Population-Based Study of Food Insecurity and HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors and Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Linked Couples in Nepal

AIDS and Behavior

Volumn 18, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2187-2197

  Tsai, Alexander C ^a,b,c   Weiser, Sheri D ^d  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c MBARARA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Uganda)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Food insecurity; HIV; Nepal

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CATERING SERVICE; CONDOM; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEPAL; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRANSMISSION; UNSAFE SEX; UTILIZATION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONDOMS; FEMALE; FOOD SUPPLY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEPAL; RISK FACTORS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNSAFE SEX; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84919429128     PISSN: 10907165     EISSN: 15733254     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0794-z     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Weiser SD, Leiter K, Bangsberg DR, et al. Food insufficiency is associated with high-risk sexual behavior among women in Botswana and Swaziland. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1589–97.
2. Miller CL, Bangsberg DR, Tuller DM, et al. Food insecurity and sexual risk in an HIV endemic community in Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1512–9.
3. Tsai AC, Leiter K, Wolfe WR, et al. Prevalence and correlates of forced sex perpetration and victimization in Botswana and Swaziland. Am J Pub Health. 2011;101(6):1068–74.
4. Davidoff-Gore A, Luke N, Wawire S. Dimensions of poverty and inconsistent condom use among youth in urban Kenya. AIDS Care. 2011;23(10):1282–90.
5. Tsai AC, Hung KJ, Weiser SD. Is food insecurity associated with HIV risk? Cross-sectional evidence from sexually active women in Brazil. PLoS Med. 2012;9(4):e1001203.
6. Kalichman SC, Watt M, Sikkema K, Skinner D, Pieterse D. Food insufficiency, substance use, and sexual risks for HIV/AIDS in informal drinking establishments, Cape Town, South Africa. J Urban Health. 2012;89(6):939–51.
7. McCoy SI, Ralph LJ, Njau PF, Msolla MM, Padian NS. Food insecurity, socioeconomic status, and HIV-related risk behavior among women in farming households in Tanzania. AIDS Behav. 2013. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0629-3.
8. Weiser SD, Young SL, Cohen CR, et al. Conceptual framework for understanding the bidirectional links between food insecurity and HIV/AIDS. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(6):1729S–39S.
9. Tomlinson M, Rohleder P, Swartz L, Drimie S, Kagee A. Broadening psychology’s contribution to addressing issues of HIV/AIDS, poverty and nutrition: structural issues as constraints and opportunities. J Health Psychol. 2010;15(7):972–81.
10. Sharpe TT, Voute C, Rose MA, Cleveland J, Dean HD, Fenton K. Social determinants of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases among black women: implications for health equity. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012;21(3):249–54.
11. Oyefara JL. Food insecurity, HIV/AIDS pandemic and sexual behaviour of female commercial sex workers in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. SAHARA J. 2007;4(2):626–35.
12. Robinson J, Yeh E. Transactional sex as a response to risk in western Kenya. Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2011;3(1):35–64.
13. Robinson J, Yeh E. Risk-coping through sexual networks: evidence from client transfers in Kenya. J Hum Resour. 2012;47(1):107–45.
14. Fielding-Miller R, Mnisi Z, Adams D, Baral S, Kennedy C. There is hunger in my community: a qualitative study of food security as a cyclical force in sex work in Swaziland. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:79.
15. Chen L, Huq E, D’Souza S. Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Popul Dev Rev. 1981;7(1):55–70.
16. Behrman J. Intrahousehold allocation of nutrients in rural India: are boys favored? Do parents exhibit inequality aversion? Oxford Econ Papers. 1988;40(1):32–54.
17. Senauer B, Garcia M, Jacinto E. Determinants of the intrahousehold allocation of food in the rural Philippines. Am J Agricult Econ. 1988;70(1):170–80.
18. Svedberg P. Undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: is there a gender bias? J Dev Stud. 1990;26(3):469–86.
19. Gittelsohn J. Opening the box: intra household food allocation in rural Nepal. Soc Sci Med. 1991;33(10):1141–54.
20. Gittelsohn J, Thapa M, Landman LT. Cultural factors, caloric intake and micronutrient sufficiency in rural Nepali households. Soc Sci Med. 1997;44(11):1739–49.
21. Shelton JD, Cassell MM, Adetunji J. Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV? Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1057–8.
22. Lachaud JP. HIV prevalence and poverty in Africa: micro- and macro-econometric evidences applied to Burkina Faso. J Health Econ. 2007;26(3):483–504.
23. Mishra V, Assche SB, Greener R, et al. HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 7):S17–28.
24. Msisha WM, Kapiga SH, Earls F, Subramanian SV. Socioeconomic status and HIV seroprevalence in Tanzania: a counterintuitive relationship. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(6):1297–303.
25. Vogenthaler NS, Kushel MB, Hadley C, et al. Food insecurity and risky sexual behaviors among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1688–93.
26. Sikweyiya Y, Jewkes R. Force and temptation: contrasting South African men’s accounts of coercion into sex by men and women. Cult Health Sex. 2009;11(5):529–41.
27. Moore AM, Madise N, Awusabo-Asare K. Unwanted sexual experiences among young men in four sub-Saharan African countries: prevalence and context. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(9):1021–35.
28. Ministry of Health and Population (Nepal). Nepal Country Progress Report 2012. Teku, Kathmandu: National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Ministry of Health and Population; 2012.
29. Furber AS, Newell JN, Lubben MM. A systematic review of current knowledge of HIV epidemiology and of sexual behaviour in Nepal. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7(2):140–8.
30. Sharma M, Oppenheimer E, Saidel T, Loo V, Garg R. A situation update on HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs and national responses in South-East Asia Region. AIDS. 2009;23(11):1405–13.
31. Suvedi BK. Transition of HIV epidemic in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2006;4(1):115–8.
32. Regmi P, Simkhada P, van Teijlingen ER. Sexual and reproductive health status among young peoples in Nepal: opportunities and barriers for sexual health education and services utilization. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2008;6(2):248–56.
33. Aral SO. Behavioral aspects of sexually transmitted diseases: core groups and bridge populations. Sex Transm Dis. 2000;27(6):327–8.
34. Patterson TL, Volkmann T, Gallardo M, et al. Identifying the HIV transmission bridge: which men are having unsafe sex with female sex workers and with their own wives or steady partners? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(4):414–20.
35. Joshi NP, Maharjan KL, Piya L. Poverty and food insecurity in Nepal: a review. J Int Dev Coop. 2010;16(2):1–19.
36. Ministry of Health and Population (Nepal), New ERA, and ICF International, Inc. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu: Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International; 2012.
37. Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Development of a universally applicable household food insecurity measurement tool: process, current status, and outstanding issues. J Nutr. 2006;136(5):1449S–52S.
38. Osei A, Pandey P, Spiro D, et al. Household food insecurity and nutritional status of children aged 6–23 months in Kailali District of Nepal. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31(4):483–94.
39. Deitchler M, Ballard T, Swindale A, Coates J. Validation of a measure of household hunger for cross-cultural use. Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development; 2010.
40. Williams R. Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. Stata J. 2012;12(2):308–31.
41. Worth D. Sexual decision-making and AIDS: why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail. Stud Fam Plann. 1989;20(6 Pt 1):297–307.
42. Holland J, Ramazanoglu C, Scott S, Sharpe S, Thomson R. Sex, gender and power: young women’s sexuality in the shadow of AIDS. Sociol Health Illn. 1990;12(3):336–50.
43. Mays VM, Cochran SD. Issues in the perception of AIDS risk and risk reduction activities by black and Hispanic/Latina women. Am Psychol. 1988;43(11):949–57.
44. Ghimire L, Smith WC, van Teijlingen ER, Dahal R, Luitel NP. Reasons for non- use of condoms and self- efficacy among female sex workers: a qualitative study in Nepal. BMC Women’s Health. 2011;11:42.
45. Kim J, Ferrari G, Abramsky T, et al. Assessing the incremental effects of combining economic and health interventions: the IMAGE study in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(11):824–32.
46. Dunkle KL, Stephenson R, Karita E, et al. New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia and Rwanda: an analysis of survey and clinical data. Lancet. 2008;371(9631):2183–91.
47. Thapa S, Bista N, Timilsina S, Buntinx F, Mathei C. Social and behavioral risk factors for HIV infection among the wives of labor migrants in Nepal. Int J STD AIDS. 2014. doi:10.1177/0956462414521162.
48. Lokshin M, Glinskaya E. The effect of male migration on employment patterns of women in Nepal. World Bank Econ Rev. 2009;23(3):481–507.
49. Maharjan A, Bauer S, Knerr B. Do rural women who stay behind benefit from male out-migration? A case study in the hills of Nepal. Gend Technol Dev. 2012;16(1):95–123.
50. Smith-Estelle A, Gruskin S. Vulnerability to HIV/STIs among rural women from migrant communities in Nepal: a health and human rights framework. Reprod Health Matters. 2003;11(22):142–51.
51. Nandini A. Engendered mobilization: the key to livelihood security: IFAD’s experience in South Asia. Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development; 1999.
52. Dunkle KL, Wingood GM, Camp CM, DiClemente RJ. Economically motivated relationships and transactional sex among unmarried African American and white women: results from a U.S. national telephone survey. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(Suppl 4):90–100.
53. Jones AD, Ngure FM, Pelto G, Young SL. What are we assessing when we measure food security? A compendium and review of current metrics. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(5):481–505.
54. Tsai AC. A typology of structural approaches to HIV prevention: a commentary on Roberts and Matthews. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(9):1562–7.
55. Bonell C, Hargreaves J, Strange V, Pronyk P, Porter J. Should structural interventions be evaluated using RCTs? The case of HIV prevention. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(5):1135–42.