메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 725-737

Absence of protective effect of oral contraceptive use on the development of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Author keywords

Meta analysis; Oral contraceptives; Rheumatoid arthritis; Risk factor

Indexed keywords

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84913593745     PISSN: 17561841     EISSN: 1756185X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12413     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 77953289185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The environment, geo-epidemiology, and autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis
    • Tobon GJ, Youinou P, Saraux A (2010) The environment, geo-epidemiology, and autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 35 (1), 10-14.
    • (2010) J Autoimmun , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-14
    • Tobon, G.J.1    Youinou, P.2    Saraux, A.3
  • 2
    • 1442352158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Kvien TK (2004) Epidemiology and burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacoeconomics 22 (2 Suppl 1), 1-12.
    • (2004) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-12
    • Kvien, T.K.1
  • 3
    • 0029897239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversy of oral contraceptives and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analysis of conflicting studies and review of conflicting meta-analyses with special emphasis on analysis of heterogeneity
    • Pladevall-Vila M, Delclos GL, Varas C, Guyer H, Brugues-Tarradellas J, Anglada-Arisa A (1996) Controversy of oral contraceptives and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analysis of conflicting studies and review of conflicting meta-analyses with special emphasis on analysis of heterogeneity. Am J Epidemiol 144 (1), 1-14.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Pladevall-Vila, M.1    Delclos, G.L.2    Varas, C.3    Guyer, H.4    Brugues-Tarradellas, J.5    Anglada-Arisa, A.6
  • 4
    • 79952695920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of sexually transmitted viral infections in women: the role of female sex hormones in regulating susceptibility and immune responses
    • Kaushic C, Roth KL, Anipindi V, Xiu F (2011) Increased prevalence of sexually transmitted viral infections in women: the role of female sex hormones in regulating susceptibility and immune responses. J Reprod Immunol 88 (2), 204-9.
    • (2011) J Reprod Immunol , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 204-209
    • Kaushic, C.1    Roth, K.L.2    Anipindi, V.3    Xiu, F.4
  • 5
    • 67650081125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decrease of soluble RAGE levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients following hormone replacement therapy is associated with increased bone mineral density and diminished bone/cartilage turnover: a randomized controlled trial
    • Pullerits R, d'Elia HF, Tarkowski A, Carlsten H (2009) The decrease of soluble RAGE levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients following hormone replacement therapy is associated with increased bone mineral density and diminished bone/cartilage turnover: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48 (7), 785-90.
    • (2009) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.48 , Issue.7 , pp. 785-790
    • Pullerits, R.1    d'Elia, H.F.2    Tarkowski, A.3    Carlsten, H.4
  • 6
    • 0033012278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of oral contraceptives
    • Sherif K (1999) Benefits and risks of oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180 (6 Pt 2), S343-8.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , Issue.6 PART. 2 , pp. S343-S348
    • Sherif, K.1
  • 7
    • 84872789643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-contraceptive benefits of oral hormonal contraceptives
    • Schindler AE (2013) Non-contraceptive benefits of oral hormonal contraceptives. Int J Endocrinol Metabol 11 (1), 41-7.
    • (2013) Int J Endocrinol Metabol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Schindler, A.E.1
  • 8
    • 33745182289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Oliver JE, Silman AJ (2006) Risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 35 (3), 169-74.
    • (2006) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-174
    • Oliver, J.E.1    Silman, A.J.2
  • 9
    • 0036316513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom: new estimates for a new century
    • Symmons D, Turner G, Webb R et al. (2002) The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom: new estimates for a new century. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41 (7), 793-800.
    • (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 793-800
    • Symmons, D.1    Turner, G.2    Webb, R.3
  • 10
    • 0024831230 scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of the analytical epidemiological studies using meta-analysis
    • discussion 18-23.
    • Spector TD, Hochberg MC (1989) The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of the analytical epidemiological studies using meta-analysis. Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 11-12; discussion 18-23.
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 11-12
    • Spector, T.D.1    Hochberg, M.C.2
  • 11
    • 0024848811 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of a conflicting literature
    • discussion 18-23
    • Romieu I, Hernandez-Avila M, Liang MH (1989) Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of a conflicting literature. Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 13-17; discussion 18-23
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 13-17
    • Romieu, I.1    Hernandez-Avila, M.2    Liang, M.H.3
  • 13
    • 0023484789 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature
    • Greenland S (1987) Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev 9, 1-30.
    • (1987) Epidemiol Rev , vol.9 , pp. 1-30
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 14
    • 0032544993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes
    • Zhang J, Yu KF (1998) What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 280 (19), 1690-1.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , Issue.19 , pp. 1690-1691
    • Zhang, J.1    Yu, K.F.2
  • 15
    • 0022992740 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis in clinical trials
    • DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986) Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 7 (3), 177-88.
    • (1986) Control Clin Trials , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-188
    • Der Simonian, R.1    Laird, N.2
  • 16
    • 33947133690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trying to be precise about vagueness
    • Senn S (2007) Trying to be precise about vagueness. Stat Med 26 (7), 1417-30.
    • (2007) Stat Med , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1417-1430
    • Senn, S.1
  • 17
    • 77949539302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin B6 and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A (2010) Vitamin B6 and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 303 (11), 1077-83.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , Issue.11 , pp. 1077-1083
    • Larsson, S.C.1    Orsini, N.2    Wolk, A.3
  • 18
    • 0036307319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgens and estrogens modulate the immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Cutolo M, Seriolo B, Villaggio B, Pizzorni C, Craviotto C, Sulli A (2002) Androgens and estrogens modulate the immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 966, 131-42.
    • (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.966 , pp. 131-142
    • Cutolo, M.1    Seriolo, B.2    Villaggio, B.3    Pizzorni, C.4    Craviotto, C.5    Sulli, A.6
  • 19
    • 84555206571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis for linear and nonlinear dose-response relations: examples, an evaluation of approximations, and software
    • Orsini N, Li R, Wolk A, Khudyakov P, Spiegelman D (2012) Meta-analysis for linear and nonlinear dose-response relations: examples, an evaluation of approximations, and software. Am J Epidemiol 175 (1), 66-73.
    • (2012) Am J Epidemiol , vol.175 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-73
    • Orsini, N.1    Li, R.2    Wolk, A.3    Khudyakov, P.4    Spiegelman, D.5
  • 20
    • 0041876133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
    • Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327 (7414), 557-60.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , Issue.7414 , pp. 557-560
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Deeks, J.J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 22
    • 0030922816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
    • Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315 (7109), 629-34.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , Issue.7109 , pp. 629-634
    • Egger, M.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Schneider, M.3    Minder, C.4
  • 24
    • 79961100744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent-onset inflammatory polyarthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register
    • Camacho EM, Lunt M, Farragher TM, Verstappen SM, Bunn DK, Symmons DP (2011) The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent-onset inflammatory polyarthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Arthritis Rheum 63 (8), 2183-91.
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum , vol.63 , Issue.8 , pp. 2183-2191
    • Camacho, E.M.1    Lunt, M.2    Farragher, T.M.3    Verstappen, S.M.4    Bunn, D.K.5    Symmons, D.P.6
  • 25
    • 78649700479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of female hormonal factors, in relation to autoantibodies and genetic markers, on the development of rheumatoid arthritis in northern Sweden: a case-control study
    • Berglin E, Kokkonen H, Einarsdottir E, Agren A, Dahlqvist SR (2010) Influence of female hormonal factors, in relation to autoantibodies and genetic markers, on the development of rheumatoid arthritis in northern Sweden: a case-control study. Scand J Rheumatol 39 (6), 454-60.
    • (2010) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 454-460
    • Berglin, E.1    Kokkonen, H.2    Einarsdottir, E.3    Agren, A.4    Dahlqvist, S.R.5
  • 26
    • 65249126889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast feeding, but not use of oral contraceptives, is associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Pikwer M, Bergstrom U, Nilsson JA, Jacobsson L, Berglund G, Turesson C (2009) Breast feeding, but not use of oral contraceptives, is associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 68 (4), 526-30.
    • (2009) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 526-530
    • Pikwer, M.1    Bergstrom, U.2    Nilsson, J.A.3    Jacobsson, L.4    Berglund, G.5    Turesson, C.6
  • 27
    • 34247550770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides
    • Pedersen M, Jacobsen S, Klarlund M et al. (2006) Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides. Arthritis Res Ther 8 (4), R133.
    • (2006) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. R133
    • Pedersen, M.1    Jacobsen, S.2    Klarlund, M.3
  • 28
    • 8444248684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the nurses' health study
    • Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F (2004) Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the nurses' health study. Arthritis Rheum 50 (11), 3458-67.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , Issue.11 , pp. 3458-3467
    • Karlson, E.W.1    Mandl, L.A.2    Hankinson, S.E.3    Grodstein, F.4
  • 29
    • 0742287841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study
    • Doran MF, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE (2004) The effect of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study. J Rheumatol 31 (2), 207-13.
    • (2004) J Rheumatol , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-213
    • Doran, M.F.1    Crowson, C.S.2    O'Fallon, W.M.3    Gabriel, S.E.4
  • 30
    • 0242410675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women
    • Merlino LA, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Mikuls TR, Saag KG (2003) Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women. Semin Arthritis Rheum 33 (2), 72-82.
    • (2003) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-82
    • Merlino, L.A.1    Cerhan, J.R.2    Criswell, L.A.3    Mikuls, T.R.4    Saag, K.G.5
  • 31
    • 0034820733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity and lifestyle, reproductive factors, and environmental exposures associated with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Reckner Olsson A, Skogh T, Wingren G (2001) Comorbidity and lifestyle, reproductive factors, and environmental exposures associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 60 (10), 934-9.
    • (2001) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 934-939
    • Reckner Olsson, A.1    Skogh, T.2    Wingren, G.3
  • 32
    • 0032924454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lack of associations between rheumatoid arthritis and both nulliparity and infertility
    • Pope JE, Bellamy N, Stevens A (1999) The lack of associations between rheumatoid arthritis and both nulliparity and infertility. Semin Arthritis Rheum 28 (5), 342-50.
    • (1999) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 342-350
    • Pope, J.E.1    Bellamy, N.2    Stevens, A.3
  • 33
    • 0030983257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study
    • Brennan P, Bankhead C, Silman A, Symmons D (1997) Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 26 (6), 817-23.
    • (1997) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 817-823
    • Brennan, P.1    Bankhead, C.2    Silman, A.3    Symmons, D.4
  • 34
    • 0030030989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraception, parity, breast feeding, and severity of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Jorgensen C, Picot MC, Bologna C, Sany J (1996) Oral contraception, parity, breast feeding, and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 55 (2), 94-8.
    • (1996) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 94-98
    • Jorgensen, C.1    Picot, M.C.2    Bologna, C.3    Sany, J.4
  • 35
    • 0026571851 scopus 로고
    • Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Silman A, Kay A, Brennan P (1992) Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 35 (2), 152-5.
    • (1992) Arthritis Rheum , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-155
    • Silman, A.1    Kay, A.2    Brennan, P.3
  • 36
    • 0025047461 scopus 로고
    • Diminished incidence of severe rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptive use
    • van Zeben D, Hazes JM, Vandenbroucke JP, Dijkmans BA, Cats A (1990) Diminished incidence of severe rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptive use. Arthritis Rheum 33 (10), 1462-5.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1462-1465
    • van Zeben, D.1    Hazes, J.M.2    Vandenbroucke, J.P.3    Dijkmans, B.A.4    Cats, A.5
  • 37
    • 0025326633 scopus 로고
    • The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis
    • Spector TD, Roman E, Silman AJ (1990) The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 33 (6), 782-9.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 782-789
    • Spector, T.D.1    Roman, E.2    Silman, A.J.3
  • 38
    • 0024991917 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of oral contraceptive use to rheumatoid arthritis
    • Moskowitz MA, Jick SS, Burnside S et al. (1990) The relationship of oral contraceptive use to rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology (Cambridge) 1 (2), 153-6.
    • (1990) Epidemiology (Cambridge) , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-156
    • Moskowitz, M.A.1    Jick, S.S.2    Burnside, S.3
  • 39
    • 0025312975 scopus 로고
    • Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Hernandez-Avila M, Liang MH, Willett WC et al. (1990) Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 33 (7), 947-53.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 947-953
    • Hernandez-Avila, M.1    Liang, M.H.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 42
    • 0024822797 scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis and oral contraceptives in the Greek female population: a case-control study
    • discussion 42-35.
    • Linos A, Kaklamanis E, Kontomerkos A, Vagiopoulos G, Tjonou A, Kaklamanis P (1989) Rheumatoid arthritis and oral contraceptives in the Greek female population: a case-control study. Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 37; discussion 42-35.
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 37
    • Linos, A.1    Kaklamanis, E.2    Kontomerkos, A.3    Vagiopoulos, G.4    Tjonou, A.5    Kaklamanis, P.6
  • 43
    • 0024844942 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary findings from a case-control study of the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to oral contraceptive use
    • discussion 42-45.
    • Koepsell T, Dugowson C, Voigt L et al. (1989) Preliminary findings from a case-control study of the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to oral contraceptive use. Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 41; discussion 42-45.
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 41
    • Koepsell, T.1    Dugowson, C.2    Voigt, L.3
  • 44
    • 0024848812 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: new data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
    • discussion 42-35
    • Hannaford PC, Kay CR (1989) Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: new data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 36; discussion 42-35
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 36
    • Hannaford, P.C.1    Kay, C.R.2
  • 45
    • 0023191937 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis
    • Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Yeates D (1987) Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Contraception 35 (5), 457-64.
    • (1987) Contraception , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 457-464
    • Vessey, M.P.1    Villard-Mackintosh, L.2    Yeates, D.3
  • 46
    • 0023413306 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of rheumatoid arthritis in Lebanon
    • Darwish MJ, Armenian HK (1987) A case-control study of rheumatoid arthritis in Lebanon. Int J Epidemiol 16 (3), 420-4.
    • (1987) Int J Epidemiol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 420-424
    • Darwish, M.J.1    Armenian, H.K.2
  • 47
    • 84944284049 scopus 로고
    • Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Witteman JC, Valkenburg HA et al. (1986) Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. JAMA 255 (10), 1299-303.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.255 , Issue.10 , pp. 1299-1303
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Witteman, J.C.2    Valkenburg, H.A.3
  • 48
    • 0021784188 scopus 로고
    • Do oral contraceptives prevent rheumatoid arthritis?
    • Del Junco DJ, Annegers JF, Luthra HS (1985) Do oral contraceptives prevent rheumatoid arthritis? JAMA 254 (14), 1938-41.
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.254 , Issue.14 , pp. 1938-1941
    • Del Junco, D.J.1    Annegers, J.F.2    Luthra, H.S.3
  • 49
    • 0021280881 scopus 로고
    • Do oral contraceptives reduce the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis? A pilot study using the Stockholm County medical information system
    • Allebeck P, Ahlbom A, Ljungstrom K, Allander E (1984) Do oral contraceptives reduce the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis? A pilot study using the Stockholm County medical information system. Scand J Rheumatol 13 (2), 140-6.
    • (1984) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-146
    • Allebeck, P.1    Ahlbom, A.2    Ljungstrom, K.3    Allander, E.4
  • 50
    • 0019985009 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: further evidence for a preventive effect
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Valkenburg HA, Boersma JW (1982) Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: further evidence for a preventive effect. Lancet 2 (8303), 839-42.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8303 , pp. 839-842
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Valkenburg, H.A.2    Boersma, J.W.3
  • 51
    • 84919585918 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
    • Wingrave SJ (1978) Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Lancet 1 (8064), 569-71.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8064 , pp. 569-571
    • Wingrave, S.J.1
  • 52
    • 0037258518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies
    • Mann C (2003) Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies. Emerg Med J 20 (1), 54-60.
    • (2003) Emerg Med J , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-60
    • Mann, C.1
  • 53
    • 0031468184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from venous thromboembolism among young women in Europe: no evidence for any effect of third generation oral contraceptives
    • Farmer R, Newson R, MacRae K, Lawrenson R, Tyrer F (1997) Mortality from venous thromboembolism among young women in Europe: no evidence for any effect of third generation oral contraceptives. J Epidemiol Community Health 51 (6), 630-5.
    • (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 630-635
    • Farmer, R.1    Newson, R.2    MacRae, K.3    Lawrenson, R.4    Tyrer, F.5
  • 55
    • 0036251320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and oral contraceptive use do not significantly influence outcome in long term rheumatoid arthritis
    • Drossaers-Bakker KW, Zwinderman AH, van Zeben D, Breedveld FC, Hazes JM (2002) Pregnancy and oral contraceptive use do not significantly influence outcome in long term rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 61 (5), 405-8.
    • (2002) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-408
    • Drossaers-Bakker, K.W.1    Zwinderman, A.H.2    van Zeben, D.3    Breedveld, F.C.4    Hazes, J.M.5
  • 56
    • 0024848810 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: the great transatlantic divide?
    • discussion 18-23.
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Hazes JM, Dijkmans BA, Cats A (1989) Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: the great transatlantic divide? Br J Rheumatol 28 (Suppl 1), 1-3; discussion 18-23.
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , pp. 1-3
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Hazes, J.M.2    Dijkmans, B.A.3    Cats, A.4
  • 57
    • 0022535432 scopus 로고
    • Observational studies of cause-effect relationships: an analysis of methodologic problems as illustrated by the conflicting data for the role of oral contraceptives in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Esdaile JM, Horwitz RI (1986) Observational studies of cause-effect relationships: an analysis of methodologic problems as illustrated by the conflicting data for the role of oral contraceptives in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. J Chronic Dis 39 (10), 841-52.
    • (1986) J Chronic Dis , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 841-852
    • Esdaile, J.M.1    Horwitz, R.I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.