Analysis of extensively washed hair from cocaine users and drug chemists to establishnew reporting criteria

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 38, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 628-636

  Morris Kukoski, Cynthia L ^a   Montgomery, Madeline A ^a   Hammer, Rena L ^a  

^a Federal Bureau of Investigation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZOYLECGONINE; COCAINE; HOMOCOCAINE; HYDROXYCOCAINE; NORCOCAINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG USE; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; HAIR; HUMAN; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEASUREMENT REPEATABILITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; PROCEDURES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; COCAINE; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; HAIR; HUMANS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 84913532754     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: 19452403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku099     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Jenkins, A.J. (2001) Drug contamination of US paper currency. Forensic Science International, 121, 189-193.
2. Jourdan, T.H., Veitenheimer, A.M., Murray, C.K., Wagner, J.R. (2013) The quantitation of cocaine on U.S. currency: survey and significance of the levels of contamination. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58, 616-624.
3. Cooper, G.A.A., Kronstrand, R., Kintz, P. (2012) Society of hair testing guidelines for drug testing in hair. Forensic Science International, 218, 20-24.
4. Bourland, J.A., Hayes, E.F., Kelly, R.C., Sweeny, S.A., Hatab, M.M. (2000) Quantiation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, methylecgonine, and norcocaine in human hair by positive ion chemical ionization (PICI) gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 24, 489-495.
5. Vogliardi, S., Favretto, D., Frison, G., Ferrara, S.D., Seraglia, R., Traldi, P. (2009) A fast screening MALDI method for the detection of cocaine and its metabolites in hair. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 44, 18-24.
6. Kidwell, D.A., Blanco, M.A., Smith, F.P. (1997) Cocaine detection in a university population by hair analysis and skin swab testing. Forensic Science International, 84, 75-86.
7. Wang, W.L., Darwin, W.D., Cone, E.J. (1994) Simultaneous assay of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 660, 279-290.
8. Paterson, S., Lee, S., Cordero, R. (2010) Analysis of hair after contamination with blood containing cocaine and containing benzoylecgonine. Forensic Science International, 194, 94-96.
9. Baumgartner, W.A., Hill, V.A. (1993) Sample preparation techniques. Forensic Science International, 63, 121-135.
10. Mieczkowski, T. (1997) Distinguishing passive contamination from active cocaine consumption: assessing the occupational exposure of narcotics officers to cocaine. Forensic Science International, 84, 87-111.
11. Schaffer, M.I., Wang, W., Irving, J. (2002) An evaluation of two wash procedures for the differentiation of external contamination versus ingestion in the analysis of human hair samples for cocaine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 26, 485-488.
12. Cairns, T., Hill, V., Schaffer, M., Thistle, W. (2004) Levels of cocaine and its metabolites in washed hair of demonstrated cocaine users and workplace subjects. Forensic Science International, 145, 175-181.
13. Schaffer, M., Hill, V., Cairns, T. (2005) Hair analysis for cocaine: the requirement for effective wash procedures and effects of drug concentration and hair porosity in contamination and decontamination. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 29, 319-326.
14. Romano, G., Babera, N., Lombardo, I. (2001) Hair testing for drugs of abuse: evaluation of external cocaine contamination and risk of false positives. Forensic Science International, 123, 119-129.
15. Stout, P.R., Ropero-Miller, J.D., Baylor, M.R., Mitchell, J.M. (2006) External contamination of hair with cocaine: evaluation of external cocaine contamination and development of performance-testing materials. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 30, 490-500.
16. Schaffer, M., Hill, V., Cairns, T. (2007) Letter to the editor: identification of cocaine-contaminated hair: perspectives on a paper. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 31, 172-174.
17. Stout, P.R., Ropero-Miller, J.R., Baylor, M.R., Mitchell, J.M. (2007) Response to letter to the editor: identification of cocainecontaminated hair: perspectives on a paper. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 31, 174-176.
18. Ropero-Miller, J.D., Huestis, M.A., Stout, P.R. (2012) Cocaine analytes in human hair: evaluation of concentration ratios in different cocaine sources, drug-user populations and surface-contaminated specimens. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 36, 390-398.
19. LeBeau, M.A., Montgomery, M. (2009) Letter to the editor: consideration on the utility of hair analysis for cocaine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 33, 343-344.
20. SAMSHA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). (2004) Notice of proposed revisions to the mandatory guidelines for federal workplace drug testing programs. Federal Register, 69, 19673-19732.
21. Casale, J.F., Waggoner, R.W. (1991) A chromatographic impurity signature profile analysis for cocaine using capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36, 1312-1330.
22. Casale, J.F., Moore, J.M. (1994) 30,40,50-Trimethoxy-substituted analogs of cocaine, cis-/trans-cinnamoylcocaine and tropacocaine: characterization and quantitation of new alkaloids in coca leaf, coca paste and refined illicit cocaine. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 39, 462-472.
23. Kolbrich, E.A., Barnes, A.J., Gorelick, D.A., Boyd, S.J., Cone, E.J., Huestis, M.A. (2006) Major and minor metabolites of cocaine in human plasma following controlled subcutaneous cocaine administration. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 30, 501-510.
24. Zhang, J.H., Foltz, R.L. (1990) Cocaine metabolism in man: identification of four previously unreported cocaine metabolites in human urine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 14, 201-205.25
25. Lowry, W.T., Lomonte, J.N., Hatchett, D., Garriott, J.C. (1979) Identification of two novel cocaine metabolites in bile by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in a case of acute intravenous cocaine overdose. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 3, 91-95.
26. Smith, R.M. (1984) Arylhydroxy metabolites of cocaine in the urine of cocaine users. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 8, 35-37.
27. Moore, J.M., Cooper, D.A. (1993) The application of capillary gas chromatography- electron capture detection in the comparative analyses of illicit cocaine samples. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 38, 1286-1304.
28. Moore, J.M., Casale, J.F., Fodor, G., Jones, A.B. (1995) Detection and characterization of cocaine and related tropane alkaloids in coca leaf, cocaine, and biological specimens. Forensic Science Review, 7, 77-101.
29. SWGTOX. (2013) Report from the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology: Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) standard practices for method validation in forensic toxicology. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 37, 452-474.
30. Cone, E.J., Yousefnejad, D., Darwin, W.D., Maguire, T. (1991) Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. II. Identification of unique cocaine metabolites in hair of drug abusers and evaluation of decontamination procedures. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 15, 250-255.
31. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2005) Methods for Impurity Profiling of Heroin and Cocaine. UN Document Number ST/NAR/35.
32. Cheng, C.C., Schaffer, M., Chao, O., ElSohly, M., Hill, V., Cairns, T. Development andValidation of a New LC/MS/MS Method for the Detection of m-, p-, and o-Hydroxycocaine in Hair as an Indicator of Cocaine Use. Society of Forensic Toxicologists, Raleigh-Durham, NC, 2007; p. S20.