2006). Using massively multiplayer online role-playing games for online learning. Distance Education, 27(2), 187-196. doi:10.1080/01587910600789522
4. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
5. Cormier, D. (2009). MUVE eventedness: An experience like any other. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 543-546. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00956.x
6. Davis, A., Murphy, J., Owens, D., Khazanchi, D., & Zigurs, I. (2009). Avatars, people, and virtual worlds: Foundations for research in meta verses. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(2), 90-117.
7. Delwiche, A. (2006). Massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) in the new media classroom. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9, 160-172.
8. Dickey, M. D. (2005). Three-dimensional virtual worlds and distance learning: Two case studies of Active Worlds as a medium for distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 439-451. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00477.x
9. El-Shinnawy, M., & Vinze, A. S. (1997). Technology, culture, and persuasiveness: A study of choiceshifts in group settings. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, 47(3), 473-496. doi:10.1006/ijhc.1997.0138
10. Herold, D. K. (2012). Second life and academia: Reframing the debate between supporters and critics. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Retrieved from http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/6156/5976
11. Jessup, L. M., Connolly, T., & Galegher, J. (1990). The effects of anonymity on GDSS group process with an idea-generating task. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 14(3), 313-321. doi:10.2307/248893
12. Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 602-611. doi:10.2307/2392366
13. Jong, B.-S., Lai, C.-H., Hsia, Y.-T., & Lin, T.-W. (2013). Effects of anonymity in group discussion on peer interaction and learning achievement. IEEE Transactions on Education, 56(3), 292-299. doi:10.1109/TE.2012.2217379
14. Ketelhut, D. J., & Nelson, B. C. (2010). Designing for real-world scientific inquiry in virtual environments. Educational Research, 52(2), 151-167. doi: 10.1080/00131881.2010.482741
15. Kim, S. H., Lee, J., & Thomas, M. K. (2012). Between purpose and method: A review of educational research on 3D virtual worlds. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Retrieved from http://jvwr-ojs-utexas. tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/2151/5973
16. King, E. B., Madera, J. M., Hebl, M. K., Knight, J. L., & Mendoza, S. A. (2004). Career self-management: Its nature, causes and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 112-133. doi:10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00052-6
17. Landers, R. N., & Callan, R. C. (2012). Training evaluation in virtual worlds: Development of a model. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Retrieved from http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/6335/6300
18. Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27-50. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00302.x
19. Liu, C. (2009). Second life learning community: A peer-based approach to involving more faculty members in Second Life. Proceedings of the Second Life Education Workshop at the Second Life Community Convention, 6-10.
20. Mania, K., Wooldridge, D., Coxon, M., & Robinson, A. (2006). The effects of visual and interaction fidelity on spatial cognition in immersive virtual environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(3), 396-404. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2006.55 PMID:16640253
21. Montoya, M. M., Massey, A. P., & Lockwood, N. S. (2011). 3D collaborative virtual environments: Exploring the link between collaborative behaviors and team performance. Decision Sciences, 42(2), 451-476. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.2011.00318.x
22. Paradise, A. (2008). 2008 state of the industry in leading enterprises: ASTD's annual review of trends in workplace learning and performance. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training & Development.
23. Reinig, B. A., & Mejias, R. J. (2004). The effects of national culture and anonymity on flaming and criticalness in GSS-supported discussions. Small Group Research, 35(6), 698-723. doi:10.1177/1046496404266773
24. Salmon, G. (2009). The future for (second) life and learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 526-538. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00967.x
25. Sia, C.-L., Tan, B. C. Y., & Wei, K.-K. (2002). Group polarization and computer-mediated communication: Effects of communication cues, social presence, and anonymity. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 70-90. doi:10.1287/isre.13.1.70.92
26. Steinkuehler, C. A., & Williams, D. (2006). Where everybody knows your (screen) name: Online games as "third places.". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(4), 885-909. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00300.x
27. van der Land, S., Schouten, A. P., van den Hooff, B., & Feldberg, F. (2011). Modelling the metaverse: A theoretical model of effective team collaboration in 3D virtual environments. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, 4,. Retrieved from http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/6126
28. van Deusen-Scholl, N., Frei, C., & Dixon, E. (2005). Coconstructing learning: The dynamic nature of foreign language pedagogy in a CMC environment. CALICO Journal, 22, 657-678.
29. von der Emde, S., Schneider, J., & Kotter, M. (2001). Technically speaking: Transforming language learning through virtual learning environments (MOOs). Modern Language Journal, 85(2), 210-225. doi:10.1111/0026-7902.00105
30. Wang, F., & Burton, J. K. (2013). Second Life in education: A review of publications from its launch to 2011. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(3), 357-371. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01334.x
31. Wang, F., & Lockee, B. B. (2010). Virtual worlds in distance education: A content analysis study. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11, 183-186.
32. Yap, J. (2011). Virtual world labyrinth: An interactive maze that teaches computing. Proceedings of the Defense Science Research Conference and Expo (DSR), 2011, 1-6. doi:10.1109/DSR.2011.6026883