Prevention of childhood malnutrition: Immensity of the challenge and variety of strategies

Paediatrics and International Child Health

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 271-278

  Duggan, Maureen B ^a,b,c  

^a MBARARA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Uganda)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Community based therapeutic care; Nutrition sensitive intervention; Nutrition specific intervention; Nutritional supplementation; Scaling up nutrition; Urban poverty and nutrition

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CATCH UP GROWTH; CHILD HEALTH; CHILD NUTRITION; CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION; COMMUNITY CARE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; EDUCATION; EMPOWERMENT; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; INCOME; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTERVENTION STUDY; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITION EDUCATION; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; SCALE UP; STRATEGIC PLANNING; STUNTING; UNDERWEIGHT; URBAN POPULATION; URBANIZATION; VACCINATION; WASTING SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; CATERING SERVICE; CHILD; HEALTH; HEALTH SERVICE; INFANT; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FOOD SUPPLY; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALNUTRITION;

EID: 84919383438     PISSN: 20469047     EISSN: 20469055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000139     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. World Health Organization. Millennium Development Goals. Fact sheet no. 290, 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs290/en/
2. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2013; pp 8–10, 46–49. Rome: FAO, 2013. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/ 018/i3434e/i3434e.pdf
3. SUN Countries: Progress Reports, 2013. Available from: http://scalingupnutrition.org/resources-archive/country-resources/progress-in-the-sun-movement
4. de Onis M, Onyango A, Borghi I, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school aged children and adolescents. Bull WHO. 2007;85:660–7.
5. Wright CM, Garcia AL. Child undernutrition in affluent societies: what are we talking about? Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;71:545–55.
6. de Onis M, Brown D, Blossner M, Borghi E. UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition, 2012. Available from: http://www.qho.int/…jme_unicef_who_wb.pdf
7. Story M, Strauss KF, Zephier E, Broussard BA. Nutritional concerns in American Indian and Alaskan Native children. J Acad Nutr Dietet. 1998;98:170–6.
8. Gracey M. Historical, cultural, political, and social influences on dietary patterns and nutrition in Australian Aboriginal children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(l): 1361–7S.
9. Freedom from Hunger for Children Under Six. An Outline for Save the Children and Civil Society Involvement in Childhood Undernutrition in India. New Delhi: SCF India, 2009. Available from: http://www.savethechildren.in/custom/recent-publication/Freedom_from_Hunger_for_Children_ Under_Six.pdf
10. Janevic T, Petrovic O, Bjelic I, Kubera A. Risk factors for childhood malnutrition in Roma settlements in Serbia. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:509–17.
11. Diaz JR, de las Cagigas A, Rodrıguez R. Micronutrient deficiencies in developing Countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57 (1):S70–2.
12. McCatty M. The Process of Rural–Urban Migration in Developing Countries. Ottawa: Carleton University, 2004; BSc thesis, pp 6–13, 40–52. Available from: www.carleton.ca/economics/wp-content/uploads/he-mccatty-machel.pdf
13. Wang X, Taniguchi K. Does better nutrition enhance economic growth? The economic cost of hunger. In: Taniguchi K, ed. Nutrition Intake and Economic Growth. Rome: FAO, 2003. Available from: www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4850e/y4850e04.htm
14. Headey D. Turning Economic Growth into Nutrition-sensitive Growth. 2020 Conference, Leveraging Agriculture for Improving Nutrition and Health, New Delhi, India, p 6; 10– 12 February 2011. Available from: http://www.ifpri.org/sites/ default/files/publications/oc69ch05.pdf
15. Garcia V. Children Malnutrition and Horizontal Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Contrasting Domestic Trajectories. Addis Ababa: UNDP Regional Bureau, 2012; working paper 2012–019. Available from: http://www.undp.org/…/rba/…/Child%20Malnutrition%20and%20Inequality.p…
16. Fotso JC. Urban–Rural Differentials in Child Malnutrition: Trends and Socioeconomic Correlates in Sub-Saharan Africa. Health Place 2007;13:205–223. Available from: http://irnegotiation0708.pbworks.com/f/downloadzmalnutrit.pdf
17. Frimpong JA, Pongou R. Does Economic Growth Improve Child Health? Understanding Discordant Trends in Malnutrition Indicators during the Economic Growth in Ghana. Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting, 2008; pp 1–53. Available from: http://www.paa2008.princeton.edu/papers/81708
18. Chowdhury AMR, Bhuiya A, Chowdhury ME, Rasheed S, Hussain Z, Chen LC. Bangladesh: Innovation for Universal Health Coverage 1; The Bangladesh paradox: exceptional health achievement despite economic poverty. Lancet. 2013;382:1734–45.
19. Ahmed T, Mahfuz M, Ireen S, Ahmed AMS, Rahman S, Islam MM, et al. Nutrition of women and children in Bangladesh: trends and directions for the future. J Health Popul Nutr. 2012;30:1–11.
20. Mohiddin L, Phelps L, Walters T. 2012 Urban Malnutrition: a Review of Food Security and Nutrition among the Urban Poor. London: Nutrition Works. International Public Nutrition Resource Group, 2012; pp 19–35. Available from: http://www.eldis.org/go/home&id565680&type5Document
21. Sen A. Poverty as capability deprivation. In: Sen A. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor, Random House, 1999; pp 87–110.
22. Smith LC, Ruel MT, Ndiaye A. Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than rural areas? World Dev. 2005;33:1285–1305.
23. Food and Agriculture Organisation. An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. Food Security for Action, Practical Guides. Rome: FAO, 2008.
24. Ruel MT, Alderman H, Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? Lancet. 2013;382:336–51.
25. Arnold C, Conway T, Greenslade M. Cash Transfers: Evidence Paper. London: Department for International Development, 2011. Available from: http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type5Document&id54104
26. Manley J, Gitter S, Slavchevska V. How Effective are Cash Transfer Programmes at Improving Nutritional Status? University of London, EPPI Social Sciences Research Unit, Institute of Education, 2012. Available from: http://www.r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/…/Q33-Cash-transfers-2012Manley-rae.pd…
27. Engle PL, Fernald LCH, Alderman H, Behrman J, O’Gara C, Yousafzai A, et al. Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2011;378:1339–1353.
28. Smith B, Smitasari S. A framework for nutrition education programmes. In: Nutrition Education for the Public. Rome: FAO, paper 62 in Discussion Papers of the FAO Expert Consultation, Rome 18–22 September, 1995. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/w3733e/w3733e00.htm
29. Maiga EWH. The Impact of Mother’s Education on Child Health and Nutrition in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Burkina Faso. Accra, Ghana: African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), presented at the 17th annual conference, Kampala, Uganda, 2012. Available from: http://www.afdb.org/…/the-impact-of-maternal-education-on-child-health-and
30. Darnton-Hill I. Nutrition Counselling During Pregnancy: Biological, Behavioural and Contextual Rationale. Geneva: WHO. 2013 Available from: http://www.who.int/elena/bbc/nutrition_counselling_pregnancy/en/
31. Christian P, Lee SE, Donahue Angel M, Adair LS. Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt109
32. Khan AZ, Rafique G, Qureshi H, Badruddin SH. A Nutrition Education Intervention to Combat Undernutrition: Experience from a Developing Country, 2013. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/nutrition/2013/210287/cta
33. Cherian A, Duggan MB, Sterken E. The epidemiology of malnutrition in young children in Zaria, Nigeria. Ecol Food Nutr. 1984;16:1–13.
34. Brown LV, Zeitlin MF, Peterson KE, Chowdhury AMR, Rogers BL, Weld LH, et al. Evaluation of the impact of weaning food messages on infant feeding practices and child growth in rural Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:994–1003.
35. CTC Research and Development Programme, a collaboration between Valid International and Concern Worldwide. Community-based Therapeutic Care (CTC), A Field Manual, 1st edn. Oxford: Valid International, 2006. Available from: http://www.concernusa.org/media/pdf/2007/10/ctc_manual_v1_oct06.pdf
36. Collins S, Sadler K, Dent N, Khara T, Guerrero S, Myatt M, et al. Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition. WHO, UNICEF and SCN informal consultation mission on the community-based management of severe malnutrition in children. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27:S49–82.
37. Khara T, Collins S. Community Based Therapeutic Care. Special Supplement Series No. 2. Oxford: Emerg Nutr Network (ENN), 2004. Available from: http://www.concernusa.org/media/pdf/2007/10/ENN_CTCsupplement23.pdf
38. Duggan MB. The elephant moves into the sunlight: progress in childhood malnutrition. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012;32:190–203.
39. Hotz C, Gibson RS. Traditional food-processing and preparation practices to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based diets. J Nutr. 2007;137:1097–100.
40. Rathod P, Udipi SA. The nutritional quality and acceptability of weaning foods incorporating amaranth. Food Nutr Bull. 1991;13:58–64.
41. Sharma A. Assessment of low cost weaning food on children’s health – intervention at farm level. Indian J Sci Res Techn. 2013;1:18–24.
42. Al-Othman AM, Khan MA, Al-Kanhal MA. Nutritional evaluation of some commercial baby foods consumed in Saudi Arabia. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 1997;48:229–36.
43. Garcia AL, Raza S, Parrett A, Wright C. Nutritional content of infant commercial weaning foods in the UK. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98:793–7.
44. Sajitala G, Singhal RS, Kulkarni PR. Weaning foods: a review of the Indian experience. Food Nutr Bull. 2002;23:208–26.
45. Keusch G. The history of nutrition: malnutrition, infection and immunity. J Nutr. 2003;133:336–40S.
46. Campos F, Flores H, Underwood BA. Effect of an infection on vitamin A status of children as measured by the relative dose response (RDR). Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;46:91–4.
47. Duggan MB, Alwar J, Milner RDG. The nutritional cost of measles in Africa. Arch Dis Child. 1986; 61:61–6.
48. West CE. Vitamin A and measles. Nutr Rev. 2000;58:46–54.
49. Hussey GD, Klein M. A randomised controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:60–64.
50. World Health Organisation. Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6–59 Months of Age. Geneva: WHO, 2011. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/…/guidelines/vas_6to59_months/en/
51. Arbelaez MP, Nelson KE, Munoz A. BCG vaccine effectiveness in preventing tuberculosis and its interaction with human immunodeficiency virus. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;25:1085–91.
52. United Nations Children’s Fund. Africa’s Orphaned and Vulnerable Generations: Children Affected by AIDS. New York: UNICEF, 2006. Available from: http://www..unicef.org/…/Africas_Orphaned_and_Vulnerable_Generations_Chi…
53. Willumsen JF. Nutrition Recommendations for HIV-infected Children. Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/nutrition_hiv_children/en/
54. World Health Organization. Guidelines for an Integrated Approach to the Nutritional care of HIV-infected Children (6 months–14 years). Preliminary version for country introduction. Geneva: WHO, 2009. Available from: www.who.int/nutrition/publications/hivaids/9789241597524/en/
55. Jahoor F, Abramson S, Heird WC. The protein metabolic response to HIV infection in young children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:182–9.
56. Friis H. Micronutrients and HIV Infection: a Review of Current Evidence. Consultation on Nutrition and HIV/AIDs in Africa. Evidence Lessons and Recommendations for Action. Geneva: WHO, 2005. Available from: www.who.int/…/ Paper%20Number%202%20-%20Micronutrients.pdf
57. Duggan MB. Human malnutrition: twin burdens of undernutrition and overnutrition. In: Bose K, ed. Micronutrient Deficiency and Excess: A Global Perspective. New York: Nova, 2012; pp 93–120.
58. Brazionis L, Golley RK, Mittinty MN, Smithers LG, Emmett P, Northstone K, et al. Characterization of transition diets spanning infancy and toddlerhood: a novel, multiple-time-point application of principal components analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:1200–8.
59. State of the SUN Movement: Progress Report, 2013. Available from: http://www.scalingupnutrition.org/…/2013/…/SUN_Progress_Report_2013_ENGLIS