Youth, sport, and physical activity

Children and Exercise XXVIII: The Proceedings of the 28th Pediatric Work Physiology Meeting

Volumn 9780203404584, Issue , 2013, Pages 5-30

  Malina, Robert M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917419569     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203404584     Document Type: Chapter

References (111)

1. AAHPER, 1952, Desirable Athletic Competition for Children: Joint Committee Report. (Washington, DC: American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation).
2. Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Peltonen, J., Kujala, U.M. and Kaprio J., 2002, Stability of leisure-time physical activity during adolescence-a longitudinal study among 16-, 17- and 18-year-old Finnish youth. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 12, pp. 179-185.
3. Adams, J., 2006, Trends in physical activity and inactivity amongst US 14-18 year olds by gender, school grade and race, 1993-2003: Evidence from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. BMC Public Health, 6, pp. 57 (1-7).
4. American Academy of Pediatrics, 1956, Report, committee on school health, competitive athletics. Pediatrics, 18, 672-676.
5. Andersen, L.B., Froberg, K., Kristensen, P.L., Moller, N.C., Resaland, G.K. and Anderssen, S.A., 2010, Secular trends in physical fitness in Danish adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, pp. 757-763.
6. Barnekow-Bergkvist, M., Hedberg, G., Janlert, U. and Jansson, E., 2001, Adolescent determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adult men and women. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 29, pp. 208-217.
7. Barnett, L.M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P.J., Brooks, L.O. and Beard, J.R., 2008, Does childhood motor skill proficiency predict adolescent fitness? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, pp.2137-2144.
8. Barnett, L.M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P.J., Brooks, L.O. and Beard, J.R., 2009, Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, pp. 252-259.
9. Bedale, E.M., 1922-1923, Energy expenditure and food requirements of children at school. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B Biological Sciences, 94B, pp. 368-404.
10. Berryman, J.W., 1975, From the cradle to the playing field: America’s emphasis on highly organized competitive sports for preadolescent boys. Journal of Sport History, 2, pp. 112-131.
11. Center for Public Education, 2008, Time out: Is recess in danger? http://www.centerforpubliceducation.org/Main-Menu/Organizing-a-school/Time-out-Is-recess-in-danger accessed January 10, 2013.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011, Physical activity levels of high school students - United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60, pp. 773-777.
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61, pp. 1-162.
14. Child Trends Data Bank, 2012, Participation in school athletics. http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org accessed February 8, 2013.
15. Church, T.S., Thomas, D.M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Earnest, C.P., Rodarte, R.Q., Martin, C.K., Blair, S.N. and Bouchard, C., 2011, Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One, 6, e19657.
16. Croswell, T.R., 1899, Amusements of Worcester school children. Pedagogical Seminary, 6, pp. 314-371.
17. Curtis, H.S., 1917, The Play Movement and Its Significance. (Washington, D.C.: McGrath Publishing Company).
18. Daly, R.M., Rich, P.A. and Klein, R., 1998, Hormonal responses to physical training in high-level peripubertal male gymnasts. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 79, pp. 74-81.
19. Daly, R.M., Rich, P.A., Klein, R. and Bass S., 1999, Effects of high-impact exercise on ultrasonic and biochemical indices of skeletal status: A prospective study in young male gymnasts. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 14, pp. 1222-1230.
20. De Knop, P., Engstrom, L-M., Skirstad, E. and Weiss, M.R. (editors), 1996, Worldwide Trends in Youth Sport. (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).
21. Dimock, H.S., 1937, Rediscovering the Adolescent: A Study of Personality Development in Adolescent Boys. (New York: Association Press).
22. Dollman, J. 2003, Trends and sociodemographic distribution of children’s health- related fitness and behaviours. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus.
23. Dollman, J., Norton, K. and Norton, L., 2005, Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behavior. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, pp. 892-897.
24. Eiồsdóttir, S.P., Kristjánsson, A.L., Sigfúsdóttir, I.D. and Allegrante, J.P., 2008, Trends in physical activity and participation in sports clubs among Icelanding adolescents. European Journal of Public Health, 18, pp. 289-293.
25. Eisenmann, J., Katzmarzyk, P.T. and Tremblay, M.S., 2004, Leisure-time physical activity levels among Canadian adolescents, 1981-1998. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1, pp. 154-162.
26. Eisenmann, J.C. and Malina, R.M., 2002, Secular change in peak oxygen consumption among United States youth in the 20th century. American Journal of Human Biology, 14, pp. 699-706.
27. Faude, O., Kerper, O. and Multhaupt, M., 2010, Football to tackle overweight in children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, pp. 103-110.
28. Floud, R., Fogel, R.W., Harris, B. and Hong, S.C., 2011, The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press).
29. Foster, J.S., 1930, Play activities of children in the first six grades. Child Development, 1, pp. 248-254.
30. Gems, G.R., 1993, Sport, religion, and Americanization: Bishop Sheil and the Catholic Youth Organization. International Journal of the History of Sport, 10, pp. 233-241.
31. Godina, E.Z., 1998, Secular changes in Russia and the former Soviet Union. in Secular Growth Changes in Europe, edited by Bodzsar, E.B. and Susanne, C. (Budapest: Eotvos University Press), pp. 351–367.
32. Gutowski, T.W., 1988, Student initiative and the origins of high school extracurriculum: Chicago, 1980–1915. History of Education Quarterly, 28, pp.49–72.
33. Hainline, B., 2012, Positioning Youth Tennis for Success. (White Plains, NY: United States Tennis Association).
34. Hardy, L.L., Okely, A.D., Dobbins, T.A. and Booth, M.L., 2008, Physical activity among adolescents in New South Wales (Australia): 1997 and 2004. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, pp. 835–841.
35. Heebøll-Nielsen, K., 1982, Muscle strength of boys and girls, 1981 compared to 1956. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Sciences, 4, pp. 37–43.
36. Hofferth, S.L., 2009, Changes in American children’s time - 1997 to 2003. International Journal of Time Use Research, 6, pp.26–47.
37. Hofferth, S.L. and Sandberg, J.F., 2001a, Changes in American children’s time, 1981–1997. Advances in Life Course Research, 6, pp. 193–229.
38. Hofferth, S.L. and Sandberg, J.F., 2001b, How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, pp. 295–308.
39. Journal of Health and Physical Education, 1932, Trend of athletics in junior high schools (editorial). Journal of Health and Physical Education, 3, p. 22.
40. Juster, F.T., Ono, H. and Stafford, F.P., 2004, Changing times of American youth: 1981–2003. Child Development Supplement. (Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan).
41. Katzmarzyk, P.T. and Malina, R.M., 1998, Contributions of organized sports participation to estimated daily energy expenditure in youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 10, pp. 378–386.
42. Katzmarzyk, P.T., Walker, P. and Malina, R.M., 2001, A time-motion study of organized youth sports. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 40, pp. 325–334.
43. Kolle, E., Steene-Johannessen, J., Klasson-Heggebø, K., Andersen, L.B. and Anderssen, S.A., 2009, A 5-yr change in Norwegian 9-yr-olds’ objectively assessed physical activity level. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41, pp. 1368–1373.
44. Lewis, N., Dollman, J. and Dale, M., 2007, Trends in physical activity behaviours and attitudes among South Australian youth between 1985 and 2004. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10, pp. 418–427.
45. Li, S., Treuth, M.S. and Wang, Y., 2010, How active are American adolescents and have they become less active? Obesity Reviews, 11, pp. 847–862.
46. Lowman, C.L., 1947, The vulnerable age. Journal of Health and Physical Education, 18, pp. 635–636.
47. Mackett, R.L. and Paskins, J., 2008, Children’s physical activity: The contribution of playing and walking. Child and Society, 22, pp. 345–357.
48. Malina, R.M., 1978, Secular changes in growth, maturation, and physical performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 6, pp. 203–255.
49. Malina, R.M., 2007, Physical fitness of children and adolescents in the United States: status and secular change. Medicine and Sports Science, 50, pp. 67–90.
50. Malina, R.M., 2013, Motor development and performance. in Conditions of Children’s Talent Development in Sport, edited by Cote, J., Lidor, R. (Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology), pp. 61–83.
51. Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C. and Bar-Or, O., 2004, Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity, 2nd edition. (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).
52. Masters, R., van der Kamp, J. and Capio, C., 2013, Implicit motor learning by children. in Conditions of Children’s Talent Development in Sport, edited by Cote, J. and Lidor, R. (Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology), pp. 21–39.
53. Matton, L., Duvigneaud, N., Wijndaele, K., Philippaerts, R., Duquet, W., Beunen, G., Claessens, A.L., Thomis, M. and Lefevre, J., 2007, Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005. American Journal of Human Biology, 19, pp. 345–357.
54. McCurdy, J.H., 1913, Physical efficiency tests during adolescence. Transactions of the Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography, 3, pp. 420–428.
55. McGhee, Z., 1900, A study of the play life of some South Carolina children. Pedagogical Seminary, 7, pp. 459–478.
56. Mirel, J., 1982, From student control to institutional control of high school athletics: Three Michigan cities, 1883–1905. Journal of Social History, 16, pp. 83–100.
57. Møller, N.C., Kristensen, P.L., Wedderkopp, N., Andersen, L.B. and Froberg, K., 2009, Objectively measured habitual physical activity in 1977/1998 vs 2003/2004 in Danish children: The European Youth Heart Study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19, pp. 19–29.
58. National Federation of State High School Associations, 1999–2000, History and origins. in NFHS Handbook. (Indianapolis, IN: National Federation of State High School Associations).
59. Ng, S.W. and Popkin, B., 2012, Time use and physical activity: A shift away from movement across the globe. Obesity Reviews, 13, pp. 659–680.
60. Nishijima, T., Kokudo, S. and Ohsawa, S., 2003a, Changes over the years in physical and motor ability in Japanese youth in 1964–97. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1, 164–170.
61. Nishijima, T., Nakano, T., Takahashi, S., Suzuki, K., Yamada, H., Kokudo, S. and Obsawa, S., 2003b. Relationship between changes over the years in physical ability and exercise and sports activity in Japanese youth. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1, pp. 110–118.
62. North, C.C., 1931,The Community and Social Welfare: A Study of Community Organization. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company).
63. Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D. and Flegal, K.M., 2008, High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003, 2006. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, pp. 2401–2405.
64. Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C.J. and Flegal, K.M., 2006, Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, pp. 1549–1555.
65. Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Lamb, M.M. and Flegal, K.M., 2010, Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007–2008. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, pp. 242–249.
66. Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Kit, B.K. and Flegal, K.M., 2012, Prevalence of obesity and trends in the body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307, pp. 483–490.
67. Ogden, C.L., Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D. and Johnson, C.L., 2002, Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, pp. 1728–1732.
68. Okely, A.D., Booth, M.L., Hardy, L., Dobbins, T. and Denney-Wilson, E., 2008, Changes in physical activity participation from 1985 to 2004 in a statewide survey of Australian adolescents. Archives of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 162, pp. 176–180.
69. Perkins, D.F., Jacobs, J.E., Barber, B.L. and Eccles, J.S., 2004, Childhood and adolescent sports participation as predictors of participation in sports and physical fitness activities during young adulthood. Youth and Society, 35, pp. 495–520.
70. Pfeiffer, K.A., Dowda, M., Dishman, R.K., McIver, K.L., Sirard, J.R., Ward, D.S. and Pate, R.R., 2006, Sport participation and physical activity in adolescent females across a four year period. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, pp. 523–529.
71. Pieronek, C., 1994, A clash of titans: College football v. Title IX. Journal of College and University Law, 3, pp. 351–381.
72. Playground Association of America, 1913, The athletic badge test for boys. The Playground, 7, pp. 33–37, 57–60.
73. Pop Warner Little Scholars 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Warner_Little_Scholars, accessed April 1, 2013.
74. Przewęda, R. and Dobosz, J., 2003, Kondycja fizyczna Polskiej młodzieży. Studia i Monografie, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, no. 98.
75. Raczek, J., 2002, Entwicklungsveranderungen der motorischen Leistungsfahigkeit der Schuljugend in drei Jahrehnten (1965–1995). Sportwissenschaft, 32, pp. 201–216.
76. Reichert, J.L., 1958, Competitive athletics for pre-teen-age children: A challenge to physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association, 166, pp. 1701–1707.
77. Reilly, F.J., 1917, New Rational Athletics for Boys and Girls. (New York: D.C Heath and Company).
78. Ribeyre, J., Fellmann, N., Montaurier, C., Delaître, M., Vernet, J., Coudert, J. and Vermorel, M., 2000, Daily energy expenditure and its main components as measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry in athletic and non-athletic adolescents. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, pp. 355–362.
79. Rice, E.A., 1939, A Brief History of Physical Education. (New York: A.S. Barnes and Company).
80. Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G. and Roberts, D.F., 2010, Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year Olds. (Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation).
81. Ridley, K., Ainsworth, B.E. and Olds, S., 2008, Development of a compendium of energy expenditures for youth. International Journal of Behavior, Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5, pp. 45–52.
82. Ridley, K. and Olds, T.S., 2008, Assigning energy costs to activities in children: A review and synthesis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, pp. 1439–1446.
83. Ross, K.L., 2003, Historical statistics and analysis on unemployment, poverty, urbanization, etc., in the United States. http://www.friesian.com/stats.htm, accessed 22 November 2010.
84. Samdal, O., Tynjäla, J., Roberts, C., Sallis, J.F., Villberg, J. and Wold, B., 2007, Trends in vigorous physical activity and TV watching of adolescents from 1986 to 2002 in seven European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 17, pp. 242–248.
85. Schwendener, N., 1932, Game preferences of 10,000 fourth grade children. Doctoral dissertation, (New York, Columbia University).
86. Scott, P.M., 1953, Attitudes towards athletic competition in elementary schools. Research Quarterly, 24, pp. 352–361.
87. Seabra, A.C., Seabra, A.F., Brito, J., et al. No date, Effects of a 6-month soccer intervention program on psychological well-being and body composition in overweight boys: A pilot study. Under review.
88. Shingo, N. and Takeo, M., 2002, The educational experiments of school health promotion for the youth of Japan: Analysis of the ‘sport test’ over the past 34 years. Health Promotion International, 17, pp. 147–160.
89. Stone, W.L. 1931, What is Boys’ Work. (New York: Association Press).
90. Strong, W.B., Malina, R.M., Blimkie, C.J.R., Daniels, S.R., Dishman, R.K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A.C., Must, A., Nixon, P.A., Pivarnik, J.M., Rowland, T., Trost, S. and Trudeau, F., 2005, Evidence-based physical activity for school youth. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, pp. 732–737.
91. Sutton-Smith, B. and Rosenberg, B.G., 1961, Sixty years of historical change in the game preferences of American children. Journal of American Folklore, 74, pp. 17–46.
92. Tammelin, T., Nayha, S., Hills, A.P. and Järvelin, M.R., 2003, Adolescent participation in sports and adult physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24, pp. 22–28.
93. Tandon, P.S., Saelens, B.E., Zhou, C., Kerr, J. and Christakis, D.A., 2013, Indoor versus outdoor time in preschoolers at child care. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 44, pp. 85–88.
94. Tandon, P.S., Zhou, C. and Christakis, D.A., 2012, Frequency of parent-supervised outdoor play of US preschool-aged children. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 166, pp. 707–712.
95. Telama, R. and Laakso, L., 2009, Secular trends in youth physical activity and parents’ socioeconomic status from 1977 to 2005. Pediatric Exercise Science, 21, pp. 462–474.
96. Telama, R., Laakso, L. and Yang, X., 1994, Physical activity and participation in sports of young people in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 4, pp. 65–74.
97. Telama, R., Laakso, L., Yang, X. and Vikari, J., 1997, Physical activity in childhood and adolescents as predictor of physical activity in young adulthood. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13, pp. 317–323.
98. Telama, R., Yang, X., Hirvensalo, M. and Raitakari, O., 2006, Participation in organized youth sport as a predictor of adult physical activity: A 21-year longitudinal study. Pediatric Exercise Science, 17, pp.76–88.
99. Terman, L.M., 1926, Genetic Studies of Genius. Volume I. Mental and Physical Traits of a Thousand Gifted Children, 2nd edition (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
100. Thompson, A., Baxter-Jones, A.D.G., Mirwald, R.L. and Bailey, D.A., 2003, Comparison of physical activity in male and female children: Does maturation matter? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, pp. 1684–1690.
101. Thrasher, F.M., 1927. The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
102. Tomkinson, G.R., 2006, Global changes in anaerobic fitness test performance of children and adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 17, pp. 497–507.
103. Tomkinson, G.R. and Olds, T.S., 2007, Secular changes in pediatric aerobic fitness test performance: The global picture. Medicine and Sport Science, 50, pp. 46–66.
104. Trost, S.G., Pate, R.R., Saunders, R.P., Ward, D.S., Dowda, M. and Felton, G., 1997, A prospective study of the determinants of physical activity in rural fifth-grade children. Preventive Medicine, 26, pp. 257–263.
105. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2006, The Condition of Education 2006. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).
106. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, Objectives PA-3.1, 3.2, 3.3. in Health People 2020. (Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). (Available at http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020).
107. Weintraub, D.L., Tirumalai, E.C., Haydel, K.F., Fujimoto, M., Fulton, J.E. and Robinson, T.N., 2008, Team sports for overweight children: the Stanford Sports to Prevent Obesity Randomized Trial (SPORT). Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 162, pp. 232–237.
108. Westerstahl, M., Barnekow-Bergkvist, M., Hedberg, G. and Jansson, E., 2003, Secular trends in body dimensions and physical fitness among adolescents in Sweden from 1974 to 1995. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 13, pp. 128–137.
109. White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, 1931, White House Conference 1930. (New York: The Century Company).
110. Wickel, E.E. and Eisenmann, J.C., 2007, Contribution of youth sport to total daily physical activity among 6- to 12-yr-old boys. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, pp.1493–1500.
111. Wrotniak, B.H., Epstein, L.H., Dorn, J.M., Jones, K.E. and Kondilis, V.A., 2006, The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Pediatrics, 118, pp. e1758–1765.