Mediators of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): Assessing the Timing and Sequence of Change in Cancer Patients

Journal of Clinical Psychology

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 21-40

  Labelle, Laura E ^a   Campbell, Tavis S ^a   Faris, Peter ^a   Carlson, Linda E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cancer; Mindfulness; meditation; emotion regulation; mechanisms

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; CANCER CARE FACILITIES; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MEDITATION; METHODS; MIDDLE AGED; MINDFULNESS; NEOPLASMS; PSYCHOLOGY; SELF REPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAITING LISTS;

ADULT; AGED; CANCER CARE FACILITIES; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MEDITATION; MIDDLE AGED; MINDFULNESS; NEOPLASMS; SELF REPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAITING LISTS;

EID: 84917735536     PISSN: 00219762     EISSN: 10974679     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22117     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Baer, R. A. (2011). Measuring mindfulness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 241-261.
2. Baer, R. A., Carmody, J., & Hunsinger, M. (2012). Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 755-765.
3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Cenceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
5. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11, 230-241.
6. Branstrom, R., Kvillemo, P., Brandberg, Y., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2010). Self-report mindfulness as a mediator of psychological well-being in a stress reduction intervention for cancer patients-A randomized study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 39(2), 151-161.
7. Branstrom, R., Kvillemo, P., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2011). A randomized study of the effects of mindfulness training on psychological well-being and symptoms of stress in patients treated for cancer at 6-month follow-up. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(4), 535-542.
8. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.
9. Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Addressing fundamental questions about mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 272-281.
10. Campbell, T. S., Labelle, L. E., Bacon, S. L., Faris, P., & Carlson, L. E. (2011). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on attention, rumination and resting blood pressure in women with cancer: A waitlist-controlled study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35(3), 262-271.
11. Carlson, L. E., Angen, M., Cullum, J., Goodey, E., Koopmans, J., Lamont, L., Bultz, B. D. (2004). High levels of untreated distress and fatigue in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 90(12), 2297-2304.
12. Carlson, L. E., & Brown, K. W. (2005). Validation of the mindful attention awareness scale in a cancer population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 29-33.
13. Carlson, L. E., Doll, R., Stephen, J., Faris, P., Tamagawa, R., Drysdale, R., & Speca, M. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cancer recovery versus supportive expressive group therapy for distressed survivors of breast cancer (MINDSET). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(25), 3119-3126.
14. Carlson, L. E., & Speca, M. (2010). Mindfulness-based cancer recovery: A step-by-step MBSR approach to help you cope with treatment and reclaim your life. Oakville, CA: New Harbinger.
15. Carlson, L. E., & Thomas, B. C. (2007). Development of the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory (C-SOSI). International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14(4), 249-256.
16. Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23-33.
17. Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., Lykins, E. L. B., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 613-626.
18. Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 560-572.
19. Coffey, K. A., & Hartman, M. (2008). Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13(2), 79-91.
20. Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1(4), 235-253.
21. Davidson, R. J. (2010). Empirical explorations of mindfulness: Conceptual and methodological conundrums. Emotion, 10(1), 8-11.
22. Dobkin, P. L. (2008). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: What processes are at work? Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 14(1), 8-16.
23. Feingold, A. (2009). Effect sizes for growth-modeling analysis for controlled clinical trials in the same metric as for classical analysis. Psychological Methods, 14(1), 43-53.
24. Fritz, M. S., & Mackinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233-239.
25. Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59-67.
26. Garland, S. N., Carlson, L. E., Stephens, A. J., Antle, M. C., Samuels, C., & Campbell, T. S. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction compared with cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia comorbid with cancer: A randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.47.7265
27. Garland, S. N., Tamagawa, R., Todd, S. C., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2013). Increased mindfulness is related to improved stress and mood following participation in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program in individuals with cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 12, 31-40.
28. Grabovac, A. D., Lau, M. A., & Willett, B. R. (2011). Mechanisms of mindfulness: A Buddhist psychological model. Mindfulness, 2(3), 154-166.
29. Grossman, P., & Van Dam, N. T. (2011). Mindfulness, by any other name: Trials and tribulations of sati in western psychology and science. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 219-239.
30. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420.
31. Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255-262.
32. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578.
33. Hayes, S. C., Villatte, M., Levin, M., & Hildebrandt, M. (2011). Open, aware, and active: Contextual approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 141-168.
34. Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17(2), 289-303.
35. Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.
36. Henderson, V. P., Clemow, L., Massion, A. O., Hurley, T. G., Druker, S., & Hebert, J. R. (2012). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life in early-stage breast cancer patients: A randomized trial. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 131(1), 99-109.
37. Hoffman, C. J., Ersser, S. J., Hopkinson, J. B., Nicholls, P. G., Harrington, J. E., & Thomas, P. W. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in mood, breast- and endocrine-related quality of life, and well-being in stage 0 to III breast cancer: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(12), 1335-1342.
38. Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., SchumanOlivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 537-559.
39. Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S. C., Mills, P. J., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. E. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(1), 11-21.
40. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacourt.
41. Kazdin, A. E. (2006). Mechanisms of change in psychotherapy: Advances, breakthroughs, and cutting-edge research (do not yet exist). In R. R. Bootzin & P. E. McKnight (Eds.), Strengthening research methodology: Psychological measurement and evaluation (pp. 77-101). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
42. Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. G., & Agras, W. S. (2002). Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(10), 877-883.
43. Labelle, L. E., Campbell, T. S., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in oncology: Evaluating mindfulness and rumination as mediators of change in depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 1(1), 28-40.
44. Laurenceau, J. P., Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. C. (2007). Some methodological and statistical issues in the study of change processes in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(6), 682-695.
45. Leckie, M. S., & Thompson, E. (1979). Symptoms of stress inventory. Seattle WA: University of Washington.
46. Ledesma, D., & Kumano, H. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cancer: A meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 18(6), 571-579.
47. Lengacher, C. A., Johnson-Mallard, V., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M. S., Jacobsen, P. B., Klein, T. W., Kip, K. E. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 18(12), 1261-1272.
48. Liu, G., & Gould, A. L. (2002). Comparison of alternative strategies for analysis of longitudinal trials with dropouts. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 12, 207-226.
49. MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York, NY: Lauwrence Erlbaum Associates.
50. MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593-614.
51. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
52. McNair, D. A., Lorr, M., & Droppelman, L. F. (1971). Profile of mood states. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
53. Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 28(6), 487-495.
54. Moyer, A., Goldenberg, M., Hall, M. A., Knapp-Oliver, S. K., Sohl, S. J., Sarma, E. A., & Schneider, S. (2012). Mediators of change in psychosocial interventions for cancer patients: A systematic review. Behavioral Medicine, 38(3), 90-114.
55. Nyklicek, I., & Kuijpers, K. F. (2008). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: Is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(3), 331-340.
56. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731.
57. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Heirarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
58. Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., & Congdon, R. (2004). HLM 6 for Windows. Skokie, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
59. Schroevers, M., Ranchor, A. V., & Sanderman, R. (2006). Adjustment to cancer in the 8 years following diagnosis: A longitudinal study comparing cancer survivors with healthy individuals. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 63(3), 598-610.
60. Shapiro, S. L., Bootzin, R. R., Figueredo, A. J., Lopez, A. M., & Schwartz, G. E. (2003). The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: An exploratory study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 85-91.
61. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373-386.
62. Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: Effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840-862.
63. Speca, M., Carlson, L. E., Goodey, E., & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: The effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(5), 613-622.
64. Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76, 284-304.
65. Van Wielingen, L. E., Carlson, L. E., & Campbell, T. S. (2007). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), blood pressure, and psychological functioning in women with cancer. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(Meeting Abstracts), A43.
66. Vettese, L. C., Toneatto, T., Stea, J. N., Nguyen, L., & Wang, J. J. (2009). Do mindfulness meditation participants do their homework? And does it make a difference? A review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 198-225.
67. Whitaker, K. L., Watson, M., & Brewin, C. R. (2009). Intrusive cognitions and their appraisal in anxious cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 18(11), 1147-1155.
68. Wurtzen, H., Dalton, S. O., Elsass, P., Sumbundu, A. D., Steding-Jensen, M., Karlsen, R. V., Johansen, C. (2013). Mindfulness significantly reduces self-reported levels of anxiety and depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial among 336 Danish women treated for stage I-III breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 49(6), 1365-1373.