Evaluation of swabbing methods for estimating the prevalence of bacterial carriage in the upper respiratory tract: A cross sectional study

BMJ Open

Volumn 4, Issue 10, 2014, Pages

  Coughtrie, A L ^a   Whittaker, R N ^a   Begum, N ^a   Anderson, R ^a   Tuck, A ^a   Faust, S N ^a,b   Jefferies, J M ^a,b   Yuen, H M ^a   Roderick, P J ^a   Mullee, M A ^a,b   Moore, M V ^a   Clarke, Stuart C ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SOUTHAMPTON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CARRIAGE; BACTERIAL PHENOMENA AND FUNCTIONS; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; GROUPS BY AGE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL LED SWAB; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; NEWBORN; NOSE SMEAR; ORAL BIOPSY; PILOT STUDY; PREVALENCE; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SELF TAKEN NOSE SWAB; SMEAR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; UNITED KINGDOM; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT; WHOLE MOUTH SWAB; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HETEROZYGOTE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOUTH; NASOPHARYNX; NOSE CAVITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; SELF CARE; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CARRIER STATE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORAXELLA (BRANHAMELLA) CATARRHALIS; MOUTH; NASAL CAVITY; NASOPHARYNX; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; PILOT PROJECTS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SELF CARE; SPECIMEN HANDLING; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84911407774     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005341     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bogaert D, Keijser B, Huse S, et al. Variability and diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children: a metagenomic analysis. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e17035.
2. Faden H, Duffy L, Wasielewski R, et al. Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. J Infect Dis 1997;175:1440-5.
3. Brueggemann AB, Griffiths DT, Meats E, et al. Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1424-32.
4. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2095-128.
5. Akmatov MK, Krebs S, Preusse M, et al. E-mail-based symptomatic surveillance combined with self-collection of nasal swabs: a new tool for acute respiratory infection epidemiology. Int J Infect Dis 2011;15:e799-803.
6. Leach AJ, Stubbs E, Hare K, et al. Comparison of nasal swabs with nose blowing for community-based pneumococcal surveillance of healthy children. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:2081-2.
7. Lieberman D, Shleyfer E, Castel H, et al. Nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of potential respiratory pathogens in adults. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:525-8.
8. Trotter CL, Gay NJ. Analysis of longitudinal bacterial carriage studies accounting for sensitivity of swabbing: an application to Neisseria meningitidis. Epidemiol Infect 2003;130:201-5.
9. Watt JP, O'Brien KL, Katz S, et al. Nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for detection of pneumococcal carriage in adults. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:4974-6.
10. Rapola S, Salo E, Kiiski P, et al. Comparison of four different sampling methods for detecting pharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in children. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:1077-9.
11. Greenberg D, Broides A, Blancovich I, et al. Relative importance of nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from healthy and sick individuals varies with age. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:4604-9.
12. Gamblin J, Jefferies JM, Harris S, et al. Nasal self-swabbing for estimating the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the community. J Med Microbiol 2013;62:437-40.
13. Satzke C, Turner P, Virolainen-Julkunen A, et al. Standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: updated recommendations from the World Health Organization Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group. Vaccine 2013;32:165-79.
14. Akmatov MK, Gatzemeier A, Schughart K, et al. Equivalence of self- and staff-collected nasal swabs for the detection of viral respiratory pathogens. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e48508.
15. de Roux A, Ewig S, Garcia E, et al. Mixed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients. Eur Respir J 2006;27:795-800.
16. Harro CD, Betts RF, Hartzel JS, et al. The immunogenicity and safety of different formulations of a novel Staphylococcus aureus vaccine (V710): results of two Phase I studies. Vaccine 2012;30:1729-36.
17. Moore R, Kyd JM, Carzino R, et al. Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to potential Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine protein antigens in young children with cystic fibrosis following colonization and infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012;9:506-14.
18. Serruto D, Bottomley MJ, Ram S, et al. The new multicomponent vaccine against meningococcal serogroup B, 4CMenB: immunological, functional and structural characterization of the antigens. Vaccine 2012;30:B87-97.
19. Sheldon E, Schwartz H, Jiang Q, et al. A Phase 1, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial to assess the safety of a meningococcal serogroup B bivalent rLP2086 vaccine in healthy adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012;8:888-95.
20. Skinner JM, Indrawati L, Cannon J, et al. Pre-clinical evaluation of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15-CRM197) in an infant-rhesus monkey immunogenicity model. Vaccine 2011;29:8870-6.
21. Tocheva AS, Jefferies JM, Rubery H, et al. Declining serotype coverage of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines relating to the carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in young children. Vaccine 2011;29:4400-4.
22. UK Department for Communities and Local Government. English indices of deprivation 2010 [Docment on the Internet]. London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011. [cited 2014 August 22]. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2010
23. Chapman KE, Wilson D, Gorton R. Invasive pneumococcal disease and socioeconomic deprivation: a population study from the North East of England. J Public Health 2013;35:558-69.
24. ESRI. ArcGiS 10.1. Redlands, California: ESRI, 2012.
25. Sheron N, Moore M, O'Brien W, et al. Feasibility of detection and intervention for alcohol-related liver disease in the community: the Alcohol and Liver Disease Detection study (ALDDeS). Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:e698-705.
26. Olcen P, Kjellander J, Danielsson D, et al. Culture diagnosis of meningococcal carriers: yield from different sites and influence of storage in transport medium. J Clin Pathol 1979;32:1222-5.
27. Cartwright KA, Stuart JM, Jones DM, et al. The Stonehouse survey: nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci and Neisseria lactamica. Epidemiol Infect 1987;99:591-601.
28. Gray BM, Converse GM, Dillon HC. Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: acquisition, carriage, and infection during the first 24 months of life. J Infect Dis 1980;142:923-33.
29. Peltola H, Kilpi T, Anttila M. Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis after routine childhood immunisation with conjugate vaccines. Lancet 1992;340:592-4.
30. Brundage JF. Interactions between influenza and bacterial respiratory pathogens: implications for pandemic preparedness. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6:303-12.
31. Ramsay ME, Andrews NJ, Trotter CL, et al. Herd immunity from meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England: database analysis. BMJ 2003;326:365-6.