Nurse Practitioner/Physician Assistant Staffing and Critical Care Mortality

Chest

Volumn 146, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1566-1573

  Costa, Deena Kelly ^a   Wallace, David J ^a,b   Barnato, Amber E ^b   Kahn, Jeremy M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; COMORBIDITY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE SURVEY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NURSE PRACTITIONER; PATIENT CARE; PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; AGED; APACHE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRITICAL ILLNESS; FACTUAL DATABASE; MANPOWER; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NURSING; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SAFETY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PROCEDURES; QUALITY CONTROL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRENDS; UNITED STATES; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; APACHE; BENCHMARKING; CRITICAL CARE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NURSE PRACTITIONERS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT CARE TEAM; PATIENT SAFETY; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84914681146     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0566     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. 1 Garland, A, Gershengorn, HB, Staffing in ICUs: physicians and alternative staffing models. Chest 143:1 (2013), 214–221.
2. 2 Gershengorn, HB, Johnson, MP, Factor, P, The use of nonphysician providers in adult intensive care units. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:6 (2012), 600–605.
3. 3 Kleinpell, RM, Reports of role descriptions of acute care nurse practitioners. AACN Clin Issues 9:2 (1998), 290–295.
4. 4 Pastores, SM, O'Connor, MF, Kleinpell, RM, et al. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident duty hour new standards: history, changes, and impact on staffing of intensive care units. Crit Care Med 39:11 (2011), 2540–2549.
5. 5 Cooper, RA, Laud, P, Dietrich, CL, Current and projected workforce of nonphysician clinicians. JAMA 280:9 (1998), 788–794.
6. 6 Kleinpell, RM, Ely, EW, Grabenkort, R, Nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the intensive care unit: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med 36:10 (2008), 2888–2897.
7. 7 American Academy of Physician Assistants. Physician Assistant Census Report: Results From the 2010 AAPA Census Physician Assistants. Alexandria, VA, American Academy of Physicians Assistants, 2010, 1–26.
8. 8 Gershengorn, HB, Wunsch, H, Wahab, R, et al. Impact of nonphysician staffing on outcomes in a medical ICU [published correction appears inChest. 2011;140(5):1393]. Chest 139:6 (2011), 1347–1353.
9. 9 Moote, M, Krsek, C, Kleinpell, R, Todd, B, Physician assistant and nurse practitioner utilization in academic medical centers. Am J Med Qual 26:6 (2011), 452–460.
10. 10 Kirton, OC, Folcik, MA, Ivy, ME, et al. Midlevel practitioner workforce analysis at a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Arch Surg 142:4 (2007), 336–341.
11. 11 Dahle, KL, Smith, JS, Ingersoll, GL, Wilson, JR, Impact of a nurse practitioner on the cost of managing inpatients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 82:5 (1998), 686–688.
12. 12 Russell, D, VorderBruegge, M, Burns, SM, Effect of an outcomes-managed approach to care of neuroscience patients by acute care nurse practitioners. Am J Crit Care 11:4 (2002), 353–362.
13. 13 Rudy, EB, Davidson, LJ, Daly, B, et al. Care activities and outcomes of patients cared for by acute care nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and resident physicians: a comparison. Am J Crit Care 7:4 (1998), 267–281.
14. 14 Zimmerman, JE, Kramer, AA, McNair, DS, Malila, FM, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV: hospital mortality assessment for today's critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 34:5 (2006), 1297–1310.
15. 15 Kahn, JM, Goss, CH, Heagerty, PJ, Kramer, AA, O'Brien, CR, Rubenfeld, GD, Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 355:1 (2006), 41–50.
16. 16 Reineck, LA, Wallace, DJ, Barnato, AE, Kahn, JM, Nighttime intensivist staffing and the timing of death among ICU decedents: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care, 17(5), 2013, R216.
17. 17 Wallace, DJ, Angus, DC, Barnato, AE, Kramer, AA, Kahn, JM, Nighttime intensivist staffing and mortality among critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 366:22 (2012), 2093–2101.
18. 18 Teres, D, Brown, RB, Lemeshow, S, Parsells, JL, A comparison of mortality and charges in two differently staffed intensive care units. Inquiry 20:3 (1983), 282–289.
19. 19 Prasad, M, Iwashyna, TJ, Christie, JD, et al. Effect of work-hours regulations on intensive care unit mortality in United States teaching hospitals. Crit Care Med 37:9 (2009), 2564–2569.
20. 20 Pronovost, PJ, Angus, DC, Dorman, T, Robinson, KA, Dremsizov, TT, Young, TL, Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review. JAMA 288:17 (2002), 2151–2162.
21. 21 Kahn, JM, Brake, H, Steinberg, KP, Intensivist physician staffing and the process of care in academic medical centres. Qual Saf Health Care 16:5 (2007), 329–333.
22. 22 Liang, K-Y, Zeger, SL, Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:1 (1986), 13–22.
23. 23 Zhang, J, Yu, KF, What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 280:19 (1998), 1690–1691.
24. 24 Localio, AR, Margolis, DJ, Berlin, JA, Relative risks and confidence intervals were easily computed indirectly from multivariable logistic regression. J Clin Epidemiol 60:9 (2007), 874–882.
25. 25 Wacholder, S, Binomial regression in GLIM: estimating risk ratios and risk differences. Am J Epidemiol 123:1 (1986), 174–184.
26. 26 Kahn, JM, Kramer, AA, Rubenfeld, GD, Transferring critically ill patients out of hospital improves the standardized mortality ratio: a simulation study. Chest 131:1 (2007), 68–75.
27. 27 Vasilevskis, EE, Kuzniewicz, MW, Dean, ML, et al. Relationship between discharge practices and intensive care unit in-hospital mortality performance: evidence of a discharge bias. Med Care 47:7 (2009), 803–812.
28. 28 Hall, WB, Willis, LE, Medvedev, S, Carson, SS, The implications of long-term acute care hospital transfer practices for measures of in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:1 (2012), 53–57.
29. 29 Stata Statistical Soft ware: Release 11.0 [computer program]. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2009.
30. 30 Christmas, AB, Reynolds, J, Hodges, S, et al. Physician extenders impact trauma systems. J Trauma 58:5 (2005), 917–920.
31. 31 Jastremski, CA, Nonphysician clinicians in the ICU. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 22:1 (2001), 89–94.
32. 32 Fairman, JA, Rowe, JW, Hassmiller, S, Shalala, DE, Broadening the scope of nursing practice. N Engl J Med 364:3 (2011), 193–196.
33. 33 Kawar, E, DiGiovine, B, MICU care delivered by PAs versus residents: do PAs measure up?. JAAPA 24:1 (2011), 36–41.
34. 34 Dubaybo, BA, Samson, MK, Carlson, RW, The role of physician-assistants in critical care units. Chest 99:1 (1991), 89–91.
35. 35 Gracias, VH, Sicoutris, CP, Stawicki, SP, et al. Critical care nurse practitioners improve compliance with clinical practice guidelines in “semiclosed” surgical intensive care unit. J Nurs Care Qual 23:4 (2008), 338–344.
36. 36 Sinuff, T, Cook, D, Giacomini, M, Heyland, D, Dodek, P, Facilitating clinician adherence to guidelines in the intensive care unit: a multicenter, qualitative study. Crit Care Med 35:9 (2007), 2083–2089.
37. 37 Vazirani, S, Hays, RD, Shapiro, MF, Cowan, M, Effect of a multidisciplinary intervention on communication and collaboration among physicians and nurses. Am J Crit Care 14:1 (2005), 71–77.
38. 38 Marschner, IC, Gillett, AC, Relative risk regression: reliable and flexible methods for log-binomial models. Biostatistics 13:1 (2012), 179–192.
39. 39 Zou, G, A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol 159:7 (2004), 702–706.
40. 40 McNutt, L-A, Wu, C, Xue, X, Hafner, JP, Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 157:10 (2003), 940–943.
41. 41 Institute of Medicine. Th e Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: National Academy of the Sciences; 2010.
42. 42 Shultz, CM, Transformation: the Institute of Medicine report on the future of nursing. Nurs Educ Perspect, 31(6), 2010, 345.