Numerical simulations and observations of airflow through the 'Alenuihāhā channel, Hawaii

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 142, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 4696-4718

  Hitzl, David Eugene ^a   Chen, Yi Leng ^a   Nguyen, Hiep Van ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^b Hydrology and Environment   (Viet Nam)

Author keywords

Airflow; Buoy observations; Channel flows; Gravity waves; Mesoscale models; Topographic effects

Indexed keywords

CHANNEL FLOW; COMMERCE; GRAVITY WAVES; WEATHER FORECASTING;

ADVANCED RESEARCHES; AIRFLOW; BUOY OBSERVATIONS; CHANNEL ENTRANCES; MESO-SCALE MODELS; SURFACE PRESSURES; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS;

WIND;

AIRFLOW; BUOY SYSTEM; CHANNEL FLOW; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GRAVITY WAVE; MESOSCALE MOTION; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT; TRADE WIND; WIND VELOCITY;

ALENUIHAHA CHANNEL; HAWAII [UNITED STATES]; HAWAIIAN ISLANDS;

EID: 84911475124     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: 15200493     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00312.1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Baines, P. G., 1995: Topographic Effects in Stratified Flow. Cambridge University Press, 496 pp.
2. Carlis, D. L., Y.-L. Chen, and V. R. Morris, 2010: Numerical simulations of island-scale airflow over Maui and the Maui vortex under summer trade wind conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2706-2736, doi:10.1175/2009MWR3236.1.
3. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land surface/hydrological model with the Penn State/NCARMM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129, 0569: CAALSH.2.0.CO;2.
4. Chen, Y.-L., and A. J. Nash, 1994: Diurnal variation of surface airflow and rainfall frequencies on the island of Hawaii. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 34-56, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122, 0034:DVOSAA.2.0.CO;2.
5. Chen, Y.-L., and J. Feng, 2001: Numerical simulations of airflow and cloud distributions over the windward side of the island of Hawaii. Part I: The effects of trade wind inversion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1117-1134, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129, 1117: NSOAAC.2.0.CO;2.
6. Dorman, C. E., R. C. Beardsley, and R. Limeburner, 1995: Winds in the Strait of Gibraltar. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1903-1921, doi:10.1002/qj.49712152807.
7. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046, 3077:NSOCOD.2.0.CO;2.
8. Durran, D. R., 1990: Mountain waves and downslope winds. Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, B. Blumen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 59-81.
9. Feng, J., and Y.-L. Chen, 2001: Numerical simulations of airflow and cloud distributions over the windward side of the island of Hawaii. Part II: Nocturnal flow regime. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1135-1147, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129, 1135:NSOAAC.2.0.CO;2.
10. Gaberšek, S., and D. R. Durran, 2004: Gap flows through idealized topography. Part I: Forcing by large-scalewinds in the nonrotating limit. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2846-2862, doi:10.1175/JAS-3340.1.
11. Grace, W. J., 1991: Hydraulic jump in a fog bank. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 205-209.
12. Hafner, J., and S.-P. Xie, 2003: Far-field simulation of the Hawaiian wake: Sea surface temperature and orographic effects. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 3021-3032, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060, 3021: FSOTHW.2.0.CO;2.
13. Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-2341, doi:10.1175/MWR3199.1.
14. Hsu, S. A., E. A. Meindl, and D. B. Gilhousen, 1994: Determining the power-law wind profile exponent under near-neutral stability conditions at sea. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 757-765, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033, 0757:DTPLWP.2.0.CO;2.
15. Janjić, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122, 0927:TSMECM.2.0.CO;2.
16. Lackmann, G. M., and J. E. Overland, 1989: Atmospheric structure and momentum balance during a gap-wind event in Shelikof Strait, Alaska. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1817-1833, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117, 1817:ASAMBD.2.0.CO;2.
17. Lau, E. K. L., 2004: An observational study of the trade wind mixed layer. M.S. thesis, Department of Meteorology, University of Hawai-i at Mānoa, 90 pp.
18. Leopold, L. B., 1949: The interaction of trade wind and sea breeze, Hawaii. J. Meteor., 6, 312-320, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1949)006, 0312:TIOTWA.2.0.CO;2.
19. Mass, C. F., S. Businger, M. D. Albright, and Z. A. Tucker, 1995: A windstorm in the lee of a gap in a coastalmountain barrier. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 315-331, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123, 0315: AWITLO.2.0.CO;2.
20. Mass, C. F., M. D. Warner, and R. Steed, 2014: Strong westerly wind events in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Wea. Forecasting, 29, 445-465, doi:10.1175/WAF-D-13-00026.1.
21. Nickerson, E. C., and M. A. Dias, 1981:On the existence of atmospheric vortices downwind of Hawaii during theHAMECproject. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 868-873, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020, 0868: OTEOAV.2.0.CO;2.
22. Overland, J. E., 1984: Scale analysis of marine winds in straits and along mountainous coasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2530-2534, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112, 2530:SAOMWI.2.0.CO;2.
23. Nickerson, E. C. and B. A. Walter, 1981: Gap winds in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2221-2233, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109, 2221:GWITSO.2.0.CO;2.
24. Pan, F., and R. B. Smith, 1999: Gap winds and wakes: SAR observations and numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 905-923, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056, 0905:GWAWSO.2.0.CO;2.
25. Patzert, W. C., 1969: Eddies in Hawaiian waters. HIG Rep. HIG- 69-8, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawai-i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 51 pp.
26. Reed, T. R., 1931: Gap winds of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Mon. Wea. Rev., 59, 373-376, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1931)59, 373: GWOTSO.2.0.CO;2.
27. Rogers, E., T. Black, B. Ferrier, Y. Lin, D. Parrish, and G. DiMego, cited 2001: Changes to the NCEP meso eta analysis and forecast system: Increase in resolution, new cloud microphysics, modified precipitation assimilation, and modified 3DVAR analysis. [Available online at http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/mmbpll/eta12tpb/.]
28. Saito, K., 1993: A numerical study of the local downslope wind "Yamaji-kaze" in Japan. Part 2: Non-linear aspect of the 3-d flow over a mountain range with a col. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 247-272.
29. Schär, C., and R. B. Smith, 1993: Shallow-water flow past isolated topography. Part I: Vorticity production and wake formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1373-1400, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050, 1373: SWFPIT.2.0.CO;2.
30. Schroeder, T. A., 1993: Climate controls. Prevailing Trade Winds, M. Sanderson, Ed., University of Hawaii Press, 12-36.
31. Schultz, D.M., W.E. Bracken, L. F. Bosart, G.J. Hakim, M.A. Bedrick, M. J. Dickinson, and K. R. Tyle, 1997: The 1993 superstorm cold surge: Frontal structure, gap flow, and tropical impact. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 5-39, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125, 0005: TSCSFS.2.0.CO;2.
32. Schultz, D.M., W.E. Bracken, and L. F. Bosart, 1998: Planetary- and synoptic-scale signatures associatedwithCentralAmerican cold surges. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 5-27, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126, 0005:PASSSA.2.0.CO;2.
33. Scorer, R. S., 1952: Mountain-gap winds; a study of surface wind at Gibraltar. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 78, 53-61, doi:10.1002/qj.49707833507.
34. Sharp, J., and C. F. Mass, 2004: Columbia gorge gap winds: Their climatological influence and synoptic evolution. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 970-992, doi:10.1175/826.1.
35. Skamarock, W. C., and J. B. Klemp, 2008: A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather and forecasting applications. J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3465-3485, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.037.
36. Smith, R. B., 1989: Mountain-induced stagnation points in hydrostatic flow. Tellus, 41A, 270-274, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.1989.tb00381.x.
37. Smith, R. B., and V. Grubišić, 1993: Aerial observations of Hawaii-s wake. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3728-3750, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050, 3728: AOOHW.2.0.CO;2.
38. Smolarkiewicz, P. K., and R. Rotunno, 1989: Low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically generated lee vortices. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1154-1164, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046, 1154:LFNFPT.2.0.CO;2.
39. Smolarkiewicz, P. K., R. M. Rasmussen, and T. Clark, 1988: On the dynamics of Hawaiian cloud bands: Island forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1872-1905, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045, 1872:OTDOHC.2.0.CO;2.
40. Steenburgh, W. J., D.M. Schultz, and B. A. Colle, 1998: The structure and evolution of gap outflow over the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2673-2691, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126, 2673:TSAEOG.2.0.CO;2.
41. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 666 pp.
42. Winning, T. E., 2014: Detection of the inversion layer over the central North Pacific usingGPSradio occultation. M.S. thesis, Department of Meteorology, University of Hawai-i at Mānoa, 141 pp.
43. Yang, Y., Y.-L. Chen, and F. Fujioka, 2005: Numerical simulations of the island-induced circulations over the island of Hawaii during HaRP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3693-3713, doi:10.1175/MWR3053.1.
44. Yang, Y., Y.-L. Chen, and F. Fujioka, 2008: Effect of trade-wind strength and direction on the leeside circulations and rainfall of the island of Hawaii. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4799-4818, doi:10.1175/2008MWR2365.1.
45. Zängl, G., 2002: Stratified flow over a mountain with a gap: Linear theory and numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 927-949, doi:10.1256/0035900021643755.
46. Zhang, Y., Y.-L. Chen, S.-Y. Hong, H.-M. H. Juang, and K. Kodama, 2005a: Validation of the coupled NCEP mesoscale spectral model and an advanced land surface model over the Hawaiian Islands. Part I: Summer trade wind conditions and a heavy rainfall event. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 847-872, doi:10.1175/WAF891.1.
47. Zhang, Y., Y.-L. Chen, and K. Kodama, 2005b: Validation of the coupled NCEP mesoscale spectral model and an advanced land surface model over the Hawaiian Islands. Part II: A high wind event. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 873-895, doi:10.1175/WAF892.1.