The Lofoten Vortex of the Nordic Seas

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 96, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-14

  Raj, Roshin P ^a,b,c   Chafik, Léon ^d   Nilsen, J Even Ø ^a,c   Eldevik, Tor ^b,c   Halo, Issufo ^e,f  

^a NANSEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND REMOTE SENSING CENTER   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^c BJERKNES CENTRE FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^d STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^f Nansen Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental Research   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Convection; Eddy kinetic energy; Heat loss; Lofoten basin; Lofoten vortex; Norwegian atlantic current

Indexed keywords

HEAT CONVECTION; HEAT LOSSES; KINETIC ENERGY; KINETICS; RESERVOIRS (WATER);

ANTI-CYCLONIC VORTICES; EDDY KINETIC ENERGY; LOFOTEN BASIN; MERGING PROCESS; MESOSCALE STRUCTURE; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; WINTER CONVECTION;

VORTEX FLOW;

ANTICYCLONE; DEEP WATER FORMATION; EDDY; HEAT FLUX; HYDROGRAPHY; KINETIC ENERGY; VORTEX;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; LOFOTEN BASIN; NORWEGIAN SEA;

EID: 84913555893     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Andersson M., Orvik K.A., LaCasce J.H., Koszalka I., Mauritzen C. Variability of the Norwegian Atlantic Current and associated eddy field from surface drifters. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C08032. 10.1029/2011JC007078.
2. Barron C.N., Kara A.B. Satellite-based daily SSTs over the global ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L15603. 10.1029/2006GL026356.
3. Benilov E.S. Stability of a two-layer quasigeostrophic vortex over axisymmetric localized topography. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 35:123-130.
4. Blindheim J., Rey F. Water-mass formation and distribution in the Nordic seas during the 1990s. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 2004, 61:846-863.
5. Bunker A.F. Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Weather Rev. 1976, 104(9):1122-1140.
6. Carnevale G.F., Cavazza P., Orlandi P., Purini R. An explanation for anomalous vortex merger in rotating-tank experiments. Phys. Fluids A 1991, 3:1411-1415.
7. Carnevale G.F., Kloosterziel R.C., van Heijst G.J.F. Propagation of barotropic vortices over topography in a rotating tank. J. Fluid Mech. 1991, 223:119-139.
8. Chaigneau A., Pizarro O. Eddy characteristics in the eastern South Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:C06005. 10.1029/2004JC002815.
9. Chaigneau A., Gizolme A., Grados C. Mesoscale eddies off Peru in altimeter records: identification algorithms and eddy spatiotemporal patterns. Prog. Oceanogr. 2008, 79:106-119. 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.013.
10. Chelton D.B. Effects of sampling errors in statistical estimation. Deep Sea Res. Part A 1983, 30:1083-1103.
11. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G., Samelson R.M., Szoeke R.A. Global observations of large oceanic eddies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L15606. 10.1029/2007GL030812.
12. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G., Samelson R.M. Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies. Prog. Oceanogr. 2011, 91:167-216.
13. Ducet N., LeTraon P.Y., Reverdin G. Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and 2. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:19477-19498.
14. Eldevik T., Nilsen J.E.Ø., Iovino D., Olsson K.A., Sandø A.B., Drange H. Observed sources and variability of Nordic seas overflow. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2:406-410. 10.1038/ngeo518.
15. Eldevik T., Nilsen J.E.Ø. The Arctic-Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate 2013, 26:8698-8705.
16. Furevik T., Nilsen J.E.Ø. Large-scale atmospheric circulation variability and its impacts on the Nordic Seas ocean climate-a review. The Nordic Seas: an integrated perspective. AGU Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 2005, 158:105-136.
17. Gascard J.C., Mork K.A. Climatic importance of large scale and mesoscale circulation in the Lofoten Basin deduced from lagrangian observations. Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate 2008, 131-143. Springer, The Netherlands. 10.1007/978-1-4020-6774-7_7. R.R. Dickson, J. Meincke, P. Rhines (Eds.).
18. Halo, I., 2012. The Mozambique Channel Eddies: Characteristics and Mechanisms of Formation. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
19. Halo I., Backeberg B., Penven P., Ansorge I., Reason C., Ullgren J.E. Eddy properties in the Mozambique Channel: a comparison between observations and two numerical ocean circulation models. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2014, 100:38-53.
20. Isachsen P.E., Mauritzen C., Svendsen H. Dense water formation in the Nordic Seas diagnosed from sea surface buoyancy fluxes. Deep Sea Res. Part 1 2007, 54:22-41. 10.1016/j.dsr.2006.09.008.
21. Isachsen P.E., Koszalka I., LaCasce J.H. Observed and modeled surface eddy heat fluxes in the eastern Nordic Seas. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:c08020. 10.1029/2012JC007935.
22. Isern-Fontanet J., García-Ladona E., Font J. Vortices of the Mediterranean Sea: an altimetric perspective. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:87-103.
23. Ivanov V., Korablev A. Formation and regeneration of the pycnocline lens in the Norwegian Sea. Russ. Meteor. Hydrol 1995, 9:62-69.
24. Ivanov V., Korablev A. Interpycnocline lens dynamics in the Norwegian Sea. Russ. Meteor. Hydrol 1995, 10:32-37.
25. Köhl A. Generation and stability of a quasi-permanent vortex in the Lofoten basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr 2007, 37:2637-2651.
26. Koszalka I., LaCasce J.H., Andersson M., Orvik K.A., Mauritzen C. Surface circulation in the Nordic Seas from clustered drifters. Deep Sea Res. Part 1 2011, 58:468-485. 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.01.007.
27. Le Traon P.Y., Ogor F. ERS-1/2 orbit improvement using TOPEX/Poseidon: the 2cm challenge. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:8045-8057.
28. McGillicuddy, Johnson D.J.R., Siegel D.A., Michaels A.F., Bates N.R., Knap A.H. Mesoscale variations of biogeochemical properties in the Sargasso Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:13381-13394.
29. McGillicuddy D.J., Anderson L.A., Bates N.R., Bibby T., Buesseler K.O., Carlson C.A., Davis C.S., Ewart C., Falkowski P.G., Goldthwait S.A., Hansell D.A., Jenkins W.J., Johnson R., Kosnyrev V.K., Ledwell J.R., Li Q.P., Siegel D.A., Steinberg D.K. Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms. Science 2007, 316:1021-1026. 10.1126/science.1136256.
30. Mork K.A., Skagseth Ø. A quantitative description of the Norwegian Atlantic Current by combining altimetry and hydrography. Ocean Sci. 2010, 6:901-911.
31. Nilsen J.E.Ø., Gao Y., Drange H., Furevik T., Bentsen M. Simulated North Atlantic-Nordic Seas water mass exchanges in an isopycnic coordinate OGCM. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(10). 10.1029/2002GL016597.
32. Nilsen J.E.Ø., Falck E. Variation of mixed layer properties in the Norwegian Sea for the period 1948-1999. Prog. Oceanogr. 2006, 70:58-90. 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.014.
33. Nilsen J.E.Ø., Hatun H., Mork K.A., Valdimarsson H. The NISE Data Set. Technical Report 08-01, Faroese Fisheries Laboratory, Box 3051 2008, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
34. Nøst O.A., Isachsen P.E. The large-scale time-mean ocean circulation in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean estimated from simplified dynamics. J. Mar. Res. 2003, 61:175-210.
35. Okubo A. Horizontal dispersion of floatable particles in the vicinity of velocity singularities such as convergences. Deep Sea Res. 1970, 17:445-454.
36. Oliver K.I.C., Eldevik T., Stevens D.P., Watson A. A Greenland Sea perspective on the dynamics of post-convective eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:2755-2771.
37. Orvik K.A., Skagseth Ø., Mork M. Atlantic Inflow to the Nordic Seas. Current structure and volume fluxes from moored current meters, VM-ADCP and SeaSoar-CTD observations, 1995-1999. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2001, 48(4):937-957.
38. Orvik K.A., Niiler P. Major pathways of Atlantic water in the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas toward Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29(19):1896. 10.1029/2002GL015002.
39. Orvik K.A. The deepening of the Atlantic water in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea, demonstrated by using an active reduced gravity model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L01306. 10.1029/2003GL018687.
40. Poulain P.M., Warn-Varnas A., Niiler P.P. Near-surface circulation of the Nordic seas as measured by Lagrangian drifters. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101(C8):237-258.
41. Penven P., Échevin V., Pasapera J., Colas F., Tam J. Average circulation, seasonal cycle and mesoscale dynamics of the Peru Current System: a modeling approach. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110(2005):C10021.
42. Rhines P.B., Hakkinen S., Josey S. Is oceanic heat transport significant in the climate system?. Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate 2008, 87-109. Springer, The Netherlands. 10.1007/978-1-4020-6774-7_7. R.R. Dickson, J. Meincke, P. Rhines (Eds.).
43. Rio M.H., Guinehut S., Larnicol G. New CNES-CLS09 global mean dynamic topography computed from the combination of GRACE data, altimetry, and in situ measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C07018. 10.1029/2010JC006505.
44. Rodriguez-Marroyo R., Alvaro V. Vortex mergers in oceanic tripoles. J. Phys. Oceanogr 2011, 41:1239-1251. 10.1175/2011JPO4582.1.
45. Rossby T., Ozhigin V., Ivshin V., Bacon S. An isopycnal view of the Nordic Seas hydrography with focus on properties of the Lofoten Basin. Deep Sea Res. Part 1 2009, 56. 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.07.005.
46. Skagseth Ø., Orvik K.A., Furevik T. Coherent variability of the Norwegian Atlantic slope current determined by using TOPEX/ERS altimeter data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L14304. 10.1029/2004GL020057.
47. Skagseth Ø., Mork K.A. Heat content in the Norwegian Sea during 1995-2005. Ices J. Mar. Sci. 2012, 69(5):826-832. 10.1093/icesjms/fss026.
48. Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., 1989. Statistical Methods, eight ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Lowa.
49. Søiland H., Rossby T. On the structure of the Lofoten Basin Eddy. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 2013, 118:4201-4212. 10.1002/jgrc.20301.
50. Voet G., Quadfasel D., Mork K.A., Søiland H. The mid-depth circulation of the Nordic Seas derived from profiling float observations. Tellus Ser. A 2010, 62(4):516-529. 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00444.x.
51. Volkov D.L., Pujol I. Quality assessment of a satellite altimetry data product in the Nordic Seas, Barents, and Kara seas. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:1978-2012. 10.1029/2011JC007557.
52. Volkov D.L., Belonenko T.V., Foux V.R. Puzzling over the dynamics of the Lofoten Basin-a sub-Arctic hot spot of ocean variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, 40:738-743. 10.1002/grl.50126.
53. Wadhams P., Budéus G., Wilkinson J.P., Løyning T., Pavlov V. The multi-year development of long-lived convective chimneys in the Greenland Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31(738-743):L06306. 10.1029/2003GL019017.
54. Weiss J. The dynamics of enstrophy transfer in two-dimensional hydrodynamics. Physica D 1991, 48:273-294.