Recent trends in the availability and use of amphetamine and methamphetamine in Norway

Forensic Science International

Volumn 246, Issue , 2015, Pages 92-97

  Bramness, Jørgen G ^a,b,c   Reid, Malcolm J ^d   Solvik, Kari Frey ^e   Vindenes, Vigdis ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^c DIAKONHJEMMET HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^d NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEARCH   (Norway)

^e National Criminal Investigation Service   (Norway)

Author keywords

Amphetamine; Metamphetamine; Police; Seizures; Wastewater

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; WASTE WATER;

ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG USE; HUMAN; NORWAY; PRISONER; SEIZURE; SUBURBAN AREA; TREND STUDY; WASTE WATER; WATER SAMPLING; CAR DRIVING; CHEMISTRY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TRENDS;

AMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE-RELATED DISORDERS; AUTOMOBILE DRIVING; AUTOPSY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; HUMANS; METHAMPHETAMINE; NORWAY; PRISONERS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; WASTE WATER;

EID: 84914127577     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: 18726283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.010     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. EMCDDA The State of the Drugs Problem in Europe 2008 2008.
2. EMCDDA Methamphetamine. A European Union Perspective in the Global Context 2009.
3. Maxwell J.C., Rutkowski B.A. The prevalence of methamphetamine and amphetamine abuse in North America: a review of the indicators, 1992-2007. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008, 27:229-235.
4. Shrem M.T., Halkitis P.N. Methamphetamine abuse in the United States: contextual, psychological and sociological considerations. J. Health Psychol. 2008, 13:669-679.
5. Degenhardt L., Roxburgh A., Black E., Bruno R., Campbell G., Kinner S., et al. The epidemiology of methamphetamine use and harm in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008, 27:243-252.
6. McKetin R., Kozel N., Douglas J., Ali R., Vicknasingam B., Lund J., et al. The rise of methamphetamine in Southeast and East Asia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008, 27:220-228.
7. Griffiths P., Mravcik V., Lopez D., Klempova D. Quite a lot of smoke but very limited fire - the use of methamphetamine in Europe. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008, 27:236-242.
8. Bramness J.G. Problem amphetamine and methamphetamine use, related consequences and responses. The Drug Situation in Norway 2009. Annual Report to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction 2009, EMCDDA, Oslo. O. Hordvin (Ed.).
9. Medhus S.E., Holm B., Mørland J., Bramness J.G. Association between methamphetamine versus amphetamine and acute psychiatric symptoms. J. Dual Diagn. 2013, 9(4):292-300.
10. Amundsen E., Bretteville-Jensen A.L. Hard drug use in Norway. Nord. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2010, 27:87-94.
11. Halkitis P.N., Solomon T.M., Moeller R.W., Doig S.A., Espinosa L.S., Siconolfi D., et al. Methamphetamine use among gay, bisexual and nonidentified men-who-have-sex-with-men: an analysis of daily patterns. J. Health Psychol. 2009, 14:222-231.
12. (CDC) CfDCaP HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
13. Sæther J.M. Eksplosjon av Metamfetamin Dagsavisen 2007, http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/article318434.ece (accessed 13.08.09).
14. Jones T. Bavarian Police Report Large Increase in Seizures of Czech Amphetamines. czechposition.com 07.02.12 2012, http://www.ceskapozice.cz/en/news/society/bavarian-police-report-large-increase-seizures-czech-amphetamines (accessed 27.10.13).
15. Lararová D. Czechs and Poles to join forces against illegal pervitin production. Radio Praha 08.01.13 2013, http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czechs-and-poles-to-join-forces-against-illegal-pervitin-production (accessed 27.10.13).
16. Smith H. Greek addicts turn to deadly shisha drug as economic crisis deepens. The Guardian 16.05.2013 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/16/greek-addicts-sisha-drug-crisis (accessed 27.10.13).
17. EMCDDA Perspective on Drugs. Synthetic Drug Production in Europe 2013, EMCDDA, http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-drug-production (accessed 28.10.13).
18. Christophersen A.S., Morland J. Drugged driving, a review based on the experience in Norway. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997, 47:125-135.
19. Vindenes V., Lund H.M., Andresen W., Gjerde H., Ikdahl S.E., Christophersen A.S., Øiestad E.L. Detection of drugs of abuse in simultaneously collected oral fluid, urine and blood from Norwegian drug drivers. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 219:165-171.
20. Gjerde H., Hasvold I., Pettersen G., Christophersen A.S. Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in blood by derivatization with perfluorooctanoyl chloride and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1993, 17:65-68.
21. Kripos Drug Statistics 2008 2009.
22. Reid M.J., Langford K.H., Mørland J., Thomas K.V. Quantitative assessment of time dependent drug-use trends by the analysis of drugs and related metabolites in raw sewage. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011, 119:179-186.
23. Sloboda Z. Epidemiology of Drug Abuse 2005, Springer, New York.
24. Cruickshank C.C., Dyer K.R. A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine. Addiction 2009, 104:1085-1099.
25. Wiese Simonsen K., Normann P.T., Ceder G., Vuori E., Thordardottir S., Thelander G., Hansen A.C., Teige B., Rollmann D. Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 207:170-176.
26. Lamb R.J., Henningfield J.E. Human d-amphetamine 555 drug discrimination: methamphetamine and hydromorphone. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1994, 61:169-180.
27. Kirkpatrick M.G., Gunderson E.W., Johanson C.E., Levin F.R., Foltin R., Hart C.L. Comparison of intranasal methamphetamine and d-amphetamine self-administration by humans. Addiction 2011, 107:783-791.
28. Harman C., Reid M., Thomas K.V. In situ calibration of a passive sampling device for selected illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater, and subsequent year-long assessment of community drug usage. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:5676-5682.
29. Jones A.W., Holmgren A. Concentration ratios of methamphetamine to amphetamine in blood can help to distinguish use of methamphetamine from various mixtures of the two stimulants. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2012, 36:634-637.
30. Bramness J., Skurtveit S., Morland J. Clinical impairment of benzodiazepines-relation between benzodiazepine concentrations and impairment in apprehended drivers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 68:131-141.
31. Simonsen W.S., Edvardsen H.M.E., Thelander G., Ojanperä I., Thordardottir S., Andersen L.V., Kriikku P., Vindenes V., Christoffersen D.G., Delaveris G.J.M., Frost J. Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2012. Forensic Sci Int. 2014, (submitted for publication).