Gender and work in urban China: Women workers of the unlucky generation

Gender and Work in Urban China: Women Workers of the Unlucky Generation

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-178

  Jieyu, Liu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917379507     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203964934     Document Type: Book

References (213)

1. Acker, J. (1990) 'Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations', Gender and Society, 4(2):139-158.
2. Acker, J. (1992) 'Gendering Organizational Theory', in A. J. Mills and P. Tancred (eds) Gendering Organizational Analysis. Newbury Park: Sage, pp. 248-260.
3. Acker, J. (1998) 'The Future of "Gender and Organizations": Connections and Boundaries', Gender, Work and Organization, 5(4):195-206.
4. Adkins, L. (1995) Gendered Work: Sexuality, Family and the Labour Market. Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
5. Andors, P. (1983) The Unfinished Revolution of Chinese Women, 1949-1980. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6. Appleton, S., Knight, J., Song, Lina and Xia, Qingjie (2002) 'Labor Retrenchment in China: Determinants and Consequences', China Economic Review, 13:252-275.
7. Aslanbeigui, N., Pressman, S. and Summerfield, G. (eds) (1994) Women in the Age of Economic Transformation: Gender Impact of Reforms in Post-socialist and Developing Countries. London: Routledge.
8. Association of Social Anthropologists of the Commonwealth (1999) Ethical Guidelines for Good Research Practice. http://www.theasa.org/ethics.htm [accessed 1 August 2004].
9. Barlow, T. (2004) The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
10. Barter, C. and Renold, E. (2002) 'The Use of Vignettes in Qualitative Research', Social Research Update, issue 25, http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/SRU25.html [accessed 20 August 2004].
11. Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2001) Individualization. Sage: London.
12. Bian, Fuqin, Logan, J. R. and Bian, Yanjie (1998) 'Intergenerational Relations in Urban China: Proximity, Contact, and Help to Parents', Demography, 35(1):115-124.
13. Bian, Yanjie (1994) Work and Inequality in Urban China. Albany: State University of New York.
14. Bian, Yanjie and Li Yu(2001)'Social Network Capital in Chinese Urban Families', Tsinghua Sociological Review, 2:1-18.
15. Bian, Yanjie, Logan, J. R. and Shu, Xiaoling (2000) 'Wage and Job Inequalities in the Working Careers of Men and Women in Tianjin', in B. Entwisle and G. Henderson (eds) Re-drawing Boundaries: Gender, Households, and Work in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 111-133.
16. Bishop, J. A., Feijun Luo and Fang Wang (2005) 'Economic Transition, Gender Bias, and the Distribution of Earnings in China', Economics of Transition, 13(2):239-259.
17. Bonnin, M. (2006) 'The "Lost Generation": Its Definition and Its Role in Today's Chinese Elite Politics', Social Research, 73(1):245-274.
18. Bourdieu, P. (1986) 'The Forms of Social Capital', in J. E. Richardson (ed.) Handbook of Theory for Research in the Sociology of Education. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 241-258.
19. Bradley, H. (1999) Gender and Power in the Workplace: Analyzing the Impact of Economic Change. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
20. Bray, D. (2005) Social Space and Governance in Urban China: The Danwei System from Origins to Reform. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
21. British Sociological Association (2002) Statement of Ethical Practice for the British Sociological Association, March 2002. http://www.britsoc.co.uk/index.php?link_id=14&area=item1 [accessed 1 August 2004].
22. Brownell, S. and Wasserstrom, J. N. (eds) Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press.
23. Cai, Yongsun (2006) State and Laid-off Workers in Reform China: The Silence and Collective Action of the Retrenched. London: Routledge.
24. Callaway, H. (1992) 'Ethnography and Experience: Gender Implications in Fieldwork and Texts', in J. Okely and H. Callaway (eds) Anthropology and Autobiography. New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, pp. 29-49.
25. Carlitz, K. (1994) 'Desire, Danger, and the Body: Stories of Women's Virtue in Late Ming China', in C. Gilmartin, et al. (eds) Engendering China: Women, Culture and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101-124.
26. Carrasco, C. and Mayordomo, M. (2005) 'Beyond Employment: Working Time, Living Time', Time and Society, 14(2/3):231-259.
27. Cattell, M. G. and Climo, J. J. (2002) 'Meaning in Social Memory and History: Anthropological Perspectives', in J. J. Climo. and M. G. Cattell (eds) Social Memory and History: Anthropological Perspectives. Walnut Creek, Lanham, New York and Oxford: Altamira Press, pp. 1-36.
28. Chambers, D. A. (1986) 'The Constraints of Work and Domestic Schedules on Women's Leisure', Leisure Studies, 5:309-325.
29. Chang, Jung (1993) Wild Swans, Three Daughters of China. London: Flamingo.
30. Cockburn, C. (1981) 'The Material of Male Power', Feminist Review, 9:41-58.
31. Cockburn, C. (1991) In the Way of Women: Men's Resistance to Sex Equality in Organizations. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
32. Coleman, J. S. (1990) Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
33. Cook, S. (2002) 'From Rice Bowl to Safety Net: Insecurity and Social Protection during China's Transition', Development Policy Review, 20(5):615-635.
34. Cornwell, J. (1984) Hard-Earned Lives: Accounts of Health and Illness from East London. London: Tavistock.
35. Croll, E. J. (1983) Chinese Women Since Mao. London: Zed Books.
36. Croll, E., Davin, D. and Kane, P. (1985) China's One-Child Family Policy. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
37. Crompton, R. and Lyonette, C. (2005) 'The New Gender Essentialism - Domestic and Family "Choices" and Their Relation to Attitudes', The British Journal of Sociology, 56(4):601-620.
38. Davies, K. (1990) Women, Time, and the Weaving of the Strands of Everyday Life. Aldershot: Avebury.
39. Davin, D. (1976) Woman-work: Women and the Party in Revolutionary China. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
40. Davin, D. (1998)'Gender Implications of Reform in China'], in Qiu Renzong; Jin Yihong and Wang Yanguang (eds) [Chinese Women and Feminist Thought. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, pp. 13-24.
41. Deem, R. (1986) All Work and No Play?: A Study of Women and Leisure. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
42. Delphy, C. (1993) 'Rethinking Sex and Gender', Women's Studies International Forum, 16(1):1-9.
43. Delphy, C. and Leonard, D. (2002) 'The Variety of Work Done by Wives', in S. Jackson and S. Scott (eds) Gender: A Sociological Reader. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 170-179.
44. Doherty, J. P., Norton, E. C. and Veney, J. E. (2001) 'China's One-Child Policy: The Economic Choices and Consequences Faced by Pregnant Women', Social Science & Medicine, 52(5):745-761.
45. Dong, Xiao-Yuan (2003) 'China's Urban Labour Market Adjustment: A Literature Review', for East Asia Human Development Sector Unit, World Bank.
46. Dong, Xiao-Yuan and Putterman, L. (2002) 'China's State-Owned Enterprises in the First Reform Decade: An Analysis of a Declining Monopsony', Economics of Planning, 35:109-139.
47. Dong, Xiao-Yuan, Yang Jianchun, Du Fenglian and Ding Sai (2005) 'Women's Employment and Public-Sector Restructuring: The Case of Urban China', in G. Lee and M. Warner (eds) Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labor Markets. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
48. Duara, P. (1998) 'The Regime of Authenticity: Timelessness, Gender, and National History in Modern China', History and Theory, 37(3):287-308.
49. Edwards, L. (2000) 'Women in the People's Republic of China: New Challenges to the Grand Gender Narrative', in L. Edwards and M. Roces (eds) Women in Asia: Tradition, Modernity and Globalization. Sydney: Allen & Unwin; Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 59-84.
50. Einhorn, B. (1993) Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women's Movements in East Central Europe. London and New York: Verso.
51. Etter-Lewis, Gwendolyn (1991) 'Black Women's Life Stories: Reclaiming Self in Narrative Texts', in S. B. Gluck and D. Patai (eds) Women's Words: the feminist Practice of Oral History. London: Routledge, pp. 43-58.
52. Finch, J. (1987) 'The Vignette Technique in Survey Research', Sociology, 21(1):105-114.
53. Fong, V. (2004) Only Hope: Coming of Age under China's One-Child Policy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
54. Francis, C.-B. (1996) 'Reproduction of Danwei Institutional Features in the Context of China's Market Economy: The Case of Haidian District's High-Tech Sector', China Quarterly, 147:839-859.
55. Gaetano, A. M. and Jacka, T. (eds) (2004) On the Move: Women in Rural-to- Urban Migration in Contemporary China. New York: Columbia University Press.
56. Ge, Lunhong (2001) 'A Girl Goes to Work in the Countryside during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-78)', Women's History Review, 10(1):105-118.
57. Giles, J., Park, A. and Cai Fang (2006) 'How has Economic Restructuring Affected China's Urban Workers?', The China Quarterly, 185:61-95.
58. Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
59. Gold, T., Guthrie, D. and Wank, D. (eds) (2002) Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture, and the Changing Nature of Guanxi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Gong, Ting. (2002) 'Women's Unemployment, Re-employment, and Self-employment in China's Economic Restructuring', in Esther Ngan-ling, Chow (ed.) Transforming Gender and Development in East Asia. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 125-139.
61. Green, E., Hebron, S. and Woodward, D. (1990) Women's Leisure, What Leisure? Basingstoke: Macmillan.
62. Gu, Edward X. (1999) 'From Permanent Employment to Massive Layoffs: The Political Economy of "Transitional Unemployment" in Urban China (1993-8)', Economy and Society, 28(2):281-299.
63. Gu, Edward X. (2000) 'Massive Layoffs and the Transformation of Employment Relations in Urban China', Labour, Capital and Society, 33(1):46-74.
64. Gu Zhaonong (2000) 'The Issue of Medical Insurance Reform Schedules in Nanjing'], People's Newspaper, Dec. 18, 2000. http://www.unn.com.cn/GB/channel26/164/540/200012/18/19602.html[accessed on 20 August 2004].
65. Hakim, C. (1979) Occupational Segregation [Research Paper no. 9. London: Department of Employment.
66. Hakim, C. (1992) 'Explaining Trends in Occupational Segregation: The Measurement, Causes, and Consequences of the Sexual Division of Labour', European Sociological Review, 8(2):127-152.
67. Hakim, C. (1998) 'Developing a Sociology for the Twenty-First Century: Preference Theory', The British Journal of Sociology, 49(1):137-143.
68. Halford, S. and Leonard, P. (2001) Gender, Power and Organisations. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
69. Halford, S., Savage, M. and Witz, A. (1997) Gender, Careers and Organisations: Current Developments in Banking, Nursing and Local Government. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
70. Hanser, A. (2005) 'The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service Work in Urban China', Gender and Society, 19:581-600.
71. Hartmann, H. (1979) 'Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex', in Z. Eisentein (ed.) Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism. New York: Monthly Review Press, pp. 248-269.
72. He, Ming Fang (2002) 'A Narrative Inquiry of Cross-Cultural Lives: Lives in China', Journal of Curriculum Studies, 34(3):301-321.
73. Hershatter, G. (2002) 'The Gender of Memory: Rural Chinese Women and the 1950s', Signs, 28(1):43-72.
74. Hesketh, T. and Wei, Xing Zhu (1997) 'Health in China: The One-Child Family Policy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly', British Medical Journal, 314:1685-1687.
75. Hochschild, A. R. (1997) The Time Bind. New York: Henry Holt.
76. Hochschild, A. R. (2003) The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (20th anniversary edition). Berkeley, CA and London: University of California Press.
77. Honig, E. (2000) 'Iron Girls Revisited: Gender and the Politics of Work in the Cultural Revolution, 1966-76', in B. Entwisle and G. E. Henderson (eds) Re-Drawing Boundaries: Work, Households, and Gender in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 97-110.
78. Honig, E. (2002) 'Maoist Mappings of Gender: Reassessing the Red Guards', in S. Brownell and J. N. Wasserstrom (eds) Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 255-268.
79. Honig, E. (2003) 'Socialist Sex: The Cultural Revolution Revisited', Modern China, 29(2):143-175.
80. Honig, E. and Hershatter, G. (1988) Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980's. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
81. Humphrey, R., Miller, R. and Zdravomyslova, E. (eds) (2003) Biographical Research in Eastern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate.
82. Hung, E. P. W. and Chiu, S. W. K. (2003) 'The Lost Generation: Life Course Dynamics and Xiagang in China', Modern China, 29(2):204-236.
83. Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (2004) China's Social Security and its Policy. http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20040907/index.htm [accessed on September 30, 2004].
84. Inhetveen, H. (1990) 'Biographical Approaches to Research on Women Farmers', Sociologia Ruralis, 30(1):100-114.
85. Jacka, T. (1990) 'Back to the Wok: Women and Employment in Chinese Industry in the 1980s', The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 24:1-23.
86. Jacka, T. (1997) Women's Work in Rural China: Change and Continuity in an Era of Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
87. Jackson, S. (1998) 'Telling Stories: Memory, Narrative and Experience in Feminist Research and Theory', in K. Henwood, C. Griffin and A. Phoenix (eds) Standpoints and Differences: Essays in the Practice of Feminist Psychology. London: Sage, pp. 45-64.
88. Jackson, S. and Scott, S. (eds) (2002) Gender: A Sociological Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
89. Jaschok, M. (1995) 'On the Construction of Desire and Anxiety: Contestations Over Female Nature and Identity in China's Modern Market Society', in B. Einhorn and E. J. Yeo (eds) Women and Market Societies: Crisis and Opportunity, Aldershot and Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar, pp. 114-128.
90. Jiang Yongping (2001)'The Debate of "Staged Employment" "Women's Returning Home" at the Turn of Century' Journal of Women's Studies, 2:23-28.
91. Jiang Yongping (2004) 'Employment and Chinese Urban Women Under Two Systems', in J. Tao, Zheng, Bijun and Mow, S. (eds) Holding Up Half the Sky: Chinese Women Past, Present, and Future. New York: Feminist Press.
92. Jiang, Y. and Ashley, D. (eds) (2000) Mao's Children in the New China: Voices from the Red Guard Generation. London: Routledge.
93. Jin Yihong (2000) 'The Formation of Irregular Labour Market and Women's Employment'], Journal of Women's Studies, 3:16-18.
94. Jiang Yongping (2001) 'The All China Women's Federation: Challenges and Trends', in P.-C. Hsiung, M. Jaschok and C. Milwertz (eds) Chinese Women Organizing: Cadres, Feminists, Muslims, Queers. Oxford and New York: Berg, pp. 123-140.
95. Johnson, A. G. (1997) The Gender Knot: Unravelling Our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
96. Judd, E. R. (1994) Gender and Power in Rural North China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
97. Kelly, L. (1988) Surviving Sexual Violence. Cambridge: Polity.
98. Kelly, L. Burton, S. and Regan, L. (1994) 'Researching Women's Lives or Studying Women's Oppression? Reflections on What Constitutes Feminist Research', in M. Maynard and J. Purvis (eds) Researching Women's Lives from a Feminist Perspective. London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 27-48.
99. Kipnis, A. (1997) Producing Guanxi: Sentiment, Self and Subculture in a North China Village. Durham: Duke University Press.
100. Landes, L. B. (1989) 'Marxism and the "Woman Question" ', in S. Kruks, R. Rapp and M. B. Young (eds) Promissory Notes: Women in the Transition to Socialism. New York: Monthly Review Press, pp. 15-29.
101. Lee, Ching Kwan (2005) 'Livelihood Struggles and Market Reform: (Un)marking Chinese Labour after State Socialism', United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Paper, available online http: www.unrisd.org/publications/opgp2 [accessed 2 March 2006].
102. Leung, A. S. M. (2002) 'Gender and Career Experience in Mainland Chinese State-owned Enterprises', Personnel Review, 31(5):602-619.
103. Leung, J. C. B. and Wong, H. S. W. (1999) 'The Emergence of a Community-based Social Assistance Programme in Urban China', Social Policy and Administration, 33(1):39-54.
104. Levy, M. (1949) The Family Revolution in Modern China. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
105. Li Peiling, Zhang Yi and Zhao Yandong (2000) Employment and Institutional Change: Job Searches of Two Special Groups. Hangzhou: Zhengjiang People's Publishing House.
106. Li Qiang, Hu Junsheng and Hong Dayong (2001) A Comparative Study between Unemployment and Layoff. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.
107. Li Xiaojiang (1994) 'Economic Reform and the Awakening of Chinese Women's Collective Consciousness', in C. K. Gilmartine, G. Hershatter, L. Rofel and T. White (eds) Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State. Cambridge,MA and London: Harvard University Press, pp. 360-382.
108. Lin Chun (1997) 'Finding a Language: Feminism and Women's Movements in Contemporary China', in J. W. Scott, C. Kaplan, D. Keates (eds) Transitions, Environments, Translations: Feminisms in International Politics. New York and London: Routledge, pp.1-20.
109. Lin, N. (2001) Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110. Lin Songle(1995)'The Several Debates of Gender Roles',Sociology Studies, 1:106-108.
111. Liu Bohong (1992)'A Summary of Issues in Women's Employment], in Xiong Yumei, Liu Xiaocong and Qu Wen (eds) [The Therotical Research on Chinese Women for the Past Ten Years. Beijing: Chinese Women's Publishing House, pp. 310-357.
112. Liu Deizhong and Niu Bianxiu (2000) 'Chinese Occupational Segregation and Women's Employment', Journal of Women's Studies, 4:18-20.
113. Liu, Jieyu (2004) 'Holding Up the Sky? Reflections on Marriage in Contemporary China', Feminism and Psychology, 14(1):195-202.
114. Logan, J. R., Bian, Fuqin, and Bian, Yianjie (1998) 'Tradition and Change in the Urban Chinese Family: The Case of Living Arrangements', Social Forces, 76(3):851-882.
115. Mao, Zedong (1991 [1927]) Collection of Mao Zedong's Thoughts, Vol.1-4. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
116. Maurer-Fazio, M., Rawski, T. G. and Zhang, Wei (1999) 'Inequality in the Rewards for Holding up Half the Sky: Gender Wage Gaps in China's Urban Labour Market, 1988-1994', China Journal, 41:55-88.
117. Meng Xianfan (1995)Chinese Women in the Reforms. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House.
118. Meng Yue (1993), 'Female Images and National Myth', in E. B. Barlow (ed.) Gender Politics in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press.
119. Mills, C. W. (1959) The Sociological Imagination. London: Open University Press.
120. Milwertz, C. N. (1996) Accepting Population Control: Urban Chinese Women and the One-Child Family Policy. London: Routledge Curzon.
121. Min, Anchee (1994) Red Azalea. New York: Pantheon Books.
122. Min, Dongchao (1997) 'From Asexuality to Gender Differences in Modern China', in E. J. Yeo (ed.) Mary Wollstonecraft: And 200 years of Feminism. London and New York: Rivers Oram Press, pp. 193-203.
123. Misztal, B. A. (2003) Theories of Social Remembering. Maidenhead and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
124. Mok, K.-H., Wong, L. and Lee, G. O. M. (2002) 'The Challenges of Global Capitalism: Unemployment and State Workers' Reactions and Responses in Post-reform China', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(3):399-415.
125. Morris, J., Sheehan, J. and Hassard, J. (2001) 'From Dependency to Defiance? Work- Unit Relationships in China's State Enterprise Reforms', Journal of Management Studies, 38(5):697-717.
126. Mu, Aiping (2002) Vermilion Gate. London: Abacus.
127. Nanjing Government (1999) 'The Supplementary Document on the Implementation of "Carrying out Social Security Reform among Urban Workers" '. www.njqh.gov.cn/nav/qhld/shbx-zfl.htm [accessed on July 15 2004].
128. Nanjing Statistical Bureau comp. (1994) Nanjing Statistical Yearbook 1994. Beijing: China Statistical Press.
129. Nanjing Statistical Bureau comp (2003) Nanjing Statistical Yearbook 2003. Beijing: China Statistical Press.
130. Oxaal, Z. and Baden, S. (1997) 'Gender and Empowerment: Definitions, Approaches and Implications for Policy' [Bridge Report 40]. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies. http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge/Reports/R40%20Gen%20Emp%20Policy%202c.doc [accessed May 12, 2004].
131. Paez, D., Basabe, N. and Gonzalez, J. L. (1997) 'Social Processes and Collective Memory: A Cross-cultural Approach to Remembering Political Events', in J. W. Pennebaker, D. Paez and B. Rimé (eds) Collective Memory of Political Events: Social Psychological Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 147-174.
132. Parish, W. L. and Busse, S. (2000) 'Gender and Work', in Tang Wenfang and Parish, W. L. (eds) Chinese Urban Life Under Reform: The Changing Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
133. Pennebaker, J. W. and Banasik, B. L. (1997) 'On the Creation and Maintenance of Collective Memories: History as Social Psychology', in J. W. Pennebaker, D. Paez and B. Rimé (eds) Collective Memory of Political Events: Social Psychological Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3-19.
134. Perry, E. J. and Lu Xiaobo (eds) (1997) Danwei: The Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
135. Perry, E. J. and M. Selden (eds) (2000) Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (1st edn). London and New York: Routledge.
136. Personal Narratives Group (eds) (1989) Interpreting Women's Lives: Feminist Theory and Personal Narratives. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
137. Phillips, A. and Barbara, T. (1980) 'Sex and Skill: Notes Towards a Feminist Economics', Feminist Review, 6:79-88.
138. Pollert, A. (2003) 'Women, Work and Equal Opportunities in Post-Communist Transition',Work, Employment and Society, 17(2):331-357.
139. Pollert, A. (2005) 'Gender, Transformation and Employment in Ten Central Eastern European Countries', European Journal of Industrial Relations, 11(2):213-230.
140. Pun, Pgai (2005) Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace. Durham: Duke University Press.
141. Putnam, R. D. (1993) 'The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life', The American Prospect, 4(13):35-42.
142. Qi Xiaoyu (2001) 'Social Security System: The Prerequisite for Women's Rights in Employment and Development'], Journal of Women's Studies, 4:42-46.
143. Radley, A. and Billig, M. (1997) 'Accounts of Health and Illness: Dilemmas and Representations', in K. Charmaz and D. A. Paterniti (eds) Health, Illness, and Healing: Society, Social Context and Self: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury, pp. 18-30.
144. Rees, T. (1992) Women and the Labour Market. London and New York: Routledge.
145. Reinharz, S. (1997) 'Who Am I? The Need for a Variety of Selves in the Field', in R. Hertz (ed.) Reflexivity and Voice. Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage, pp. 3-20.
146. Reisch, L. A. (2001) 'Time and Wealth. The Role of Time and Temporalities for Sustainable Patterns of Consumption', Time and Society, 10(213):367-385.
147. Research Institute of Women's Federation, Department of Social Science and Technology Statistics and State Statistical Bureau comp. (1998) 1990-1995 Gender Statistics in China 1990-1995. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House.
148. Reskin, B. (1993) 'Sex Segregation in the Workplace', Annual Review of Sociology, 19:241-270.
149. Rofel, L. (1999) Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China after Socialism. London: California University Press.
150. Rospenda, K. M., Richman, J. A. and Nawyn, S. J. (1998) 'Doing Power: The Confluence of Gender, Race, and Class in Contrapower Sexual Harassment', Gender and Society, 12(1):40-60.
151. Rudd, E. C. (2000) 'Reconceptualizing Gender in Postsocialist Transformation', Gender and Society, 14(4):517-539.
152. Saunders, P. and Shang, Xiaoyuan (2001) 'Social Security Reform in China's Transition to a Market Economy', Social Policy and Administration, 35(3): 274-289.
153. Savage, M. and Witz, A. (eds) (1992) Gender and Bureaucracy. Oxford: Blackwell.
154. Seymour, J. (1992) ' "No Time to Call my Own" Women's Time as a Household Resource',Women's Studies International Forum, 15(2):187-192.
155. Shaw, S. (1994) 'Gender, Leisure and Constraint: Towards a Framework for the Analysis of Women's Leisure', Journal of Leisure Research, 26:8-22.
156. Shaw, V. N. (1996) Social Control in China: A Study of Chinese Work Units. Westport, CT and London: Praeger.
157. Shu, X. L. (2005) 'Market Transition and Gender Segregation in Urban China', Social Science Quarterly, 86(5):1299-1323.
158. Smith, D. E. (1987) The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
159. Solinger, D. J. (2001) 'Why We Cannot Count the "Unemployed"?', The China Quarterly, 167:671-688.
160. Solinger, D. J. 2002 'Labour Market Reform and the Plight of the Laid-off Proletariat', The China Quarterly, 170:304-326.
161. Solinger, D. J. (2003) 'Chinese Urban Jobs and The WTO', The China Journal, 49:61-87.
162. Song, Miri (1995) 'Between "the Front" and "the Back": Chinese Women's Work in Family Business',Women's Studies International Forum, 18(3):285-298.
163. Stanko, E. (1988) 'Keeping Women In and Out of Line: Sexual Harassment and Occupational Segregation', in S. Walby (ed.) Gender Segregation at Work. Milton Keynes and Philadelphia: Open University Press, pp. 91-99.
164. Stockman, N., Bonney, N. and Sheng, Xuewen (1995) Women's Work in East & West: The Dual Burden of Employment and Family Life. London: UCL Press.
165. Sun Liping (1994)'Re-establishing Gender Roles', Sociology Studies, 6:65-68.
166. Tan Lin and Li Junfeng (2002) 'What do Marriage and Employment Mean to Women? An Analysis Based Upon Theories on Gender and Social Capital'], Journal of Women's Studies 7:5-11.
167. Tan Shen (1993)'Social Transformation and Women's Employment in China', in 1993 Chinese Women and Development: Status, Health and Employment, Collection of Essays from Summer School of Tianjin Normal University 1993. Zhengzhou: Henan People's Publishing House, pp. 337-371.
168. Tan Shen (1994) 'A Study of Women and Social Changes', Social Sciences in China, 2:65-73.
169. Tang Can (2001)'Sexual Harassment in the Working Environment and the Measures against its Happening'], Journal of Women's Studies, 5:26-31.
170. Tang, Ning (2002) 'Interviewer and Interviewee Relationships Between Women', Sociology, 36(3):703-721.
171. Tao Chunfang and Jiang Yongping (1993) [An Overview of Chinese Women's Social Status. Beijing: China's Women's Publishing House.
172. Tartakovskaya, I. and Ashwin, S. (2004) 'Who Benefits from Networks?' Paper presented at Employment Research Unit 19th Annual Conference, Cardiff.
173. Teiwes, F. C. with Sun, W. (1999) China's Road to Disaster: Mao, Central Politicians, and Provincial Leaders in the Unfolding of the Great Leap Forward, 1955-1959. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
174. Tong, C. K. and Yong, P. K. (1998) 'Guanxi, Xinyong and Chinese Business Networks', British Journal of Sociology, 49(1):75-96.
175. Tsang, E. W. K. (1998) 'Can Guanxi be a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage for Doing Business in China?', Academy of Management Executive, 12:64-73.
176. Tsui, Ming and Rich, L. (2002) 'The Only Child and Educational Opportunity for Girls in Urban China', Gender and Society, 16(1):74-92.
177. Wajcman, J. (1991) Feminism Confronts Technology. Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press.
178. Walby, S. (1986) Patriarchy at Work: Patriarchal and Capitalist Relations in Employment. Cambridge: Polity Press.
179. Walder, A. G. (1986) Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
180. Wang, Fei-Ling (1998) Institutions and Institutional Change in China: Premodernity and Modernization. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
181. Wang, Jian (1995) 'Danwei', in China for Women: Travel and Culture. North Melbourne: Spinifex, pp. 111-116.
182. Wang Yaling (1991)'The Transformations of the Double Roles for Women Workers in Urban Cities', in Xiaojiang Li and Tan Shen (eds) Chinese Women's Stratification Studies. Zhengzhou: Henan People's Publishing House, pp. 69-80.
183. Wang, Zheng (1999) Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. Berkeley: University of California Press.
184. Wang, Zheng (2000) 'Gender, Employment and Women's Resistance', in E. J. Perry and M. Selden (eds) Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (1st edn). London and New York: Routledge, pp. 62-82.
185. Wang, Zheng (2001) 'Call Me "Qingnian" but not "Funü": A Maoist Youth in Retrospect', in, Xueping, Zhong, Zheng, Wang, and Di, Bai (eds) (2001) Some of Us: Chinese Women Growing Up in the Mao Era. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press, pp. 27-52.
186. Warren, T. (2003) 'Class- and Gender-based Working Time? Time Poverty and the Division of Domestic Labour', Sociology, 37(4):733-752.
187. Weber, I. (2002) 'Shanghai Baby: Negotiating Youth Self-Identity in Urban China', Social Identities, 8(2):347-368.
188. Wei, Yanmei (2001) ' "Congratulations, It's a Girl!" Gender and Identity in Mao's China', in Xueping, Zhong, Zheng, Wang, and Di, Bai (eds) (2001) Some of Us: Chinese Women Growing Up in the Mao Era. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press, pp. 179-198.
189. West, C. and Zimmerman, D. H. (1987) 'Doing Gender', Gender and Society, 1(2):125-151.
190. Westwood, S. (1984) All Day, Every Day: Factory and Family in the Making of Women's Lives. London: Pluto Press.
191. Witz, A. (1997) 'Women and Work', in V. Robinson and D. Richardson (eds) Introducing Women's Studies (2nd edn). Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 239-257.
192. Wolf, M. (1985) Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
193. Wong, Linda and Ngok, Kinglun (2006) 'Social Policy between Plan and Market: Xiagang(Off-duty Employment) and the Policy of the Re-employment Service Centres in China', Social Policy and Administration, 40(2):158-173.
194. Wong Y. H. and Chan R. Y.-K. (1999) 'Relationship Marketing in China: Guanxi, Favouritism and Adaptation', Journal of Business Ethics, 22(2):107-118.
195. Woo, H. S., Wilson D. and Liu, J. (2001) 'Gender Impact on Chinese Negotiation: "Some Key Issues for Western Negotiators" ', Women in Management Review, 16(7):349-356.
196. Wood, E., Whiteley, A. and Zhang, S. (2002) 'The Cross Model of Guanxi Usage in Chinese Leadership', The Journal of Management Development, 21(4):263-271.
197. Xia Guomei (2001)The Stories of Unemployed Women in the City. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Publishing House.
198. Xinran (2002) The Good Women of China. London: Chatto and Windus.
199. Xu Yanli and Tan Lin (2002), 'On Gendered Time Allocation and Women's Career Development'], Journal of China Women's College, 14(6):1-7.
200. Xu Yinghua (2002) The Industrial Structure Change and Development for Women Workers in Social Transformations], Unpublished Master's Dissertation. Beijing: Capital University of Economy and Trade.
201. Yang, Guobin (2003) 'China's Zhiqing Generation: Nostalgia, Identity, and Cultural Resistance in the 1990s', Modern China, 29(3):267-296.
202. Yang, Mayfair Mei-Hui (1989) 'The Gift Economy and State Power in China', Comparative Studies in Society and History, 31(1):25-54.
203. Yang, Mayfair Mei-Hui (1994) Gifts, Favors and Banquets: The Art of Social Relationships in China. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
204. Yang, Rae (1997) Spider Eaters. California: The University of California Press.
205. Yuen, Sun-Pong, Law, Pui-Lam and Ho, Yuk-Ying (2004) Marriage, Gender, and Sex in a Contemporary Chinese Village. Armonk and London: M. E. Sharpe.
206. Zhang, Heather X. (1995) 'Progress or Retrogression For Chinese Women? The Cultural Revolution (1966-76) Revisited', Strathclyde Papers on Government and Politics, No. 104. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde.
207. Zhang Qiujian (1999) Changes in Women's Employment during China's Social Transformations], Ph.D. thesis. Beijing: China's People's University.
208. Zhang, Xinxin and Sang, Ye (1987) Chinese Lives (W. J. F. Jenner and D. Davin (eds)). London: Macmillan.
209. Zhang Yanxia (2001) 'The Social Support System of Redundant Women Workers in the City - A Case Study of Beijing'], Journal of Women's Studies, 1:4-11.
210. Zhao Yandong (2001)Social Capital, Human Capital and Reemployment of Laid-off Workers], Ph.D. Thesis. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
211. Zhao Yandong (2002) 'Measuring the Social Capital of Laid-off Chinese Workers', Current Sociology, 50(4):555-571.
212. Zheng Xiaoying (ed.) (1995)Chinese Female Population Problems and Development. Beijing: Beijing University Press.
213. Zhong, Xueping, Wang, Zheng and Bai, Di (eds) (2001) Some of Us: Chinese Women Growing Up in the Mao Era. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press.