Parent psychological adjustment, donor conception and disclosure: A follow-up over 10 years

Human Reproduction

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2487-2496

  Blake, L ^a   Jadva, V ^a   Golombok, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

disclosure; donor insemination; egg donation; gamete donation; psychological well being

Indexed keywords

ADJUSTMENT; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; CONCEPTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FATHER; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MALE; MOTHER; OOCYTE DONATION; PARENTAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CHILD; CHILD PARENT RELATION; INFANT; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; PARENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HETEROLOGOUS; MALE; OOCYTE DONATION; PARENTING; PARENTS; TRUTH DISCLOSURE;

EID: 84913534322     PISSN: 02681161     EISSN: 14602350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu231     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abidin RR. Parenting Stress Index. Professional Manual, 3rd edn. Odessa, USA: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. 1990.
2. Appleby J, Blake L, Freeman T. Is disclosure in the best interests of children conceived by donation? In: Richards M, Pennings G, Appleby JB (eds). Reproductive Donation: Practice, Policy and Bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 231-249.
3. Barry TD, Dunlap ST, Cotten SJ, Lochman JE, Wells KC. The influence of maternal stress and distress on disruptive behavior problems in boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2005;44:265-273.
4. Blake L, Casey P, Readings J, Jadva V, Golombok S. 'Daddy ran out of tadpoles': how parents tell their children that they are donor conceived, and what their 7-year-olds understand. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2527-2534. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq208.
5. Caughlin JP, Scott AM, Miller LE, Hefner V. Putative secrets: when information is supposedly a secret. J Soc Pers Relat 2009;26:713-743.
6. CicchettiD, Rogosch F, Toth SL.Maternal depressive disorder and contextual risk: contributions to the development of attachment insecurity and behavior problemsin toddlerhood. Dev Psychopathology 1998;10:283-300.
7. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis. Curr Dir Psycholog Sci 1992;1:98-101.
8. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Brit J Psychiatry 1987;150:782-786.
9. Culley L, Hudson N, Lohan M. Where are all the men? The marginalization of men in social scientific research on infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2013. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.06.009
10. Daniels K. Information sharing in donor insemination: a conflict of rights and needs. Camb Q Healthc Ethic 1995;4:217-224.
11. Deater-Deckard K. Parenting stress and child adjustment: some old hypotheses and new questions. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 1998;5:314-332.
12. Dix T, Meunier LN. Depressive symptoms and parenting competence: an analysis of 13 regulatory processes. Dev Rev 2009;29:45-68. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2008.11.002.
13. Dooley M, Nolan A, Sarma KM. The psychological impact of male factor infertility and fertility treatment on men?: a qualitative study. Irish J Psychol 2011;32:37-41.
14. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London, England: Sage Publications, Inc, 2009.
15. Fisher JRW, Hammarberg K. Psychological and social aspects of infertility in men: an overview of the evidence and implications for psychologically informed clinical care and future research. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:121-129. doi:10.1038/aja.2011.72.
16. Golombok S, Brewaeys A,Cook R, GiavazziMT, Guerra D, Mantovani A, van Hall E, Crosignani PG, Dexeus S. The European study of assisted reproduction families: family functioning and child development. Hum Reprod 1996;11:2324-2331.
17. Golombok S, Brewaeys A, Giavazzi MT, Guerra D, MacCallum F, Rust J. The European study of assisted reproduction families: the transition to adolescence. Hum Reprod 2002a;17:830-840.
18. Golombok S, MacCallum F, Goodman E, Rutter M. Families with children conceived by donor insemination: a follow-up at age twelve. Child Dev 2002b;73:952-968.
19. Golombok S, Lycett E, MacCallum F, Jadva V, Murray C, Rust J, Abdalla H, Jenkins J, Margara R. Parenting infants conceived by gamete donation. J Fam Psychol 2004;18:443-452.
20. Golombok S, Jadva V, Lycett E, Murray C, MacCallum F. Families created by gamete donation: follow-up at age 2. Hum Reprod 2005;20:286-293.
21. Golombok S, Murray C, Jadva V, Lycett E, MacCallum F, Rust J. Non-genetic and non-gestational parenthood: consequences for parent-child relationships and the psychological well-being of mothers, fathers and children at age 3. Hum Reprod 2006;21:1918-1924.
22. Golombok S, Readings J, Blake L, Casey P, Mellish L, Marks A, Jadva V. Children conceived by gamete donation: psychological adjustment and mother-child relationships at age 7. J Fam Psychol 2011;25:230-239. doi:10.1037/a0022769.
23. Golombok S, Blake L, Casey P, Roman G, Jadva V. Children born through reproductive donation: a longitudinal study of psychological adjustment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013;54:653-60.
24. Goodman SH, Gotlib IH. Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychol Rev 1999;106:458-490. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10467895.
25. Greil A. Infertility and psychological distress: a critical reviewof the literature. Soc Sci Med 1997;45:1679-1704.
26. Hammer Burns L, Covington SN. Psychology of infertility. In: Covington SN, Burns LH (eds). Infertility Counselling. A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians, 2nd edn. New York: Cambridge University press, 2006.
27. HFEA. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (Disclosure of Donor Insemination Regulations) 2004. Retrieved from http://www.opsi.gov. uk/SI/si2004/20041511.htm (1 March 2014, date last accessed).
28. Karpel MA. Family secrets: I. Conceptual and ethical issues in the relational context. II. Ethical and practical considerations in therapeutic management. Fam Process 1980;19:295-306.
29. Lane JD, Wegner DM. The cognitive consequences of secrecy. J Pers Soc Psychol 1995;69:237-253.
30. Lovejoy MC, Graczyk PA, O'Hare E, Neuman G. Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2000; 20:561-592.
31. Lycett E, Daniels K, Curson R, Chir B, Golombok S. Offspring created as a result of donor insemination: a study of family relationships, child adjustment, and disclosure. Fertil Steril 2004;82:172-179.
32. Mac Dougall K, Becker G, Scheib JE, Nachtigall RD. Strategies for disclosure: how parents approach telling their children that they were conceived with donor gametes. Fertil Steril 2007a;87:524-533.
33. Mac Dougall K, Becker G, Scheib JE, Nachtigall RD. Strategies for disclosure: how parents approach telling their children that they were conceived with donor gametes. Fertil Steril 2007b;87:524-533.
34. Matthey S, Barnett B, Kavanagh DJ, Howie P. Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale for men, and comparison of item endorsement with their partners. J Affect Disord 2001;64:175-184.
35. Murray C, MacCallum F, Golombok S. Egg donation parents and their children: follow-up at age 12 years. Fertil Steril 2006;85:610-618.
36. Nachtigall RD, Tschann JM, Szkupinski Quiroga S, Pitcher L, Becker G. Stigma, disclosure, and family functioning among parents of children conceived through donor insemination. Fertil Steril 1997;68: 83-89.
37. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Donor Conception: Ethical Aspects of Information Sharing. London: Nuffield Council of Bioethics, 2013.
38. Phares V, Compas BE. The role of fathers in child and adolescent psychopathology: make room for daddy. Psychol Bull 1992;111:387-412.
39. Raoul-Duval A, Letur-Konirsch H, Frydman R. Anonymous oocyte donation: a psychological study of recipients, donors and children.HumReprod 1992; 7:51-54.
40. Readings J, Blake L, Casey P, Jadva V, Golombok S. Secrecy, disclosure and everything in-between: decisions of parents of children conceived by donor insemination, egg donation and surrogacy. Reprod Biomed Online 2011;22:485-495. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.01.014.
41. RosnowRL, Rosenthal R, Rubin DB. Contrasts and correlations in effect-size estimation. Psychol Sci 2000;11:446.
42. Spielberger CD. The Handbook of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting University Press, 1983.
43. Spielberger CD. State-trait Anxiety Inventory: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1989.
44. The Population and Census Statistics [OCPS] and Employment Department Group. Standard Classification of Occupations. London, England: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1991.
45. Thorpe K. A study of the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with parent groups outside the postpartum period. J Reprod Infant Psychol 1993;11:119-125.
46. Turner S. Parenting behaviors in parents with anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 2003;41:541-554.
47. Turner SM, Beidel DC, Epstein LH. Vulnerability and risk for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1991;5:151-166.
48. Van Balen F. Development of IVF children. Dev Rev 1998;18:30-46.
49. Vrij A, Paterson B, Nunkoosing K, Soukara S, Oosterwegel A. Perceived advantages and disadvantages of secrets disclosure. Pers Indiv Differ 2003;35:593-602.
50. Whaley SE, Pinto A, Sigman M. Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. J Consult Clin Psych 1999;67:826-836.
51. Wilson S, Durbin CE. Effects of paternal depression on fathers' parenting behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:167-180. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.007.