메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 5-55

Postural control in children: Implications for pediatric practice

Author keywords

Anticipatory postural adjustments; Children; Occupational therapy; Physical therapy; Reactive postural adjustments

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN;

EID: 84917107697     PISSN: 01942638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J006v24n01_02     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (178)
  • 2
    • 0028046380 scopus 로고
    • Practice and transfer effects during fast single-joint elbow movements in individuals with Down syndrome
    • Almeida, G. L., Corco, D. M., & Latash, M. L. (1994). Practice and transfer effects during fast single-joint elbow movements in individuals with Down syndrome. Physical Therapy, 74, 1000-1016.
    • (1994) Physical Therapy , vol.74 , pp. 1000-1016
    • Almeida, G.L.1    Corco, D.M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 4
    • 0001251160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coactivation strategy in anticipatory postural adjustments in persons with Down syndrome
    • Aruin, A. S., & Almeida, G. L. (1997). A coactivation strategy in anticipatory postural adjustments in persons with Down syndrome. Motor Control, 1, 178-191.
    • (1997) Motor Control , vol.1 , pp. 178-191
    • Aruin, A.S.1    Almeida, G.L.2
  • 5
    • 0035024578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of action in postural preparation for loading and unloading in standing subjects
    • Aruin, A. S., Shiratori, T., & Latash, M. L. (2001). The role of action in postural preparation for loading and unloading in standing subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 138, 458-466.
    • (2001) Experimental Brain Research , vol.138 , pp. 458-466
    • Aruin, A.S.1    Shiratori, T.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 6
    • 0031924782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of locomotor balance control in healthy children
    • Assaiante, C. (1998). Development of locomotor balance control in healthy children. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review, 22, 527-532.
    • (1998) Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review , vol.22 , pp. 527-532
    • Assaiante, C.1
  • 7
    • 0033851197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of postural adjustment during gait initiation: Kinematic and EMG analysis
    • Assaiante, C., Woollacott, M., & Amblard, B. (2000). Development of postural adjustment during gait initiation: Kinematic and EMG analysis. Journal of Motor Behavior, 32, 211-226.
    • (2000) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.32 , pp. 211-226
    • Assaiante, C.1    Woollacott, M.2    Amblard, B.3
  • 9
    • 0022395569 scopus 로고
    • Stance and gait perturbations in children: Developmental aspects of compensatory mechanisms
    • Berger, W., Quintern, J. & Dietz, V. (1985). Stance and gait perturbations in children: Developmental aspects of compensatory mechanisms. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 61, 385-395.
    • (1985) Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.61 , pp. 385-395
    • Berger, W.1    Quintern, J.2    Dietz, V.3
  • 11
    • 0022524716 scopus 로고
    • Effect of short leg casting on ambulation in children with cerebral palsy
    • Bertoti, D. B. (1986). Effect of short leg casting on ambulation in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 66, 1522-1529.
    • (1986) Physical Therapy , vol.66 , pp. 1522-1529
    • Bertoti, D.B.1
  • 12
    • 0024236053 scopus 로고
    • Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on posture in children with cerebral palsy
    • Bertoti, D. B. (1988). Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on posture in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 68, 1505-1511.
    • (1988) Physical Therapy , vol.68 , pp. 1505-1511
    • Bertoti, D.B.1
  • 14
    • 0020961513 scopus 로고
    • A positional biofeedback device for sitting balance
    • Bjork, L., & Wetzel, A. (1983). A positional biofeedback device for sitting balance. Physical Therapy, 63, 1460-1461.
    • (1983) Physical Therapy , vol.63 , pp. 1460-1461
    • Bjork, L.1    Wetzel, A.2
  • 15
    • 0026300751 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two methods of improving dynamic balance of mentally retarded children
    • Boswell, B. (1991). Comparison of two methods of improving dynamic balance of mentally retarded children. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 73, 759-764.
    • (1991) Perceptual & Motor Skills , vol.73 , pp. 759-764
    • Boswell, B.1
  • 16
    • 0033987217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are amplitude and duration of anticipatory postural adjustments identically scaled to focal movement parameters in humans?
    • Bouisset, S., Richardson, J., & Zattara, M. (2000). Are amplitude and duration of anticipatory postural adjustments identically scaled to focal movement parameters in humans? Neuroscience Letters, 278, 153-156.
    • (2000) Neuroscience Letters , vol.278 , pp. 153-156
    • Bouisset, S.1    Richardson, J.2    Zattara, M.3
  • 17
    • 0031851610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of postural control of gravity forces in children during the first 5 years of walking
    • Breniere, Y. & Bril, B. (1998). Development of postural control of gravity forces in children during the first 5 years of walking. Experimental Brain Research, 121, 3, 255-262.
    • (1998) Experimental Brain Research , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-262
    • Breniere, Y.1    Bril, B.2
  • 18
    • 0034903633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of two different sitting positions on postural adjustments in children with spastic diplegia
    • Brogen, E., Forssberg, H. & Hadders-Algra, M. (2001). Influence of two different sitting positions on postural adjustments in children with spastic diplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43, 534-546.
    • (2001) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 534-546
    • Brogen, E.1    Forssberg, H.2    Hadders-Algra, M.3
  • 20
    • 0029978837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of instruction, prediction, and afferent sensory information on the postural organization of step initiation
    • Burleigh, A., & Horak, F. (1996). Influence of instruction, prediction, and afferent sensory information on the postural organization of step initiation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 75, 1619-1627.
    • (1996) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.75 , pp. 1619-1627
    • Burleigh, A.1    Horak, F.2
  • 21
    • 0028043486 scopus 로고
    • Modification of postural responses and step initiation: Evidence for goal-directed postural interactions
    • Burleigh, A. L., Horak, F. B., & Malouin, F. (1994). Modification of postural responses and step initiation: Evidence for goal-directed postural interactions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72, 2892-2902.
    • (1994) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.72 , pp. 2892-2902
    • Burleigh, A.L.1    Horak, F.B.2    Malouin, F.3
  • 22
    • 0032414205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle activation characteristics of stance balance control in children with spastic cerebral palsy
    • Burtner, P. A., Qualls, C., & Woollacott, M. H. (1998). Muscle activation characteristics of stance balance control in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Gait and Posture, 8, 163-174.
    • (1998) Gait and Posture , vol.8 , pp. 163-174
    • Burtner, P.A.1    Qualls, C.2    Woollacott, M.H.3
  • 23
    • 0032713779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stance balance control with orthoses in a group of children with spastic cerebral palsy
    • Burtner, P. A., Woollacott, M. H., & Qualls, C. (1999). Stance balance control with orthoses in a group of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 748-757.
    • (1999) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 748-757
    • Burtner, P.A.1    Woollacott, M.H.2    Qualls, C.3
  • 24
    • 0035156370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) forcerebral palsy: An AACPDM evidence report
    • Butler, C., & Darrah, J. (2001) Effects of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) forcerebral palsy: An AACPDM evidence report. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43: 778-790.
    • (2001) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 778-790
    • Butler, C.1    Darrah, J.2
  • 25
    • 0031683933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary report of the effectiveness of trunk targeting in achieving independent sitting balance in children with cerebral palsy
    • Butler, P. B. (1998). A preliminary report of the effectiveness of trunk targeting in achieving independent sitting balance in children with cerebral palsy. Clinical Rehabilitation, 12, 281-293.
    • (1998) Clinical Rehabilitation , vol.12 , pp. 281-293
    • Butler, P.B.1
  • 26
    • 0026651820 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in walking performance of children with cerebral palsy: Preliminary results
    • Butler, P. B., Thompson, N., & Major, R. E. (1992). Improvement in walking performance of children with cerebral palsy: Preliminary results. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 34, 567-576.
    • (1992) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 567-576
    • Butler, P.B.1    Thompson, N.2    Major, R.E.3
  • 27
    • 0025145380 scopus 로고
    • Effect of physical therapy in improving postural control in cerebral palsy
    • Campbell, S. K. (1990). Effect of physical therapy in improving postural control in cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 2, 135-140.
    • (1990) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Campbell, S.K.1
  • 28
    • 0027328875 scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with cerebral palsy, part 1: Lower extremity
    • Carmick, J. (1993). Clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with cerebral palsy, Part 1: Lower extremity. Physical Therapy, 73, 505-513.
    • (1993) Physical Therapy , vol.73 , pp. 505-513
    • Carmick, J.1
  • 29
    • 0029603597 scopus 로고
    • Managing equinus in children with cerebral palsy: Electrical stimulation to strengthen the triceps surae muscle
    • Carmick, J. (1995). Managing equinus in children with cerebral palsy: Electrical stimulation to strengthen the triceps surae muscle. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37, 965-975.
    • (1995) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 965-975
    • Carmick, J.1
  • 31
    • 0018118552 scopus 로고
    • Semicircular canal stimulation in cerebral palsied children
    • Chee, F. K. W., Kreutzberg, J. R., & Clark, D. L. (1978). Semicircular canal stimulation in cerebral palsied children. Physical Therapy, 58, 1071-1075.
    • (1978) Physical Therapy , vol.58 , pp. 1071-1075
    • Chee, F.K.W.1    Kreutzberg, J.R.2    Clark, D.L.3
  • 32
    • 0035379457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestibular system in performance of standing balance of children and young adults under altered sensory conditions
    • Cherng, R. J., Chen, J. J., & Su, F. C. (2001). Vestibular system in performance of standing balance of children and young adults under altered sensory conditions. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 92, 1167-1179.
    • (2001) Perceptual & Motor Skills , vol.92 , pp. 1167-1179
    • Cherng, R.J.1    Chen, J.J.2    Su, F.C.3
  • 33
    • 12944335240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrasession reliability of the "center of pressure minus center of mass" variable of postural control in the healthy elderly
    • Corriveau, H., Hebert, R., Prince, F., & Raiche, M. (2000). Intrasession reliability of the "center of pressure minus center of mass" variable of postural control in the healthy elderly. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 81, 45-48.
    • (2000) Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , vol.81 , pp. 45-48
    • Corriveau, H.1    Hebert, R.2    Prince, F.3    Raiche, M.4
  • 34
    • 0025230250 scopus 로고
    • Weight shifting as a treatment for balance deficits: A literature review
    • Daldeiden, S. (1990). Weight shifting as a treatment for balance deficits: A literature review. Physiotherapy Canada, 42, 81-87.
    • (1990) Physiotherapy Canada , vol.42 , pp. 81-87
    • Daldeiden, S.1
  • 35
    • 0029157756 scopus 로고
    • Muscle response to heavy resistance exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy
    • Damiano, D. L., Vaughan, C. L., & Abel, M. F. (1995). Muscle response to heavy resistance exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37, 731-739.
    • (1995) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 731-739
    • Damiano, D.L.1    Vaughan, C.L.2    Abel, M.F.3
  • 36
    • 0029114661 scopus 로고
    • Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia
    • Damiano, D. L., Kelly, L. E., & Vaughn, C. L. (1995). Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia. Physical Therapy, 75, 658-667.
    • (1995) Physical Therapy , vol.75 , pp. 658-667
    • Damiano, D.L.1    Kelly, L.E.2    Vaughn, C.L.3
  • 37
    • 0029740826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of children with learning disabilities on the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance
    • Deitz, J., Richardson, P. K., Westcott, S. L., & Crowe, T. K. (1996). Performance of children with learning disabilities on the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 16, 1-21.
    • (1996) Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics , vol.16 , pp. 1-21
    • Deitz, J.1    Richardson, P.K.2    Westcott, S.L.3    Crowe, T.K.4
  • 38
    • 0019435678 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children
    • Effgen, S. K. (1981) Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children. Physical Therapy, 61, 873-877.
    • (1981) Physical Therapy , vol.61 , pp. 873-877
    • Effgen, S.K.1
  • 39
    • 0025011168 scopus 로고
    • Effects of neuro-developmental treatment and orthoses on knee flexion during gait: A single-subject design
    • Embrey, D.G., Yates, L., & Mott, D. (1990). Effects of neuro-developmental treatment and orthoses on knee flexion during gait: A single-subject design. Physical Therapy, 70, 626-637.
    • (1990) Physical Therapy , vol.70 , pp. 626-637
    • Embrey, D.G.1    Yates, L.2    Mott, D.3
  • 40
    • 0036216107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of postural control synergies during quiet standing in healthy children and children with cerebral palsy
    • Ferdjallah, M., Harris, G. F., Smith, P. & Wertsch, J. J. (2002). Analysis of postural control synergies during quiet standing in healthy children and children with cerebral palsy. Clinical Biomechanics, 17, 203-210.
    • (2002) Clinical Biomechanics , vol.17 , pp. 203-210
    • Ferdjallah, M.1    Harris, G.F.2    Smith, P.3    Wertsch, J.J.4
  • 41
    • 0020320450 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium reactions in normal children and in boys with sensory integrative dysfunctions
    • Fisher, A. G., & Bundy, A. C. (1982). Equilibrium reactions in normal children and in boys with sensory integrative dysfunctions. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 2, 171-183.
    • (1982) Occupational Therapy Journal of Research , vol.2 , pp. 171-183
    • Fisher, A.G.1    Bundy, A.C.2
  • 42
    • 0019975645 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenic development of postural control in man: Adaptation to altered support and vision in man
    • Forssberg, H. & Nashner, L. M. (1982). Ontogenic development of postural control in man: Adaptation to altered support and vision in man. Journal of Neuroscience, 2, 545-522.
    • (1982) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 545-522
    • Forssberg, H.1    Nashner, L.M.2
  • 43
    • 0029763212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitions in visual pro-prioception: Study of the effect of visual flow on postural control
    • Foster, E. C., Sveistrup, H. & Woollacott, M. H. (1996). Transitions in visual pro-prioception: Study of the effect of visual flow on postural control. Journal of Motor Behavior, 28, 101-112.
    • (1996) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 101-112
    • Foster, E.C.1    Sveistrup, H.2    Woollacott, M.H.3
  • 44
    • 0025203996 scopus 로고
    • Coordination of posture and movement
    • Frank, J. S. & Earl, M. (1990). Coordination of posture and movement. Physical Therapy, 70, 855-863.
    • (1990) Physical Therapy , vol.70 , pp. 855-863
    • Frank, J.S.1    Earl, M.2
  • 45
    • 0020119023 scopus 로고
    • Influence of passive and active vestibular stimulation on balance of young children
    • Gabert, T. E., Jee, A., & Collins, W. E. (1982). Influence of passive and active vestibular stimulation on balance of young children. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 54, 548-550.
    • (1982) Perceptual & Motor Skills , vol.54 , pp. 548-550
    • Gabert, T.E.1    Jee, A.2    Collins, W.E.3
  • 47
    • 0028577376 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a neuro-developmental treatment program to improve motor control in infants born prematurely
    • Girolami, G. L., & Campbell, S. K. (1994). Efficacy of a neuro-developmental treatment program to improve motor control in infants born prematurely. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 6, 175-184.
    • (1994) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 175-184
    • Girolami, G.L.1    Campbell, S.K.2
  • 49
    • 0029880957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of postural adjustments during sitting in infancy: Variation, selection and modulation
    • Hadders-Algra, M., Brogren, E. & Forssberg, H. (1996a). Ontogeny of postural adjustments during sitting in infancy: Variation, selection and modulation. Journal of Physiology, 493, 273-288.
    • (1996) Journal of Physiology , vol.493 , pp. 273-288
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 50
    • 0029937937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training affects the development of postural adjustments in sitting infants
    • Hadders-Algra, M., Brogren, E. & Forssberg, H. (1996b). Training affects the development of postural adjustments in sitting infants. Journal of Physiology, 493, 289-298.
    • (1996) Journal of Physiology , vol.493 , pp. 289-298
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 51
    • 0030873286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature and nurture in the development of postural control in human infants
    • Hadders-Algra, M., Brogren, E. & Forssberg, H. (1997). Nature and nurture in the development of postural control in human infants. Acta Paediatrics Supplement, 422, 48-53.
    • (1997) Acta Paediatrics Supplement , vol.422 , pp. 48-53
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 52
    • 2642640454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural adjustments during sitting at preschool age: Presence of a transient toddling phase
    • Hadders-Algra, M., Brogren, E., & Forssberg, H. (1998). Postural adjustments during sitting at preschool age: Presence of a transient toddling phase. Developmental Medicine Child Neurology, 40, 436-447.
    • (1998) Developmental Medicine Child Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 436-447
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 54
    • 0022515914 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhibitive ankle-foot orthoses on standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy
    • Harris, S. R., & Riffle, K. (1986). Effects of inhibitive ankle-foot orthoses on standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 66, 663-666.
    • (1986) Physical Therapy , vol.66 , pp. 663-666
    • Harris, S.R.1    Riffle, K.2
  • 55
    • 0029827919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent weightshift practice with computerized feedback by cerebral palsied children-four single-case experiments
    • Hartveld, A., & Hegarty, J. (1996). Frequent weightshift practice with computerized feedback by cerebral palsied children-four single-case experiments. Physiotherapy, 82, 573-580.
    • (1996) Physiotherapy , vol.82 , pp. 573-580
    • Hartveld, A.1    Hegarty, J.2
  • 56
    • 0032992025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedforward versus feedback control in children and adults subjected to a postural disturbance
    • Hay, L., & Redon, C. (1999). Feedforward versus feedback control in children and adults subjected to a postural disturbance. Experimental Brain Research, 125, 153-162.
    • (1999) Experimental Brain Research , vol.125 , pp. 153-162
    • Hay, L.1    Redon, C.2
  • 57
    • 0034916746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of postural adaptations to arm raising
    • Hay, L., & Redon, C. (2001). Development of postural adaptations to arm raising. Experimental Brain Research, 139, 224-232.
    • (2001) Experimental Brain Research , vol.139 , pp. 224-232
    • Hay, L.1    Redon, C.2
  • 59
    • 0025913076 scopus 로고
    • Development of anticipatory postural adjustments during locomotion in children
    • Hirschfeld, H., & Forssberg, H. (1991). Development of anticipatory postural adjustments during locomotion in children. Journal of Neurophysiology, 66, 12-19.
    • (1991) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.66 , pp. 12-19
    • Hirschfeld, H.1    Forssberg, H.2
  • 60
    • 0026675032 scopus 로고
    • Phase-dependent modulations of anticipatory postural adjustments during locomotion in children
    • Hirschfeld, H., & Forssberg, H. (1992). Phase-dependent modulations of anticipatory postural adjustments during locomotion in children. Journal of Neurophysiology, 68, 542-550.
    • (1992) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.68 , pp. 542-550
    • Hirschfeld, H.1    Forssberg, H.2
  • 62
    • 0028329974 scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic development of postural responses for sitting during infancy
    • Hirschfeld, H. & Forssberg, H. (1994). Epigenetic development of postural responses for sitting during infancy. Experimental Brain Research, 97, 528-540.
    • (1994) Experimental Brain Research , vol.97 , pp. 528-540
    • Hirschfeld, H.1    Forssberg, H.2
  • 63
    • 0036083733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating postural control: Effects on the reaching behavior of 6-month-old infants
    • Hopkins, B., & Ronnqvist, L. (2002). Facilitating postural control: Effects on the reaching behavior of 6-month-old infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 168-182.
    • (2002) Developmental Psychobiology , vol.40 , pp. 168-182
    • Hopkins, B.1    Ronnqvist, L.2
  • 64
    • 0004060836 scopus 로고
    • Motor control models underlying neurologic rehabilitation of posture in children
    • H. Forssberg, H. Hirschfeld (Eds.). Medicine & Sport Science, Basel, Karger
    • Horak, F. B. (1992). Motor control models underlying neurologic rehabilitation of posture in children. In: H. Forssberg, H. Hirschfeld (Eds.), Movement Disorders in Children. Medicine & Sport Science, Basel, Karger, 36, 21-30.
    • (1992) Movement Disorders in Children , vol.36 , pp. 21-30
    • Horak, F.B.1
  • 65
    • 0344836523 scopus 로고
    • Are vestibular deficits responsible for developmental disorders in children?
    • Horak, F. B., Shumway-Cook, A. & Black, F. O. (1988). Are vestibular deficits responsible for developmental disorders in children? Insights in Otolatyngology 3, 2-6.
    • (1988) Insights in Otolatyngology , vol.3 , pp. 2-6
    • Horak, F.B.1    Shumway-Cook, A.2    Black, F.O.3
  • 66
    • 0023869659 scopus 로고
    • Vestibular function and motor proficiency in children with hearing impairments and in learning disabled children with motor impairments
    • Horak, F. B., Shumway-Cook, A., Crowe, T. K. & Black, F. O. (1988). Vestibular function and motor proficiency in children with hearing impairments and in learning disabled children with motor impairments. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, 64-79.
    • (1988) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 64-79
    • Horak, F.B.1    Shumway-Cook, A.2    Crowe, T.K.3    Black, F.O.4
  • 67
    • 0020394083 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a home learning program on learning disabled children's balance
    • Horvat, M. A. (1982). Effect of a home learning program on learning disabled children's balance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 55, 1158.
    • (1982) Perceptual & Motor Skills , vol.55 , pp. 1158
    • Horvat, M.A.1
  • 68
  • 69
    • 33646896616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting infant motor development schedules. The biomechanics of change
    • (in press). van Praagh (Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
    • Jensen, J. & Bothner, K. (in press). Revisiting infant motor development schedules. The biomechanics of change. In: van Praagh (Ed.) Anaerobic performance during childhood and adolescence. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
    • Anaerobic Performance during Childhood and Adolescence
    • Jensen, J.1    Bothner, K.2
  • 70
    • 0002056081 scopus 로고
    • Visual-vestibular interactions in infancy
    • Jouen, F. (1984). Visual-vestibular interactions in infancy. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 135-145.
    • (1984) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.7 , pp. 135-145
    • Jouen, F.1
  • 71
    • 0007026716 scopus 로고
    • Visual-proprioceptive control of posture in newborn infants
    • B. Amblard, A. Berthoz, F. Clarac (Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Jouen, F. (1988). Visual-proprioceptive control of posture in newborn infants. In B. Amblard, A. Berthoz, F. Clarac (Eds.), Posture and Gait: Development, Adaptation, and Modulation (pp. 13-22). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1988) Posture and Gait: Development, Adaptation, and Modulation , pp. 13-22
    • Jouen, F.1
  • 73
    • 4043160199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early visual and vestibular relations in newborns
    • in press
    • Jouen, F. (in press). Early visual and vestibular relations in newborns. Child Development.
    • Child Development
    • Jouen, F.1
  • 74
    • 0035117838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stance configuration and target distance on reaching. I. Movement preparation
    • Kaminski, T. R., & Simpkins, S. (2001). The effects of stance configuration and target distance on reaching. I. Movement preparation. Experimental Brain Research. 136, 439-446.
    • (2001) Experimental Brain Research , vol.136 , pp. 439-446
    • Kaminski, T.R.1    Simpkins, S.2
  • 75
    • 0035748503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetically conditioned possibilities of the realization and the development of complex movements at the age of 7 years
    • Katic, R., Bonacin, D., & Blazevic, S. (2001). Phylogenetically conditioned possibilities of the realization and the development of complex movements at the age of 7 years. Collegium Antropologicum, 25, 573-583.
    • (2001) Collegium Antropologicum , vol.25 , pp. 573-583
    • Katic, R.1    Bonacin, D.2    Blazevic, S.3
  • 76
    • 0036092988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the Berg Balance Scale to distinguish balance abilities in children with cerebral palsy
    • Kembhavi, G., Darrah, J., Magill-Evans, J., & Loomis, J. (2002). Using the Berg Balance Scale to distinguish balance abilities in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 14, 92-99.
    • (2002) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.14 , pp. 92-99
    • Kembhavi, G.1    Darrah, J.2    Magill-Evans, J.3    Loomis, J.4
  • 78
    • 0345034811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of artificial saddle riding on postural stability in children with cerebral palsy
    • Kuczynski, M., & Slonka, K. (1999). Influence of artificial saddle riding on postural stability in children with cerebral palsy. Gait & Posture, 10, 154-160.
    • (1999) Gait & Posture , vol.10 , pp. 154-160
    • Kuczynski, M.1    Slonka, K.2
  • 80
    • 0016255953 scopus 로고
    • Visual proprioception control of standing in human infants
    • Lee, D., & Aronson, E. (1974). Visual proprioception control of standing in human infants. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 529-532.
    • (1974) Perception and Psychophysics , vol.15 , pp. 529-532
    • Lee, D.1    Aronson, E.2
  • 81
    • 0032785503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude
    • Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (1999). Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude. Experimental Brain Research, 129, 551-558.
    • (1999) Experimental Brain Research , vol.129 , pp. 551-558
    • Le Pellec, A.1    Maton, B.2
  • 82
    • 0034056409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments depend on final equilibrium and task complexity in vertical jump movements
    • Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (2000). Anticipatory postural adjustments depend on final equilibrium and task complexity in vertical jump movements. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10, 171-178.
    • (2000) Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , vol.10 , pp. 171-178
    • Le Pellec, A.1    Maton, B.2
  • 83
    • 0037012811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body's upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium
    • Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (2002). Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body's upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium. Neuroscience Letters, 323, 183-186.
    • (2002) Neuroscience Letters , vol.323 , pp. 183-186
    • Le Pellec, A.1    Maton, B.2
  • 84
    • 0022301571 scopus 로고
    • Development of an exercise program to improve static and dynamic balance of profoundly hearing-impaired children
    • Lewis, S., Higham, L., & Cherry, D. (1985). Development of an exercise program to improve static and dynamic balance of profoundly hearing-impaired children. American Annuals of Deaf, 130, 278-284.
    • (1985) American Annuals of Deaf , vol.130 , pp. 278-284
    • Lewis, S.1    Higham, L.2    Cherry, D.3
  • 85
  • 86
    • 0028237148 scopus 로고
    • Physiological maturation of muscles in childhood
    • Lin, J. P., Brown, J. K., & Walsh, E. G. (1994). Physiological maturation of muscles in childhood. Lancet, 343, 1386-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1386-1389
    • Lin, J.P.1    Brown, J.K.2    Walsh, E.G.3
  • 88
    • 4043058274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments in children with cerebral palsy and children with typical development during functional reaching: A center of pressure (COP) study
    • Liu, W. Y., Zaino, C. A., & Westcott, S. L. (2000). Anticipatory postural adjustments in children with cerebral palsy and children with typical development during functional reaching: A center of pressure (COP) study. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 12, 218-219.
    • (2000) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.12 , pp. 218-219
    • Liu, W.Y.1    Zaino, C.A.2    Westcott, S.L.3
  • 90
    • 0031760239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trunk posture reactions in children with and without cerebral palsy during therapeutic horseback riding
    • MacPhail, A., Edwards, H. E., Golding, J., Miller, J., Carolyn, M., & Zwiers, T. (1998). Trunk posture reactions in children with and without cerebral palsy during therapeutic horseback riding. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 10, 143-147.
    • (1998) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.10 , pp. 143-147
    • MacPhail, A.1    Edwards, H.E.2    Golding, J.3    Miller, J.4    Carolyn, M.5    Zwiers, T.6
  • 91
    • 0034015508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparatory adjustments during gait initiation in 4-6-year-old children
    • Malouin, F., & Richards, C. L. (2000). Preparatory adjustments during gait initiation in 4-6-year-old children. Gait & Posture, 11, 239-253.
    • (2000) Gait & Posture , vol.11 , pp. 239-253
    • Malouin, F.1    Richards, C.L.2
  • 92
    • 0026526837 scopus 로고
    • Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination
    • Massion, J. (1992). Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination. Progress in Neurobiology, 38, 35-56.
    • (1992) Progress in Neurobiology , vol.38 , pp. 35-56
    • Massion, J.1
  • 94
    • 0010413675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural control in children: Development in typical populations and children with cerebral palsy and Down syndrome
    • K. Connolly, H. Forssberg (Eds.). London, England: MacKeith Press
    • Mattiello, D., & Woollacott, M. (1997). Postural control in children: Development in typical populations and children with cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. In K. Connolly, H. Forssberg (Eds.), Neurophysiology & Neuropsychology of Motor Development (pp. 54-77). London, England: MacKeith Press.
    • (1997) Neurophysiology & Neuropsychology of Motor Development , pp. 54-77
    • Mattiello, D.1    Woollacott, M.2
  • 95
    • 84952539780 scopus 로고
    • Fom exploration of mechanical stability limits in erect posture
    • McCollum, G. & Leen, T. K. (1989). Fom exploration of mechanical stability limits in erect posture. Journal of Motor Behavior, 21, 225-244.
    • (1989) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.21 , pp. 225-244
    • McCollum, G.1    Leen, T.K.2
  • 96
    • 0031758766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an equine-movement therapy program on gait, energy expenditure, and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A pilot study
    • McGibbon, N. H., Andrade, C. K., Widener, G., & Cintas, H. L. (1998). Effect of an equine-movement therapy program on gait, energy expenditure, and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 40, 754-762.
    • (1998) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 754-762
    • McGibbon, N.H.1    Andrade, C.K.2    Widener, G.3    Cintas, H.L.4
  • 97
    • 0030663181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of physical training on head-hip co-ordinated movements during unperturbed stance
    • Mesure, S., Amblard, B., & Cremieux, J. (1997). Effect of physical training on head-hip co-ordinated movements during unperturbed stance. Neuroreport, 8, 3507-3512.
    • (1997) Neuroreport , vol.8 , pp. 3507-3512
    • Mesure, S.1    Amblard, B.2    Cremieux, J.3
  • 98
    • 0017174559 scopus 로고
    • Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture
    • Nashner, L. M. (1976). Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture. Experimental Brain Research, 26, 59-72.
    • (1976) Experimental Brain Research , vol.26 , pp. 59-72
    • Nashner, L.M.1
  • 99
    • 49049130471 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of human movement to altered environments
    • Nashner, L. M. (1982). Adaptation of human movement to altered environments. Trends in Neuroscience, 358-361.
    • (1982) Trends in Neuroscience , pp. 358-361
    • Nashner, L.M.1
  • 100
    • 0020659429 scopus 로고
    • Stance posture control in a select group of children with cerebral palsy: Deficits in sensory organization and motor coordination
    • Nashner, L. M., Shumway-Cook, A. & Marin, O. (1983). Stance posture control in a select group of children with cerebral palsy: Deficits in sensory organization and motor coordination. Experimental Brain Research, 49, 393-409.
    • (1983) Experimental Brain Research , vol.49 , pp. 393-409
    • Nashner, L.M.1    Shumway-Cook, A.2    Marin, O.3
  • 101
    • 0036218658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Force measurements of postural sway and rapid arm lift in seated children with and without MMC
    • Norrlin, S., Karlsson, A., Ahlsten, G., Lanshammar, H., Silander, H. C., & Dahl, M. (2002). Force measurements of postural sway and rapid arm lift in seated children with and without MMC. Clinical Biomechanics, 17, 197-202.
    • (2002) Clinical Biomechanics , vol.17 , pp. 197-202
    • Norrlin, S.1    Karlsson, A.2    Ahlsten, G.3    Lanshammar, H.4    Silander, H.C.5    Dahl, M.6
  • 102
    • 0001817854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral palsy
    • S.K. Campbell (Ed.). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders
    • Olney, S. J., & Wright, M. J. (2000). Cerebral palsy. In S.K. Campbell (Ed.), Physical therapy for children (pp. 533-570). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.
    • (2000) Physical Therapy for Children , pp. 533-570
    • Olney, S.J.1    Wright, M.J.2
  • 103
    • 0028212648 scopus 로고
    • Effect of foot orthoses on the balance skills of a child with a learning disability
    • Orner, C. E., Turner, D., & Worrell, T. (1994). Effect of foot orthoses on the balance skills of a child with a learning disability. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 6, 10-13.
    • (1994) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 10-13
    • Orner, C.E.1    Turner, D.2    Worrell, T.3
  • 106
    • 0003209969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of fetal movements
    • K. J. Connolly & H. Forssberg (Eds.). London, England: MacKeith Press
    • Prechtl, H. F. R. (1997). The importance of fetal movements. In: K. J. Connolly & H. Forssberg (Eds.), Neurophysiology and neuropsychology of motor development (pp. 42-35). London, England: MacKeith Press.
    • (1997) Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Motor Development , pp. 42-35
    • Prechtl, H.F.R.1
  • 107
    • 0023006046 scopus 로고
    • Developmental transformations of spontaneous movements in early infancy
    • Prechtl, H. F., & Hopkins, B. (1986). Developmental transformations of spontaneous movements in early infancy. Early Human Development, 14, 233-238.
    • (1986) Early Human Development , vol.14 , pp. 233-238
    • Prechtl, H.F.1    Hopkins, B.2
  • 108
    • 0030981362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of gait with solid, dynamic, and no ankle-foot orthoses in children with spastic cerebral palsy
    • Radtka, S. A., Skinner, S. R., Dixon, D. M., & Johanson, M. E. (1997). A comparison of gait with solid, dynamic, and no ankle-foot orthoses in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 77, 395-409.
    • (1997) Physical Therapy , vol.77 , pp. 395-409
    • Radtka, S.A.1    Skinner, S.R.2    Dixon, D.M.3    Johanson, M.E.4
  • 109
    • 0029812534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of the saddle seat on seated postural control and upper-extremity movement in children with cerebral palsy
    • Reid, D. T. (1996). The effects of the saddle seat on seated postural control and upper-extremity movement in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 38, 805-815.
    • (1996) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 805-815
    • Reid, D.T.1
  • 110
    • 0033047241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fixed and articulated ankle-foot orthoses on gait patterns in subjects with cerebral palsy
    • Rethlefsen, S., Kay, R., Dennis, S., Forstein, M., & Tolo, V. (1999). The effects of fixed and articulated ankle-foot orthoses on gait patterns in subjects with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 19, 470-474.
    • (1999) Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics , vol.19 , pp. 470-474
    • Rethlefsen, S.1    Kay, R.2    Dennis, S.3    Forstein, M.4    Tolo, V.5
  • 112
    • 4043079523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of alternate synergy in children with vestibular deficiency since birth
    • Program No. 666.16
    • Rine, R. M., Spielholtz, N., & Braswell, J. (2002). Emergence of alternate synergy in children with vestibular deficiency since birth. Neuroscience Abstracts CD-ROM, Program No. 666.16.
    • (2002) Neuroscience Abstracts CD-ROM
    • Rine, R.M.1    Spielholtz, N.2    Braswell, J.3
  • 114
    • 4043075237 scopus 로고
    • The expression of weight bearing abilities in infants between four and seven months of age
    • Roncesvalles, N. C., & Jensen, J. (1993). The expression of weight bearing abilities in infants between four and seven months of age. Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 568.
    • (1993) Sport and Exercise Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 568
    • Roncesvalles, N.C.1    Jensen, J.2
  • 116
    • 0035000497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of lower extremity kinetics for balance control in infants and young children
    • Roncesvalles, N. C., Woollacott, M. H., & Jensen, J. L. (2001) Development of lower extremity kinetics for balance control in infants and young children. Journal of Motor Behavior, 33, 180-192.
    • (2001) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.33 , pp. 180-192
    • Roncesvalles, N.C.1    Woollacott, M.H.2    Jensen, J.L.3
  • 119
    • 0017135324 scopus 로고
    • Muscle activity and postural behavior in newborn infants: A polymyographic study
    • Schloon, H., O'Brien, M. J., Scholten, C. A., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1976). Muscle activity and postural behavior in newborn infants: A polymyographic study. Neuropadiatrie, 7, 384-415.
    • (1976) Neuropadiatrie , vol.7 , pp. 384-415
    • Schloon, H.1    O'Brien, M.J.2    Scholten, C.A.3    Prechtl, H.F.R.4
  • 122
    • 0032892916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of anticipatory postural adjustments in a bimanual load-lifting task in children
    • Schmitz, C., Martin, N., & Assaiante, C. (1999). Development of anticipatory postural adjustments in a bimanual load-lifting task in children. Experimental Brain Research, 126, 200-204.
    • (1999) Experimental Brain Research , vol.126 , pp. 200-204
    • Schmitz, C.1    Martin, N.2    Assaiante, C.3
  • 125
    • 0034177675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of proximal and distal muscles in anticipatory postural adjustments under asymmetrical perturbations and during standing on rollerskates
    • Shiratori. T., & Latash, M. (2000). The roles of proximal and distal muscles in anticipatory postural adjustments under asymmetrical perturbations and during standing on rollerskates. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111, 613-623.
    • (2000) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.111 , pp. 613-623
    • Shiratori, T.1    Latash, M.2
  • 126
    • 0034971999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments during load catching by standing subjects
    • Shiratori, T., & Latash, M. (2001). Anticipatory postural adjustments during load catching by standing subjects. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 1250-1265.
    • (2001) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.112 , pp. 1250-1265
    • Shiratori, T.1    Latash, M.2
  • 128
    • 84952513603 scopus 로고
    • The growth of stability: Postural control from a developmental perspective
    • Shumway-Cook, A. & Woollacott, M. (1985a). The growth of stability: Postural control from a developmental perspective. Journal of Motor Behavior, 17, 131-147.
    • (1985) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.17 , pp. 131-147
    • Shumway-Cook, A.1    Woollacott, M.2
  • 129
    • 0742265248 scopus 로고
    • Postural control in the Down's Syndrome child
    • Shumway-Cook, A. & Woollacott, M.H. (1985b). Postural control in the Down's Syndrome child. Physical Therapy, 9, 161-171.
    • (1985) Physical Therapy , vol.9 , pp. 161-171
    • Shumway-Cook, A.1    Woollacott, M.H.2
  • 133
    • 0033792251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of instability and additional land support on anticipatory postural adjustments in leg, trunk, and arm muscles during standing
    • Slijper, H., & Latash, M. (2000). The effects of instability and additional land support on anticipatory postural adjustments in leg, trunk, and arm muscles during standing. Experimental Brain Research, 135, 81-93.
    • (2000) Experimental Brain Research , vol.135 , pp. 81-93
    • Slijper, H.1    Latash, M.2
  • 134
    • 0037059595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments under simple and choice reaction time conditions
    • Slijper, H., Latash, M. L., & Mordkoff, J. T. (2002). Anticipatory postural adjustments under simple and choice reaction time conditions. Brain Research, 924, 184-197.
    • (2002) Brain Research , vol.924 , pp. 184-197
    • Slijper, H.1    Latash, M.L.2    Mordkoff, J.T.3
  • 136
    • 0031813055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of vision on the automatic postural muscle responses in newly standing and newly walking infants
    • Sundermier, L. & Woollacott, M. H. (1998). The influence of vision on the automatic postural muscle responses in newly standing and newly walking infants. Experimental Brain Research, 120, 537-540.
    • (1998) Experimental Brain Research , vol.120 , pp. 537-540
    • Sundermier, L.1    Woollacott, M.H.2
  • 137
    • 0034939877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of balance control in children: Comparisons of EMG and kinetic variables and chronological and developmental groupings
    • Sundermier, L., Woollacott, M. H., Roncevalles, R. C., & Jensen, J. L. (2001). The development of balance control in children: Comparisons of EMG and kinetic variables and chronological and developmental groupings. Experimental Brain Research, 136, 340-350.
    • (2001) Experimental Brain Research , vol.136 , pp. 340-350
    • Sundermier, L.1    Woollacott, M.H.2    Roncevalles, R.C.3    Jensen, J.L.4
  • 138
    • 0029899726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal development of the automatic postural response in infants
    • Sveistrup, H., & Woollacott, M. H. (1996). Longitudinal development of the automatic postural response in infants. Journal of Motor Behavior, 28, 58-70.
    • (1996) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 58-70
    • Sveistrup, H.1    Woollacott, M.H.2
  • 139
    • 0030905106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice modifies the developing automatic postural response
    • Sveistrup, H., & Woollacott, M. H. (1997). Practice modifies the developing automatic postural response. Experimental Brain Research, 114, 33-43.
    • (1997) Experimental Brain Research , vol.114 , pp. 33-43
    • Sveistrup, H.1    Woollacott, M.H.2
  • 142
    • 0003315496 scopus 로고
    • Development of coordinated movement: Implications for early human development
    • M. G. Wade & H. T. A. Whiting (Eds.). Dordecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
    • Thelen, E. (1986). Development of coordinated movement: Implications for early human development. In M. G. Wade & H. T. A. Whiting (Eds.). Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control (pp. 107-124). Dordecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
    • (1986) Motor Development in Children: Aspects of Coordination and Control , pp. 107-124
    • Thelen, E.1
  • 143
    • 0031899665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural control during reaching in young infants: A dynamic systems approach
    • Thelen, E., & Spencer, J. P. (1998). Postural control during reaching in young infants: A dynamic systems approach. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 22, 507-514.
    • (1998) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 507-514
    • Thelen, E.1    Spencer, J.P.2
  • 144
    • 0036177457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of knowledge of performance and cognitive strategies on motor skill learning in children with cerebral palsy
    • Thorpe, D. E., & Valvano, J. (2002). The effects of knowledge of performance and cognitive strategies on motor skill learning in children with cerebral palsy. Pediattic Physical Therapy, 14, 2-15.
    • (2002) Pediattic Physical Therapy , vol.14 , pp. 2-15
    • Thorpe, D.E.1    Valvano, J.2
  • 145
    • 4043182986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of postural muscle coordination patterns during a functional reaching task in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy
    • Thorpe, D., Zaino, C., Westcott, S., & Valvano, J. (1998). Comparison of postural muscle coordination patterns during a functional reaching task in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 78, S80-81.
    • (1998) Physical Therapy , vol.78
    • Thorpe, D.1    Zaino, C.2    Westcott, S.3    Valvano, J.4
  • 146
    • 0031948838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of postural response patterns during reaching in healthy infants
    • Van der Fits, I. B. M., Hadders-Algra, M. (1998). The development of postural response patterns during reaching in healthy infants. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 22, 521-526.
    • (1998) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 521-526
    • Van Der Fits, I.B.M.1    Hadders-Algra, M.2
  • 147
    • 0032754012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural adjustments during spontaneous and goal-directed arm movements in the first half year of life
    • Van der Fits, I. B., Klip, A. W., van Eykern, L. A., & Hadders-Algra, M. (1999). Postural adjustments during spontaneous and goal-directed arm movements in the first half year of life. Behavioral Brain Research. 106, 75-90.
    • (1999) Behavioral Brain Research , vol.106 , pp. 75-90
    • Van Der Fits, I.B.1    Klip, A.W.2    Van Eykern, L.A.3    Hadders-Algra, M.4
  • 148
    • 0345718954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of postural adjustments during reaching in 6- to 18-month-old infants: Evidence for two transitions
    • Van der Fits, I. B., Otten, E., Klip, A. W., Van Eykern, L. A., & Hadders-Algra, M. (1999). The development of postural adjustments during reaching in 6- to 18-month-old infants: Evidence for two transitions. Experimental Brain Research, 126, 517-528.
    • (1999) Experimental Brain Research , vol.126 , pp. 517-528
    • Van Der Fits, I.B.1    Otten, E.2    Klip, A.W.3    Van Eykern, L.A.4    Hadders-Algra, M.5
  • 150
    • 0031201123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of jumping skill training on walking balance for children with mental retardation and Down syndrome
    • Wang, W. Y., & Chang, J. J. (1997). Effects of jumping skill training on walking balance for children with mental retardation and Down syndrome. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science, 13, 487-495.
    • (1997) Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science , vol.13 , pp. 487-495
    • Wang, W.Y.1    Chang, J.J.2
  • 153
    • 0031865269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of preferences of pediatric physical therapists for assessment and treatment of balance dysfunction in children
    • Westcott, S. L., Hartzler-Murray, K., & Pence, K. (1998). Survey of preferences of pediatric physical therapists for assessment and treatment of balance dysfunction in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 10, 48-61.
    • (1998) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.10 , pp. 48-61
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Hartzler-Murray, K.2    Pence, K.3
  • 154
    • 4043133410 scopus 로고
    • Commentary on: Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia
    • Westcott, S. L., & Lowes, L. P. (1995). Commentary on: Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia. Physical Therapy, 75, 668-669.
    • (1995) Physical Therapy , vol.75 , pp. 668-669
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Lowes, L.P.2
  • 155
    • 0345018828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference in the use of sensory information for maintenance of standing balance in children with different motor disabilities
    • Westcott, S. L., Lowes, L. P., Richardson, P. K., Crowe, T. K., & Deitz, J. (1997). Difference in the use of sensory information for maintenance of standing balance in children with different motor disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39 (Suppl 75), 32-33.
    • (1997) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 75 , pp. 32-33
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Lowes, L.P.2    Richardson, P.K.3    Crowe, T.K.4    Deitz, J.5
  • 156
    • 0031010710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of postural stability in children: Current theories and assessment tools
    • Westcott, S. L., Richardson, P. K., & Lowes, L. P. (1997). Evaluation of postural stability in children: Current theories and assessment tools. Physical Therapy, 77, 629-645.
    • (1997) Physical Therapy , vol.77 , pp. 629-645
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Richardson, P.K.2    Lowes, L.P.3
  • 157
    • 4043102191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison and development of postural muscle activity in children during stand and reach from firm and compliant surfaces
    • Westcott, S. L., & Zaino, C. A. (1997). Comparison and development of postural muscle activity in children during stand and reach from firm and compliant surfaces. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23, 1565.
    • (1997) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , vol.23 , pp. 1565
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Zaino, C.A.2
  • 158
    • 4043184413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of postural muscle activity in children of different ages during stand and reach from firm, compliant, and narrow surfaces
    • Westcott, S. L., Zaino, C. A., Miller, F., & Thorpe, D. E. (1997). Comparison of postural muscle activity in children of different ages during stand and reach from firm, compliant, and narrow surfaces. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 9, 207.
    • (1997) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.9 , pp. 207
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Zaino, C.A.2    Miller, F.3    Thorpe, D.E.4
  • 159
    • 2342552884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural coordination and functional movement skills by degree of cerebral palsy in children age 6-12 years
    • Westcott, S. L., Zaino, C. A., Miller, F., Thorpe, D., & Unanue, R. (1998). Anticipatory postural coordination and functional movement skills by degree of cerebral palsy in children age 6-12 years. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 149.
    • (1998) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , vol.24 , pp. 149
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Zaino, C.A.2    Miller, F.3    Thorpe, D.4    Unanue, R.5
  • 160
    • 4043181589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anticipatory postural control and dynamic balance ability in children with and without cerebral palsy
    • Westcott, S. L., Zaino, C. A., Unanue, R., Thorpe, D., & Miller, F. (1998). Comparison of anticipatory postural control and dynamic balance ability in children with and without cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 40(Suppl 78), 14.
    • (1998) Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 78 , pp. 14
    • Westcott, S.L.1    Zaino, C.A.2    Unanue, R.3    Thorpe, D.4    Miller, F.5
  • 161
  • 162
    • 0002393694 scopus 로고
    • Designing practice for motor learning: Clinical implications
    • M. J. Lister (Ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association
    • Winstein, C. J. (1991). Designing practice for motor learning: Clinical implications. In: M. J. Lister (Ed.) Contemporary management of motor problems: Proceedings of the II Step Conference (pp. 65-76). Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association.
    • (1991) Contemporary Management of Motor Problems: Proceedings of the II Step Conference , pp. 65-76
    • Winstein, C.J.1
  • 167
    • 0023636597 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular posture of the infant and child: Is vision dominant?
    • Woollacott, M., Debu, B., & Mowatt, M. (1987). Neuromuscular posture of the infant and child: Is vision dominant? Journal of Motor Behavior, 19, 167-186.
    • (1987) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 167-186
    • Woollacott, M.1    Debu, B.2    Mowatt, M.3
  • 168
    • 4043165887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posture and gait
    • H. Heuer & S. Keele (Eds). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Woollacott, M. H., & Jensen, J. L. (1996). Posture and gait. In H. Heuer & S. Keele (Eds). Handbook of perception and action, Vol. 2 (pp. 333-403). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1996) Handbook of Perception and Action , vol.2 , pp. 333-403
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Jensen, J.L.2
  • 170
    • 4043138992 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of feedback control of posture and equilibrium
    • E. Fedrizzi, G. Avanzini, & P. Crenna (Eds.). London, England: John Libbey & Co
    • Woollacott, M. H., & Shumway-Cook, A. (1994). Maturation of feedback control of posture and equilibrium. In E. Fedrizzi, G. Avanzini, & P. Crenna (Eds.) Motor development in children (pp. 59-70). London, England: John Libbey & Co.
    • (1994) Motor Development in Children , pp. 59-70
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Shumway-Cook, A.2
  • 171
    • 0001774998 scopus 로고
    • The development of posture and balance control in children
    • M. H. Woollacott, & A. Shumway-Cook (Eds). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press
    • Woollacott, M. H., Shumway-Cook, A., & Williams, H. G. (1989). The development of posture and balance control in children. In M. H. Woollacott, & A. Shumway-Cook (Eds). Development of posture and gait across the life span (pp. 77-96). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
    • (1989) Development of Posture and Gait Across the Life Span , pp. 77-96
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Shumway-Cook, A.2    Williams, H.G.3
  • 172
    • 0002645752 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the sequencing and timing of muscle coordination associated with developmental transitions in balance abilities
    • Woollacott, M. H. & Sveistrup, H. (1992). Changes in the sequencing and timing of muscle coordination associated with developmental transitions in balance abilities. Human Movement Science, 11, 23-36.
    • (1992) Human Movement Science , vol.11 , pp. 23-36
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Sveistrup, H.2
  • 173
    • 0023724452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between muscle responses onset and body segmental movements during postural perturbations in humans
    • Woollacott, M. H., von Hosten, C., & Rosblad, B. (1998). Relation between muscle responses onset and body segmental movements during postural perturbations in humans. Experimental Brain Research, 72, 593-604.
    • (1998) Experimental Brain Research , vol.72 , pp. 593-604
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Von Hosten, C.2    Rosblad, B.3
  • 175
    • 4043157362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of postural muscle activity patterns during a functional reaching task in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy
    • Zaino, C. A., & Westcott, S. L. (1997). Comparison of postural muscle activity patterns during a functional reaching task in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23, 2375.
    • (1997) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , vol.23 , pp. 2375
    • Zaino, C.A.1    Westcott, S.L.2
  • 176
    • 4043061098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of electromyographical and kinetic measures of postural control during weighted and non-weighted reaches in children with typical development
    • Zaino, C. A., Westcott, S. L., Ideishi, R. I., & Gocha, V. (1999). Comparison of electromyographical and kinetic measures of postural control during weighted and non-weighted reaches in children with typical development. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 11, 224.
    • (1999) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.11 , pp. 224
    • Zaino, C.A.1    Westcott, S.L.2    Ideishi, R.I.3    Gocha, V.4
  • 177
    • 4043112366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of postural muscle motor coordination patterns and learning effects in children who are typically developing and children who have cerebral palsy while on compliant and non-compliant surfaces
    • Zaino, C. A., Westcott, S. L., Miller, F., & Thorpe, D. E. (1998). Comparison of postural muscle motor coordination patterns and learning effects in children who are typically developing and children who have cerebral palsy while on compliant and non-compliant surfaces. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 10, 71.
    • (1998) Pediatric Physical Therapy , vol.10 , pp. 71
    • Zaino, C.A.1    Westcott, S.L.2    Miller, F.3    Thorpe, D.E.4
  • 178
    • 21144472304 scopus 로고
    • Vestibular stimulation: A device for off-vertical axis rotation
    • Zimmerman, A. W., Gross, K. C., & Speckhart, F. H. (1993). Vestibular stimulation: A device for off-vertical axis rotation. Infants & Young Children, 6, 56-67.
    • (1993) Infants & Young Children , vol.6 , pp. 56-67
    • Zimmerman, A.W.1    Gross, K.C.2    Speckhart, F.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.