Statin treatment reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but not colon cancer-results from a nationwide case-control study in Sweden

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1101-1106

  Björkhem Bergman, Linda ^a   Backheden, Magnus ^b   Söderberg Löfdal, Karin ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Carcinogenesis; Case control study; Colon cancer; Hepatocellular cancer; HMG CoA reductase inhibitor; Pharmacoepidemiology

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COLON CANCER; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SWEDEN; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; DRUG UTILIZATION; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MIDDLE AGED; RISK; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; DRUG UTILIZATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK; SWEDEN;

EID: 84911808109     PISSN: 10538569     EISSN: 10991557     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pds.3685     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389.
2. Newman TB, Hulley SB. Carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs. Jama 1996; 275: 55-60.
3. Graf H, Jungst C, Straub G, et al. Chemoembolization combined with pravastatin improves survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Digestion 2008; 78: 34-38.
4. Kawata S, Yamasaki E, Nagase T, et al. Effect of pravastatin on survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Cancer 2001; 84: 886-891.
5. Khurana V, Sheth A, Caldito G, et al. Statins reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer in humans: a case-control study of half a million veterans. Pancreas 2007; 34: 260-265.
6. Lochhead P, Chan AT. Statins and colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 109-118; quiz e13-4.
7. Poynter JN, Gruber SB, Higgins PD, et al. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2184-2192.
8. Taylor ML, Wells BJ, Smolak MJ. Statins and cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2008; 17: 259-268.
9. Tsan YT, Lee CH, Wang JD, et al. Statins and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 623-630.
10. Jain MK, Ridker PM. Anti-inflammatory effects of statins: clinical evidence and basic mechanisms. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4: 977-987.
11. Youssef S, Stuve O, Patarroyo JC, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease. Nature 2002; 420: 78-84.
12. Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Flordellis CS, et al. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 18 studies involving more than 1.5 million patients. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 3462-3468.
13. Bansal D, Undela K, D'Cruz S, et al. Statin use and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2012; 7: e46691.
14. Khurana V, Bejjanki HR, Caldito G, et al. Statins reduce the risk of lung cancer in humans: a large case-control study of US veterans. Chest 2007; 131: 1282-1288.
15. Chiu HF, Chang CC, Ho SC, et al. Statin use and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based case-control study. Pancreas 2011; 40: 669-672.
16. Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Strom BL. Statin use and the risk of 10 cancers. Epidemiology 2007; 18: 213-219.
17. Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, et al. Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Jama 2006; 295: 74-80.
18. Limburg PJ, Mahoney MR, Ziegler KL, et al. Randomized phase II trial of sulindac, atorvastatin, and prebiotic dietary fiber for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4: 259-269.
19. Undela K, Srikanth V, Bansal D. Statin use and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135: 261-269.
20. Singh S, Singh PP, Singh AG, et al. Statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 323-332.
21. Lai SW, Liao KF, Lai HC, et al. Statin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28: 485-492.
22. Björkhem-Bergman L, Acimovic J, Torndal UB, et al. Lovastatin prevents carcinogenesis in a rat model for liver cancer. Effects of ubiquinone supplementation. Anticancer Res 2010; 30: 1105-1112.
23. Acimovic J, Lovgren-Sandblom A, Eriksson LC, et al. The anti-carcinogenic effect of statins in a rat model correlates with levels and synthesis of ubiquinone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425: 348-352.
24. Ekstrom L, Johansson M, Monostory K, et al. Simvastatin inhibits the core promoter of the TXNRD1 gene and lowers cellular TrxR activity in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430: 90-94.
25. Skogastierna C, Johansson M, Parini P, et al. Statins inhibit expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 in rat and human liver and reduce tumour development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417: 1046-1051.
26. Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM, et al. The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register--opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: 726-735.
27. The National Board of Health and Welfare. The Swedish Cancer Registry. http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/register/halsodataregister/cancerregistret [December 2012].
28. Cramer JA, Benedict A, Muszbek N, et al. The significance of compliance and persistence in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: a review. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62: 76-87.
29. Cummings P, McKnight B, Greenland S. Matched cohort methods for injury research. Epidemiol Rev 2003; 25: 43-50.
30. Fracanzani AL, Conte D, Fraquelli M, et al. Increased cancer risk in a cohort of 230 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis in comparison to matched control patients with non-iron-related chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2001; 33: 647-651.
31. Olson CM, Cummings P, Rivara FP. Association of first- and second-generation air bags with front occupant death in car crashes: a matched cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164: 161-169.
32. Soderberg KC, Naumburg E, Anger G, et al. Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in infant incubators. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 45-49.
33. Dormuth CR, Patrick AR, Shrank WH, et al. Statin adherence and risk of accidents: a cautionary tale. Circulation 2009; 119: 2051-2057.
34. Arner ES, Holmgren A. The thioredoxin system in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2006; 16: 420-426.
35. Björkhem L, Teclebrhan H, Kesen E, et al. Increased levels of cytosolic thioredoxin reductase activity and mRNA in rat liver nodules. J Hepatol 2001; 35: 259-264.
36. Yoo MH, Xu XM, Carlson BA, et al. Thioredoxin reductase 1 deficiency reverses tumor phenotype and tumorigenicity of lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 13005-13008.
37. Antonopoulos AS, Margaritis M, Lee R, et al. Statins as anti-inflammatory agents in atherogenesis: molecular mechanisms and lessons from the recent clinical trials. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18: 1519-1530.
38. Duvnjak M, Tomasic V, Gomercic M, et al. Therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current status. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60(Suppl 7): 57-66.
39. Mihaila R, Nedelcu L, Fratila O, et al. Lovastatin and fluvastatin reduce viremia and the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatogastroenterology 2009; 56: 1704-1709.