Logjam: Deforestation and the crisis of global governance

Logjam: Deforestation and the Crisis of Global Governance

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-302

  Humphreys, David ^a  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84911192226     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781849771863     Document Type: Book

References (507)

1. Humphreys, David (1996) Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation, London: Earthscan.
2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001) ‘Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report – Summary for Policymakers,’ IPCC Plenary XVII, London, 24–29 September 2001.
3. Thomas, Chris D. et al (2004) ‘Extinction risk from climate change,’ Nature, Vol.427, 8 January, pp.145–148.
4. United Nations University news release (2004) ‘Two Billion People Vulnerable to Floods by 2050…,’ 13 June.
5. Soares-Filho, Britaldo Silveira et al (2006) ‘Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin,’ Nature, Vol. 440, 23 March, pp.520–523.
6. Cox, Robert W. (1981) ‘Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond International Relations Theory,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.126–155
7. Elliott, Lorraine (1998) The Global Politics of the Environment, Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp.242–248.
8. Food and Agriculture Organization (2005) Forests and Floods: Drowning in Fiction or Thriving on Facts? – RAP Publication 2005/03, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
9. Kaul, Inge, Grunberg, Isabelle and Stern, Marc A. (eds) (1999) Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press/United Nations Development Programme
10. Kaul, Inge, Conceição, Pedro, Le Goulven, Katell and Mendoza, Ronald U. (eds) (2003) Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Oxford: Oxford University Press/United Nations Development Programme.
11. Barkin, J. Samuel and Shambaugh, George E. (1996) ‘Common pool resources and international politics,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp.429–447
12. Barkin, J. Samuel and Shambaugh, George E. (eds) (1999) Anarchy and the Environment: The International Relations of Common Pool Resources, Albany: State University of New York Press
13. Vogler, John (2000) The Global Commons: Environmental and Technological Governance (second edition), Chichester: John Wiley and Sons
14. Buck, Susan J. (1998) The Global Commons: An Introduction, London: Earthscan.
15. Bowers, John (1997) Sustainability and Environmental Economics: An Alternative Text, Harlow: Prentice Hall, pp.33–40.
16. Kaul, Inge and Mendoza, Ronald U. (2003) ‘Advancing the concept of public goods,’ in Kaul, Conceição, Le Goulven and Mendoza, n.3 above, pp.78–111
17. Musgrave, Richard A. (1959) The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy, New York: McGraw-Hill.
18. Perrings, Charles and Gadgil, Madhav (2003) ‘Conserving biodiversity: reconciling local and global benefits,’ in Kaul, Conceição, Le Goulven and Mendoza, n.3 above, p.532.
19. McKean, Margaret A. (2000) ‘Common property: What is it, what is it good for, and what makes it work?,’ in Gibson, Clark C., McKean, Margaret A. and Ostrom, Elinor (eds) People and Forests: Communities, Institutions, and Governance, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, p.27.
20. Hardin, Garrett (1968) ‘The tragedy of the commons,’ Science, No. 162, pp.1243–48.
21. Ostrom, Elinor (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
22. The Ecologist (1993) Whose Common Future?: Reclaiming the Commons, London: Earthscan
23. Bollier, David (2003) Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Weal, New York: Routledge
24. Prashad, Vijay (2002) Fat Cats and Running Dogs: The Enron Stage of Capitalism, London: Zed Books.
25. Geores, Martha E. (2003) ‘The relationship between resource definition and scale: considering the forest,’ in Dolsak, Nives and Ostrom, Elinor (eds) The Commons in the New Millennium: Challenges and Adaptations, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, p.84.
26. Westoby, Jack (1989) Introduction to World Forestry: People and their Trees, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, p.57.
27. Scott, James C. (1998) Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed, New Haven: Y ale University Press, p.2.
28. Scott, n.18 above, pp.2–3.
29. Scott, n.18 above, pp.11–13.
30. Scott, n.18 above, pp.13–15.
31. Scott, n.18 above, Chapter 1, especially pp.18–22
32. Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (2004) Global Environmental Politics: Power, Perspectives, and Practice, Washington DC: CQ Press, pp.195–197.
33. Keal, Paul (2003) European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Moral Backwardness of International Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
34. Banuri, Tariq and Marglin, Frédérique Apffel (1993) Who Will Save the Forests?: Knowledge, Power and Environmental Destruction, London: Zed Books.
35. Sabine, George H. and Thorson, Thomas L. (1973) A History of Political Theory (Fourth Edition), Hinsdale Il: Dryden Press, pp.485–487.
36. Jaramillo, Carlos Felipe and Kelly, Thomas (1997) ‘Deforestation and property rights in Latin America,’ p.7. Available online at: www.iadb.org/sds/doc/1411eng.pdf (accessed 14 June 2005).
37. Anand, P. B. (2002) ‘Financing the provision of global public goods,’ United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU/ WIDER) Discussion Paper No. 2002/110
38. Kaul, Inge and Le Goulven Katell (2003) ‘Financing global public goods: A new frontier of public finance,’ in Kaul, Conceição, Le Goulven and Mendoza, n.3 above, p.336.
39. Sato, Jim (2000) ‘People in between: Conversion and conservation of forest lands in Thailand,’ in Doornbos, Martin, Saith, Ashwani and White, Ben (eds) Forests: Nature, People, Power, Oxford: Blackwell, pp.153–154.
40. White, Andy and Martin, Alejandro (2002) Who Owns the World’s Forests: Forest Tenure and Public Forests in Transition, Washington DC: Forest Trends and Center for International Environmental Law.
41. White and Martin, n.31 above, p.2.
42. Saad-Filho, Alfredo and Johnston, Deborah (2005) ‘Introduction,’ in Saad-Filho, Alfredo and Johnston, Deborah (eds) Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, London: Pluto, p.3.
43. Bakan, Joel (2004) The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, London: Constable, pp.34–36.
44. Korten, David (1995) When Corporations Rule the World, London: Earthscan.
45. Dauvergne, Peter (1997) Shadows in the Forest: Japan and the Politics of Timber in Southeast Asia, Cambridge MA: MIT Press
46. Dauvergne, Peter (2001) Loggers and Degradation in the Asia Pacific: Corporations and Environmental Management, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. World Rainforest Movement and Forests Monitor (1998) High Stakes: The Need to Control Transnational Logging Companies – A Malaysian Case Study, Montevideo and Ely: WRM/Forests Monitor.
48. Greenpeace (1999) Facing Destruction: A Greenpeace Briefing on the Timber Industry in the Brazilian Amazon, Amsterdam: Greenpeace International
49. Environmental Investigation Agency and Telapak (2005) The Last Frontier: Illegal Logging in Papua and China’s Massive Timber Theft, London: EIA.
50. SKEPHI (1996) Asian Forestry Incursions: Indonesian logging in Suriname, Report on NV MUSA Indo-Surinam, Amsterdam: SKEPHI
51. Colchester, Marcus (1995) ‘Asia logs Suriname,’ Multinational Monitor, Vol. 16, No. 11. Available online at: http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/mm1195.05.html (accessed 25 September 2002).
52. Global Witness (1999) ‘The untouchables: Forest crimes and the concessionaires – can Cambodia afford to keep them?,’ a briefing document by Global Witness.
53. Jamie Aviles, cited in Ross, John (1998) ‘Big pulp vs. Zapatistas,’ Multinational Monitor, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.9–2. Available online at: http://arts-sciences.cua.edu/pol/faculty/foley/Ross.htm (accessed 14 June 2005).
54. Goldman, Michael (ed) (1998) Privatizing Nature: Political Struggles for the Global Commons, London: Pluto.
55. Hirst, Rob (2003) Willie’s Bar and Grill: A Rock ’n’ Roll Tour of North America in the Age of Terror, Sydney: Picador Pan Macmillan, p.49
56. Dodshon, Mark (2004) Beds are Burning: Midnight Oil – The Journey, Melbourne: Viking Penguin, pp.49–50.
57. Common Ground (2003) ‘Clayoquot was defining protest of our time.’ Available online at: www.commonground.ca/iss/0308145/clayoquot.shtml (accessed 6 October 2004).
58. Friends of the Earth (2005) Friends of the Earth International, Issue 107, January, special issue on ‘Privatization: nature for sale – the impacts of privatizing water and biodiversity.’
59. Lovera, Miguel; Avendaño, Tatiana Rosa and Torres, Irene Vélez (eds) (2005) The New Merchants: Life as Commodity, Bogotá: Global Forest Coalition/Censat Agua Viva, p.84.
60. Toke, Dave (2000) Green Politics and Neo-liberalism, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
61. Shiva, Vandana (2001) Protect or Plunder: Understanding Intellectual Property Rights, London: Zed, pp.57–58.
62. Perry, David (undated) ‘The global distribution of AIDS pharmaceuticals.’ Available online at: www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/Perry/aids.html (accessed 23 June 2005)
63. Quaker United Nations Office (undated leaflet), ‘How strong patent protection affects access to medicines – Patents, trade and health,’ New York.
64. Jensen, Kyle and Murray, Fiona (2005) ‘Intellectual property landscape of the human genome,’ Science, No. 310, 14 October, pp.239–240.
65. Prashad, n.14 above, pp.151–188
66. Food and Agriculture Organization (2005) Global Forestry Resources Assessment, Rome: FAO
67. Santilli, Márcio; Moutinho, Paulo; Schwartzman, Stephan; Nepstad, Daniel; Curran, Lisa; and Nobre, Carlos (2005) ‘Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol,’ Climatic Change, No. 71, pp.267–276
68. IPCC (2000) IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, section 3.5.2, ‘Carbon dioxide emissions from anthropogenic land-use change.’ Available online at: www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/emission/077.htm (accessed 15 September 2005).
69. Yamin, Farhana (ed) (2005) Climate Change and Carbon Markets: A Handbook of Emissions Reductions Mechanisms, London: Earthscan
70. Michaelowa, Axel and Butzengeiger, Sonja (eds) (2005) EU Emissions Trading Scheme: A Special Issue of the Climate Policy Journal, London: Earthscan.
71. World Rainforest Movement (2001) ‘Convention on Climate Change: Privatising the atmosphere?’ Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/publications/briefings/CCC.html (accessed 19 February 2004).
72. Guardian, 28 June 2003, p.15
73. Guardian, 4 September 2004, p.17.
74. Humphreys, David (1996) Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation, London: Earthscan, Chapters 2 and 3
75. Kufuor, Edward, quoted by Chatterjee, Pratap (1991) ‘G77 rejects “stewardship”,’ Crosscurrents, UNCED PrepCom 3, No. 8, 28–29 August, p.4.
76. Davenport, Deborah S. (2005) ‘An alternative explanation for the failure of the UNCED forest negotiations,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.105–130.
77. Poore, Duncan (2003) Changing Landscapes: The Development of the International Tropical Timber Organization and its Influence on Tropical Forest Management, London: Earthscan, Chapter 9.
78. Jag Maini, interview, fifth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, New York, 24 May 2005.
79. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 27, pp.4–5.
80. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 27, p.5.
81. ‘Statement by the Swedish Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Dr Sten Heckscher,’ pp.3–4.
82. FAO (1995) ‘Ministerial meeting on forestry, Rome, 16–17 March 1995, Rome Statement on Forestry,’ para.4
83. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 1, p.4.
84. Rosendal, G. Kirstin (2001) ‘Overlapping international regimes: The case of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) between climate change and biodiversity,’ International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp.452, 460.
85. Colchester, Marcus and Lohmann, Larry (1990) The Tropical Forestry Action Plan: What Progress?, Penang/Sturminster Newton, Dorest: World Rainforest Movement/The Ecologist
86. Winterbottom, Robert (1990) Taking Stock: The Tropical Forestry Action Plan After Five Years, Washington DC: World Resources Institute.
87. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 27, p.4.
88. Forest Policy Economics, Vol. 4, No. 4
89. Glück, Peter, Mendes, Américo M.S. Carvalho and Neven, Ine (eds) (2003) Making NFPs Work: Supporting and Procedural Aspects. Report on COST Action ‘National Forest Programmes in a European Context,’ Publication Series of the Institute of Forest Sector Policy and Economics 48, Vienna: Institute of Forest Sector Policy and Economics
90. Humphreys, David (ed) (2004) Forests for the Future: National Forest Programmes in Europe, Country and Regional Reports from COST Action E19, Luxembourg: European Communities.
91. Humphreys, David (2004) ‘Redefining the issues: NGO influence on international forest negotiations,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.51–74.
92. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 13, p.1.
93. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 3, p.2.
94. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 14, p.7.
95. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 7, p.2.
96. Dell, Sidney (1989) ‘The United Nations code of conduct on transnational corporations,’ in Kaufmann, Johan (ed) Effective Negotiation: Case Studies in Conference Diplomacy, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff/ Kluwer Academic, pp.53–74.
97. Bruno, K. (1992) ‘The corporate capture of the Earth Summit,’ Multinational Monitor, July/August. Available online at: www.essential.org/monitor.hyper/mm0792.html (accessed 15 March 1997).
98. Humphreys, David (2001) ‘Environmental accountability and transnational corporations,’ in Gleeson, Brendan and Lowe, Nicholas (eds) Governing for the Environment: Global Problems, Ethics and Democracy, London: Palgrave, pp.88–101.
99. IUCN, ‘Forum summary paper – Not seeing the forest for the trees: Focusing on realistic outputs for the IPF, 13 September, 1995,’ p.3.
100. Pülzl, Helga and Rametsteiner, Ewald (2002) ‘Evaluating the implementation of the IPF and IFF proposals for action & how to approach it (sic) In the experience of Austria and the European Community,’ Institut für Sozioökonomik der Forst- und Holzwirtschaft,’ Nr: P/2002-2, Vienna, p.8.
101. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 14, p.7.
102. Economic Evaluation of Tropical Forest Land Use Options: A Review of Methodology and Applications, London: IIED, December 1994
103. Haas, Peter M. (1990) ‘Obtaining international environmental protection through epistemic consensus,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.347–363.
104. Smouts, Marie-Claude (2003) Tropical Forests, International Jungle: The Underside of Global Ecopolitics, London: Palgrave/Macmillan, pp.67–71
105. Angelsen, Arild and Kaimowitz, David (1999) ‘Rethinking the causes of deforestation: Lessons from economic models,’ The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.73–98
106. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 14, p.8.
107. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 9, p.1.
108. Humphreys, David (2005) ‘The elusive quest for a global forests convention,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.1–10.
109. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 20, p.2
110. ‘Canadian Pulp and Paper Association calls for a legally-binding international forest agreement,’ New York, April 13, 1995. Available online at: www.ee/lists/infoterra/1995/04/0039.html (accessed 29 July 2003).
111. Colchester, Marcus et al (2006) Justice in the Forest: Rural Livelihoods and Forest Law Enforcement – Forest Perspectives 3, Bogor: CIFOR, pp.45–46
112. Society of American Foresters (2003) ‘International trade in forest products, a position statement of the Society of American Foresters.’ Available online at: www.safnet.org/policyandpress/psst/international.cfm (accessed 24 March 2006).
113. Kolk, Ans (1996) Forests in International Environmental Politics: International Organizations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon, Utrecht: International Books, p.162.
114. Bill Mankin, interview, fourth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, Geneva, 11 May 2004
115. Environmental Investigation Agency (1996) Corporate Power, Corruption and the Destruction of the World’s Forests: The Case for a New Global Forest Agreement, London: Environmental Investigation Agency.
116. Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1986) The Vanishing Forest: The Human Consequences of Deforestation, London and New Jersey: Zed Books.
117. Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1987) Indigenous Peoples: A Global Quest for Justice, London and New Jersey: Zed Books.
118. World Commission for Peace and Human Right Council website: http://greenfield.fortunecity.com/swallowtail/408/ (accessed 19 November 2004).
119. World Commission on Global Consciousness and Spirituality website: http://globalspirit.org/ (accessed 19 November 2004).
120. Commission on International Development (1969) Partners in Development, New York: Praeger.
121. Independent Commission on International Development Issues (1980) North–South: A Programme for Survival, London: Pan Books.
122. Brandt Commission (1983) Common, Crisis, North–South Co-operation for W orld Recovery, London: Pan Books.
123. Independent Commission for Disarmament and Security Issues (1982) Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival, New York: Simon and Schuster.
124. World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
125. World Commission on Culture and Development (1992) Our Creative Diversity, Oxford & IBH Publishing Company.
126. Commission on Global Governance (1995) Our Global Neighbourhood, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
127. Independent World Commission on the Oceans (1998) The Ocean: Our Future, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
128. World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development (1999) Our Forests, Our Future, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
129. World Commission on Dams (2000) Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making, London: Earthscan.
130. World Commission on the Social Dimensions of Globalization (2004) A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All, Geneva: International Labour Organization.
131. Kilaparti Ramakrishna, Woods Hole Research Center, email 1 September 1995. (Ramakrishna coordinated the WCFSD organizing committee.)
132. Ullsten, Ola, Nor, Salleh Mohammed and Yudelman, Montague (1990) Tropical Forestry Action Plan: Report of the Independent Review, Kuala Lumpur: FAO, p.48.
133. Mankin, William E. (1998) ‘Entering the fray – International forest policy processes: An NGO perspective on their effectiveness,’ Policy That Works for Forests and People: Discussion Paper 9, London: International Institute for Environment and Development, p.36.
134. World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development (1993) ‘Possible mandate, key issues, strategy and work plan: Issued under the responsibility of the organizing committee for the establishment of an independent World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development, June 1993,’ p.5
135. WCFSD Secretariat (1997) ‘Our Forests: Our Future, internal discussion draft,’ Geneva, 30 June 1997, para. 355, p.64.
136. Official Journal of the European Communities, C295, Vol. 33, 26 November 1990, ‘Resolution on measures to protect the ecology of tropical forests,’ 25 October 1990, para. 8, p.196.
137. Humphreys, David (1996) Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation, London: Earthscan, Annex D, pp.246–275.
138. Bass, Stephen and Thomson, Koy (1997) ‘Forest security: Challenges to be met by a global forest convention,’ Forest and Land Use Series No. 10, London: International Institute for Environment and Development, p.iii.
139. Global Forest Watch (2003) ‘What is Global Forest Watch?’ Available online at: www.globalforestwatch.org.english/about/index.htm (accessed 28 July 2003).
140. Bernstein, Steven (2000), ‘Ideas, social structure and the compromise of liberal environmentalism,’ European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.464–512
141. Bernstein, Steven (2002) ‘Liberal environmentalism and global environmental governance,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.1–16.
142. Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Development Programme (1999) Practitioner’s Guide to the Implementation of the IPF Proposals for Action, Eschborn: Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ).
143. FERN (2000) ‘Implementation of the proposals for action of the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests: European report,’ April
144. Verolme, Hans J., Mankin, William E., Ozinga, Saskia and Ryder, Sophia et al (2000) Keeping the Promise? A Review by NGOs and IPOs of the Implementation of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Forests ‘Proposals for Action’ in Selected Countries, Washington DC: Biodiversity Action Network and Global Forest Policy Project, pp.1–2.
145. Verolme, Hans J. and Moussa, Juliette (1999), Addressing the Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation: Case Studies, Analysis and Policy Recommendations, Washington DC: Biodiversity Action Network, p.i.
146. UN document E/CN.17/IFF/1999/4, ‘Programme element II.a, matters left pending and other issues arising from the programme elements of the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests process, the need for financial resources,’ 18 February 1999, para. 54, p.12
147. Berkes, Fikret (1999) Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management, Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, p.4.
148. Antweiler, Christoph and Mersmann, Christoph (1996) ‘Local knowledge and cultural skills as resources for sustainable forest development, IPF programme element 1.3, traditional forest-related knowledge,’ Eschborn, August.
149. Banuri, Tariq and Marglin, Frédérique Apffel (1993) ‘A systems-of-knowledge analysis of deforestation, participation and management,’ in Banuri, Tariq and Marglin, Frédérique Apffel (eds) Who will Save the Forests: Knowledge, Power and Environmental Destruction, London: Zed Books
150. Capra, Fritjof (1996) The Web of Life, New York: Anchor/Doubleday.
151. Shiva, Vandana (1993) Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, London: Zed Books, p.21.
152. Goldman, Michael (1998) ‘The political resurgence of the commons,’ in Goldman, Michael (ed) Privatizing Nature: Political Struggles for the Global Commons, London: Pluto, p.2.
153. Kloppenburg, Jack R. and Kleinman, Daniel Lee (1988) ‘Seeds of controversy: national property versus common heritage,’ in Kloppenburg, Jack R. (ed) Seeds and Sovereignty: The Use and Control of Plant Genetic Resources, Durham NC: Duke University Press, cited in Flitner, n.29 above, p.153.
154. Barrero, Joaquín Molano (2004) ‘Colombia: The wealth of the jungle and the logic of expropriation,’ in Lovera, Miguel, Avendaño, Tatiana Rosa and Torres, Irene Vélez (eds) The New Merchants: Life as Commodity, Bogota: Global Forest Coalition and Censet Agua Viva, p.17.
155. Purdue, Derrick (1995) ‘Hegemonic Trips: World trade, intellectual property and biodiversity,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.88–107.
156. Duttfield, Graham (2000) Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity, London: Earthscan, pp.75–90.
157. Toke, Dave (2000) Green Politics and Neo-liberalism, Basingstoke: MacMillan.
158. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 55, p.6
159. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 55, p.10
160. Clapp, Jennifer and Dauvergne, Peter (2005) Paths to a Greener World: The Political Economy of the Global Environment, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, p.103.
161. John Vogler (1999) ‘The European Union as an actor in international environmental politics,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.24–48.
162. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 66, p.11.
163. World Rainforest Movement (2000) ‘Report on the 8-Country Initiative: An international expert meeting to discuss “Shaping the programme of work for the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF)”, Bonn, 27 November – 1 December 2000.’ Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/actors/IFF/8country.html (accessed 7 January 2003).
164. People’s Forest Forum (2004) ‘Open letter for country delegations in [sic] fourth session of the UN Forum on Forests,’ 14 May.
165. World Rainforest Movement Bulletin, Issue 88, November 2004. Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/88/viewpoint.html (accessed 4 January 2005)
166. Owusu, Rachel Asante (1999) GM Technology in the Forest Sector: A Scoping Study for WWF, Godalming: WWF-UK
167. Sedjo, Roger A. (2004) Genetically Engineered Trees: Promise and Concerns, Washington DC: Resources for the Future
168. Lang, Chris (2004) Genetically Modified Trees: The Ultimate Threat to Forests, Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement/Friends of the Earth
169. Humphreys, David, Gosens, Jorrit, Jackson, Michael J., Plasmeijer, Anouska, van Betuw, Wouter and Mohren, Frits (2005) ‘Biotechnology in the forest?: Policy options on research on GM Trees,’ European Forest Institute Discussion Paper 12, Joensuu: European Forest Institute.
170. World Rainforest Movement (2001) ‘UNFF: Little hope for forest peoples and forest biodiversity in this Forum.’ Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/56UNFF.html (accessed 7 January 2003).
171. Humphreys, David (2003) ‘The United Nations Forum on Forests: Anatomy of a stalled international process,’ Global Environmental Change, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp.319–323.
172. Hemmati, Minu (2002) Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustain-ability: Beyond Deadlock and Conflict, London: Earthscan, p.33–34
173. Lovera, Miguel, Avendaño, Tatiana Rosa and Torres, Irene Vélez (eds) (2005) The New Merchants: Life as Commodity, Bogotá: Global Forest Coalition/Censat Agua Viva.
174. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 83, p.8
175. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 116, p.9.
176. Keal, Paul (2003) European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Moral Backwardness of International Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.217–223.
177. Newing, Helen (ed) (2005) Our Knowledge for Our Survival: Traditional Forest Related Knowledge and the Implementation of Related International Commitments, Chiang Mai: International Alliance of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests (2 volumes).
178. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 116, p.8.
179. Sustainable Developments, Vol. 101, No. 1, pp.4, 8.
180. Codex Alimentarius website: www.codexalimentarius.net/web/index_en.jsp (accessed 30 November 2005).
181. Kirton, J. J. and Trebilcock, M. J. (eds) (2004) Hard Choices, Soft Law: Voluntary Standards in Global Trade, Environment and Social Governance, Hampshire: Ashgate, p.22
182. Tarasofsky, Richard and Flejzor, Lauren (2005) ‘The potential role of a voluntary instrument on all types of forests,’ background paper for UNFF country-led initiative, Berlin, 16–18 November, pp.3–4
183. Wood, Peter (2004) ‘Soft law, hard law and the development of an international forest convention,’ unpublished manuscript, dated 28 April.
184. Kaminga, Menno T. (1995) ‘Principles of international environmental law,’ in Glasbergen, Pieter and Blowers, Andrew (eds) Environmental Policy in an International Context: Perspectives on Environmental Problems, London: Arnold, p.127.
185. Humphreys, David (1996) Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation, London: Earthscan, pp.96–98.
186. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 133, p.14.
187. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 133, p.14.
188. Dimitrov, Radoslav (2006) ‘Hostage to norms: States, institutions and global forest politics,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.1–24.
189. Gulbrandsen, Lars (2004) ‘Overlapping public and private governance: Can forest certification fill the gaps in the global forest regime?,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2, p.76.
190. Forests Forever (1996) ‘Paper 3: Progress in timber certification schemes worldwide,’ London, October 1996, p.4
191. Ozinga, Saskia (2001) Behind the Logo: An Environmental and Social Assessment of Forest Certification Schemes, Moreton-in-Marsh, UK: FERN, pp.910.
192. World Wide Fund for Nature International (1988) ITTO: Tropical Forest Conservation and the International Tropical Timber Organisation, Position Paper 1, Gland, Switzerland: WWF International, p.10.
193. Elliott, Chris and Sullivan, Francis (1991) Incentives and Sustainability: Where is ITTO Going?, WWF International Position Paper, Gland, Switzerland: WWF International, pp.5–6.
194. Rainforest Alliance (1993) ‘Description of the Smart Wood Program,’ 11 March.
195. Cossalter, Christian and Pye-Smith, Charlie (2003) Fast-Wood Forestry: Myths and Realities, Jakarta: CIFOR.
196. Roda, J-M (2002) ‘Écocertification tropicale: Pour en finir avec les idées reçues!,’ Bois Mag, No. 15
197. Eba’a Atyi, Richard and Simula, Markku (2002) ‘Forest certification: Pending challenges for tropical timber,’ ITTO Technical Series No. 19, Yokohama: International Tropical Timber Organization, p.12.
198. Rametsteiner, Ewald and Simula, Markku (2003) ‘Forest certification: An instrument to promote sustainable forest management?,’ Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 67, pp.87–98.
199. World Rainforest Movement (2003) Certifying the Uncertifiable: FSC Certification of Tree Plantations in Thailand and Brazil, Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement.
200. ‘Certifying plantations: The FSC review process.’ Available online at: www.certificationwatch.org/article.php3?id_article=2208 (accessed 27 October 2004).
201. Thornber, K. (1999) ‘An overview of global trends in FSC certificates’ (available online at: www.iied.org/psf)
202. Bass, Stephen, Thornber, Kirsti, Markopoulos, Matthew, Roberts, Sarah and Grieg-Grah, Maryanne (2001) Certification’s Impacts on Forests, Stakeholders and Supply Chains, London: IIED, p.87.
203. Poore, Duncan et al (1989) No Timber Without Trees: Sustainability in the Tropical Forest, London: Earthscan.
204. WWF (2004) ‘Global Forest and Trade Network: Partnerships for responsible forestry’ (information pamphlet), Gland, Switzerland: WWF.
205. Vilhunen, L., Hansen, E., Juslin, H. and Forsyth, K. (2001) ‘Forest certification update for the ECE Region, summer 2001,’ Geneva Timber and Forest Discussion Papers, ECE/TIM/DP/23
206. Gleckman, Harris and Krut, Riva (1996) ‘Neither international nor standard: The limits of ISO 14001 as an instrument of global corporate environmental management,’ Greener Management International, No. 14 (April), p.113 (emphasis in original).
207. Krut, Riva and Gleckman, Harris (1998) ISO 14001: A Missed Opportunity for Sustainable Global Industrial Development, London: Earthscan.
208. Clapp, Jennifer (1998) ‘The privatization of global environmental governance and the developing world,’ Global Governance, Vol. 4, p.308.
209. Downes, David R. (1999) ‘Global forest policy and selected instrument instruments: A preliminary review,’ in Tarasofsky, Richard (ed) Assessing the International Forests Regime, Cambridge UK: IUCN, p.81.
210. Wenban-Smith, Matthew and Elliott, Chris (1996) ‘The Forest Stewardship Council and the International Organization for Standardization,’ FSC Notes, Vol. 1, No. 3, (June), p.7.
211. Gale, Fred (2002) ‘Caveat Certificatum: The case of forest certification,’ in Princen, Thomas, Maniates, Michael and Conca, Ken (eds) Confronting Consumption, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, p.288.
212. Ozinga, Saskia (2001) Behind the Logo: An Environmental and Social Assessment of Forest Certification Schemes, Moreton-in-Marsh UK: FERN, p.19
213. Ozinga, Saskia. with Krul, Leontien (2004) Footprints in the Forest: Current Practices and Future Challenges in Forest Certification, Moreton in Marsh UK: FERN, pp.20, 74.
214. BrownWeiss, Edith (1999), ‘The emerging structure of international environmental law,’ in Vig, Norman J. and Axelrod, Regina S. (eds) The Global Environment: Institutions, Law and Policy, London: Earthscan, p.102.
215. Falkner, Robert (2003) ‘Private environmental governance and international relations: Exploring the links,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 3, No. 2, p.77.
216. Cashore, Benjamin, Auld, Graeme and Newsom, Deanna (2004) Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-State Authority, New Haven: Yale University Press, p.90.
217. Gulbrandsen, Lars (2003) ‘The evolving forest regime and domestic actors: Strategic or normative adaptation,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 12, No. 2, p.105
218. Gulbrandsen, Lars (2005) ‘Explaining different approaches to voluntary standards: A study of forest certification choices in Norway and Sweden,’ Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.45–61.
219. UN document ECE/TIM/DP/14, ‘Geneva timber and forest discussion papers, the status of forest certification in the ECE region,’ Hansen, Eric and Juslin, Heikki, pp.10–12. Available online at: www.unece.org/trade/timber/tc-publ.htm (accessed 20 February 2005).
220. PEFC website: www.pefc.org/lisbon/html (accessed 22 June 2001).
221. Annex 3, ‘Pan-European Operational Level Guidelines for sustainable forest management,’ in Follow-Up Reports on the Ministerial Conferences for the Protection of Forests in Europe, Volume II, Third Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Lisbon, June 1998, Lisbon: Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries of Portugal, p.258.
222. Peter Mayer, former head of the MCPFE Liaison Unit, interview, fourth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, Geneva, 13 May 2004.
223. Vallejo, Nancy; Hauselmann, Pierre and Pi Environmental Consulting (2001) PEFC: An Analysis, WWF Discussion Paper, Zurich: WWF European Forest Team, p.19.
224. Jeanrenaud, Jean-Paul and Sullivan, Francis (1994) Forest Certification and the Forest Stewardship Council: A WWF Perspective, Godalming UK: WWF-UK
225. Knight, Peter (1993) ‘Timber watchdog ready to bark,’ Financial Times, 6 October, p.18.
226. Colchester, Marcus, Sirait, Martua and Wijardo, Boedhi (2003) ‘The application of FSC principles 2 & 3 in Indonesia: Obstacles and possibilities.’ Available online at: www.forestpeoples.org/Briefings/UNFF/fsc_princip_2+3_indonesia_may03_eng.htm (accessed 14 February 2005).
227. Down to Earth (2003) ‘Suspend FSC certification, says major new study.’ Available online at: http://dte.gn.apc.org/57FSC.htm (accessed 15 June 2004).
228. Contreras-Hermosilla, Arnoldo and Fay, Chip (2005) Strengthening Forest Management in Indonesia through Land Tenure Reform: Issues and Framework for Action, Washington DC/Nairobi: Forest Trends/World Agroforestry Centre. Available online at: www.forest-trends.org/documents/publications/IndonesiaReport_final_11-4.pdf (accessed 17 March 2006).
229. Counsell, Simon and Terje Kloraas, Kim (2002) Trading in Credibility: The myth and reality of the Forest Stewardship Council, London and Oslo: Rainforest Foundation, p.5.
230. FSC (2003) Public Statement, ‘Response to the Rainforest Foundation Report “Trading in Credibility”,’ 27 February.
231. FSC (2002) ‘FSC response to the Rainforest Foundation’s press release claiming major deficiencies in FSC’s systems,’ 20 November 2002; and FSC, n.61 above.
232. Laschefski, Klemens and Feris, Nicole (2001) ‘Saving the wood from the trees,’ The Ecologist, Vol. 31 No. 6, July/August, pp.40–43.
233. Nature and Finnish Nature League (2004) Certifying Extinction?: An Assessment of the Revised Standards of the Finnish Forest Certification Scheme, Helsinki: Greenpeace, September, p.21.
234. Synott, Timothy (2000) ‘Forest Stewardship Council – Position on mutual recognition,’ paper presented to the Second International Seminar on the Mutual Recognition of Credible Forest Certification Systems, Brussels, 28–29 November, p.3.
235. Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition (2004) ‘Many standards mean widespread application and a need for mutual recognition.’ Available online at: www.sfms.com/recognition.htm (accessed 11 January 2005).
236. WWF (2001) Certification: Mutual Recognition of Schemes: Position Paper, Gland, Switzerland: WWF International.
237. Fenner, Rudolf and Kill, Jutta (2001) Behind the Logo: The Development, Standards and Procedures of the Pan-European Forest Certification Scheme and the Forest Stewardship Council in Germany, Moreton-in-Marsh UK: FERN.
238. Brack, Duncan and Saunders, Jade (2004) Public Procurement of Timber: EU Member State Initiatives For Sourcing Legal and Sustainable Timber, London: Chatham House, p.5.
239. International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS) (2000) Annual Report 1999 of the IOAS, International Organic Accreditation Service, Implementing the IFOAM Accreditation Programme, Jamestown, ND: IOAS, p.15.
240. ISEAL Alliance (2003) ‘International accreditation, E016 fact sheet #1,’ July, para.10, p.2.
241. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2003) ‘Discussion paper: Forest certification systems and the “Legitimacy” thresholds model (LTM).’
242. Nussbaum, Ruth and Simula, Markku (2004) Forest Certification: A Review of Impacts and Assessment Frameworks, A TFD Publication, No. 1, Yale: The Forests Dialogue/Yale University, p.1.
243. WWF International and WBCSD Sustainable Forest Products Industry Working Group (2004) ‘Joint statement on forest certification for The Forests Dialogue,’ October.
244. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 25.
245. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 45, p.5.
246. Hurrell, Andrew (1993) ‘International society and the study of regimes: A reflective approach,’ in Rittberger, Volker (ed), Regime Theory and International Relations, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp.51–52.
247. Contreras-Hermosilla, Arnoldo (2002) Law Compliance in the Forestry Sector: An Overview, Washington DC: World Bank Institute, pp.6–8.
248. Taylor, Mark (2005) ‘The Green Peace Prize,’ Adbusters: Journal of the Mental Environment, Vol. 13, No. 3
249. Wesberry, J. (2001) ‘Combating fraud in procurement and contracting,’ in Kaufmann, D., Gonzalez de Asis, M. and Dininio, P. (eds) Improving Governance and Controlling Corruption: Towards a Participatory and Action-oriented Approach Grounded on Empirical Rigour, Washington: World Bank Institute
250. Contreras-Hermosilla, Arnoldo (2002) ‘Illegal forest production and trade: An overview’ (unpublished manuscript).
251. FIN Newsletter, Issue 5, June 2003, p.5
252. Callister, Debra J. (1992) Illegal Tropical Timber Trade: Asia Pacific, A TRAFFIC Network Report, Cambridge UK: TRAFFIC International, p.iv.
253. Schweithelm, James and Chanthy, Srey (2004) Cambodia: An Assessment of Forest Conflict at the Community Level, June. Submitted to USAID/Cambodia and USAID/ANA/SPOTS, Washington.
254. Marshall, George (1990) ‘The political economy of logging: The Barnett Inquiry into corruption in the Papua New Guinea timber industry,’ The Ecologist, Vol. 20, No. 5, September/October, p.174.
255. Marshall, George (1990) The Barnett Report: A Summary of the Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Aspects of the Timber Industry in Papua New Guinea, Hobart: Asia Pacific Action Group.
256. Greenpeace (2004) The Untouchables: Rimbunan Hijau’s World of Forest Crime and Political Patronage, Amsterdam: Greenpeace International
257. Greenpeace (2005) Partners in Crime: The UK Timber Trade, Chinese Sweatshops and Malaysian Robber Barons in Papua New Guinea’s Rainforests, London: Greenpeace.
258. Jasper Teulings, senior legal counsel of Greenpeace International, cited in Certification Watch (2004) ‘World’s largest forest destroyer takes on environmentalists,’ 15 September. Available online at: www.certificationwatch.org/print.php3?id_article=2154 (accessed 27 October 2004).
259. Callister, n.9 above, p.65
260. Asia Pulse (2001) ‘Philippines steps up campaign against illegal logging,’ 4 December. Available online at: http://forests.org/archive/asia/phstupca.htm (accessed 16 April 2004).
261. Hills, Jonathan (2005) ‘Cause and effect: Illegal logging in the Asia Pacific,’ CSR Asia, Vol. 1, Week 12, p.12
262. Dauvergne, Peter (2001) Loggers and Degradation in the Asia Pacific: Corporations and Environmental Management, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.76–80.
263. Chua, Amy (2004) World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability, New York: Anchor Books, p.43.
264. Vatikiotis, Michael R. J. (1993) Indonesian Politics Under Suharto (3rd edition), London and New York: Routledge, p.14
265. Borsuk, Richard (2003) ‘Suharto crony stays busy behind bars: “Bob” Hasan starts business, pulls strings at Olympics.’ Available online at: www.mongabay.com/external/bob_hasan_indonesia.htm (accessed 12 April 2004).
266. Smith, J., Obidzinski, K., Subarudi and Suramenggala, I. (2003) ‘Illegal logging, collusive corruption and fragmented governments in Kalimantan, Indonesia,’ International Forestry Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp.293–302.
267. WWF (2004) ‘Most recent articles, 16 March 2004, Sumatran tiger on the brink of extinction.’ Available online at: www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/forests/news/ (accessed 24 March 2004).
268. Environmental Investigation Agency and Telapak (2005) The Last Frontier: Illegal Logging in Papua and China’s Massive Timber Theft, London: Environmental Investigation Agency
269. Aglionby, John (2005) ‘Timber smuggling ring exposed,’ Guardian, 18 February, p.19
270. Watts, Jonathan (2005) ‘China consumes forests of smuggled timber,’ Guardian, 22 April, p.17
271. Environmental Investigation Agency (1998) The Politics of Extinction: The Orangutan Crisis – The Destruction of Indonesia’s Forests, London: EIA
272. Environmental Investigation Agency and Telapak (1999) The Final Cut: Illegal Logging in Indonesia’s Orangutan Parks, London/Washington/Bogor: EIA/Telapak
273. Environmental Investigation Agency and Telapak (2002) Above the Law: Corruption, Collusion, Nepotism and the Fate of Indonesia’s Forests, London/Washington/Bogor: EIA/Telapak.
274. Environmental Investigation Agency and Telapak (2004) Profiting from Plunder: How Malaysia Smuggles Endangered Wood, London: EIA.
275. Vidal, John (2002) ‘UK plays key role in illegal logging,’ Guardian, 19 April, p.11.
276. Carroll, Rory (2002) ‘Multinationals in scramble for Congo’s wealth,’ Guardian, 22 October, p.15.
277. Rainforest Foundation (2004) ‘New threats to the forests and forest peoples of the Democratic Republic of Congo,’ Briefing Paper, February (with thanks to Simon Counsell).
278. Anon. (2003) ‘Illegal logging in Ghana’s Asubima Forest,’ 16 December. Available online at: www.illegal-logging.info/news.php?newsId=112 (accessed 19 February 2004).
279. Bureau for Regional Oriental Campaigns, Friends of the Earth-Japan and Pacific Environment and Resources Centre (2000) Plundering Russia’s Far Eastern Taiga: Illegal Logging, Corruption and Trade, Vladivostock: Bureau for Regional Oriental Campaigns.
280. Diamond, Jared (2005) Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive, London: Allen Lane, pp.365–366, 372.
281. Global Witness (2003) A Conflict of Interest: The Uncertain Future of Burma’s Forests, London: Global Witness
282. Vidal, John (2005) ‘China “strips forests in Burma”,’ Guardian, 19 October, p.18.
283. Lopina, Olga; Ptichnikov, Andrei and Voropayev, Alexander (2003) Illegal Logging in Northwestern Russia and Export of Russian Forest Products to Sweden, Moscow: WWF Russia.
284. European Forest Institute (2005) Press release, ‘Illegal logging in Russia distorts roundwood markets in Russia and the EU,’ 3 November.
285. WWF Latvia (2003) ‘The features of illegal logging and related trade in the Baltic Sea region,’ Discussion Paper
286. WWF Latvia (2003) ‘Logging and trade of acquired timber: Legal regulation, procedures and ways to evade them,’ Discussion Paper.
287. Environmental News Service (2005) ‘Brazil fells massive Amazon timber fraud ring,’ 6 June. Available online at: www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2005/2005-06-06-03.asp (accessed 6 March 2006)
288. Mongabay (2005) ‘Timber traffickers arrested in Brazil,’ 31 October. Available online at: http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1031-ap.html (accessed 6 March 2006)
289. Greenpeace (2001) Partners in Mahogany Crime: Amazon at the Mercy of ‘Gentleman’s Agreements,’ Amsterdam: Greenpeace International
290. Greenpeace (1999) Facing Destruction: A Greenpeace Briefing on the Timber Industry in the Brazilian Amazon, Amsterdam: Greenpeace International.
291. Bill Mankin, Global Forest Policy Project, interview, fourth session of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests, New York, 10 February 2000.
292. McAlpine, J. L. (2003) ‘Conservation diplomacy – one government’s commitment and strategy to eliminate illegal logging,’ International Forestry Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp.230–235
293. Jan McAlpine, US State Department, interview, fourth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, Geneva, 4 May 2004.
294. Palo, Matti (2001) ‘World forests and the G8 economic powers: From imperialism to the Action Programme on Forests,’ in Palo, Matti, Uusivuori, Jussi and Mery, Gerardo (eds) World Forests, Markets and Policies, Volume III, Dordrecht: Kluwer, p.184.
295. Humphreys, David (1996) Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation, London: Earthscan, p.84
296. Horst, Alexander (2001) ‘G8 Action Programme on Forests: Mere rhetoric?,’ in Palo, Uusivuori and Mery (eds), n.54 above, p.204.
297. Freezailah, B. Che Yeom and Cherukat, Chandrasekharan (2002) ‘Achieving sustainable forest management in Indonesia,’ ITTO Tropical Forest Update, Vol. 12, No. 1, p.10
298. EIA and Telapak (2001) Timber Trafficking: Illegal Logging in Indonesia, South East Asia and International Consumption of Illegally-sourced Timber, London/Washington/Bogor: EIA/Telapak.
299. Global Witness (1999) ‘The untouchables: Forest crimes and the concessionaires – can Cambodia afford to keep them?,’ Briefing Document, December
300. Global Witness (2004) Taking a Cut: Institutionalised Corruption and Illegal Logging in Cambodia’s Aural Wildlife Sanctuary, London: Global Witness.
301. Commonwealth Forestry News, No. 22, September 2003, p.12
302. Sustainable Developments, Vol. 60, No. 1, p.10.
303. ITTO Tropical Forest Update, Vol. 11, No. 4, p.19.
304. International Forestry Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2003, pp.223–229
305. Speechly, H. (2003) ‘Bilateral agreements to address illegal logging,’ International Forestry Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, p.220.
306. Sustainable Developments, Vol. 60, No. 7, p.3.
307. European Commission (2002) ‘Communication on a global partnership for sustainable development.’ Available online at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/flegt/workshop/issue.htm (accessed 21 November 2002).
308. Brack, Duncan, Marijnissen, Chantal and Ozinga, Saskia (2002) Controlling Imports of Illegal Timber: Options for Europe, London/Brussels: RIIA/ FERN, pp.50–51
309. FERN/Greenpeace/WWF (2004) Facing Reality: How to Halt the Import of Illegal Timber in the EU, Brussels: FERN/Greenpeace/WWF, Annex II, p.33.
310. Greenpeace (2004) ‘Illegal timber trade and the EU: The stakes and the showdown,’ June
311. Brack, Duncan (2005) ‘Controlling illegal logging and the trade in illegally harvested timber: The EU’s Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 14, No. 1, p.35.
312. Brack, Duncan (2003) ‘Lessons from international agreements,’ International Forestry Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp.240–246.
313. Toyne, Paul, O’Brien, Cliona and Nelson, Rod (2002) The Timber Footprint of the G8 and China: Making the Case For Green Procurement by Government, Gland, Switzerland: WWF International.
314. Brack, Duncan and Saunders, Jade (2004) Public Procurement of Timber: EU Member State Initiatives for Sourcing Legal and Sustainable Timber, London: Chatham House.
315. Saunders, Jade (2005) Improving Due Diligence in Forestry Investments: Restricting Legitimate Finance for Illegal Activities, London: Chatham House.
316. Brown, Paul and Harrabin, Roger (2005) ‘US tries to sink forests plan,’ Guardian, 16 March
317. Smith, R. J. cited in Harrabin, Roger (2005) ‘US blocks forest protection plan,’ 15 March. Available online at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/4351863.stm (accessed 21 March 2005) and at: http://forests.org/articles/reader.asp?linkid=40065 (accessed 2 June 2005).
318. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2004) Expanded Programme of Work on Forest Biological Diversity, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, programme element 2, goal 1, objective 4, p.17.
319. Environmental Investigation Agency (2005) ‘CAFTA will flood Florida and U.S. markets with illegal timber products,’ 6 June. Available online at: www.eia-international.org/cgi/news/news.cgi?t=template&a=246&source= (accessed 23 July 2005)
320. Mallaby, Sebastian (2004) The World’s Banker: A Story of Failed States, Financial Crises and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations, New Haven: Yale University Press, p.44.
321. World Bank (2001) ‘Forestry development: A review of Bank experience.’ Available online at: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/6314B428033F6A54852567F5005D81ED (accessed 12 May 2005).
322. World Bank (undated) ‘Forestry development: The World Bank experience.’ Available online at: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/5EF3153BDD265CE28525681C00697107 (accessed 11 May 2005)
323. World Bank (1978) Forestry, sector policy paper, p.33
324. Payer, Cheryl (1982) The World Bank: A Critical Analysis, New York: Monthly Review Press, p.295.
325. Poore, Duncan et al (1989) No Timber Without Trees: Sustainability in the Tropical Forest, London: Earthscan.
326. Price, David (1989) Before the Bulldozer: The Nambiquara Indians and the World Bank, Washington DC: Seven Locks Press.
327. Rich, Bruce (1994) Mortgaging the Earth: The World Bank, Environmental Impoverishment and the Crisis of Development, Boston: Beacon Press, pp.29–33
328. Hall, Anthony L. (1989) Developing Amazonia: Deforestation and Social Conflict in Brazil’s Carajás Programme, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
329. Colchester, Marcus and Lohmann, Larry (1990) The Tropical Forestry Action Plan: What Progress?, Penang/Sturminster Newton UK: World Rainforest Movement/ The Ecologist
330. Halpin, Elizabeth A. (1990) Indigenous Peoples and the Tropical Forestry Action Plan, Washington DC: World Resources Institute
331. Lynch, Owen J. (1990) Whither the People?: Demographic, Tenurial and Agricultural Aspects of the Tropical Forestry Action Plan, Washington DC: World Resources Institute
332. Winterbottom, Robert (1990) Taking Stock: The Tropical Forestry Action Plan After Five Years, Washington DC: World Resources Institute.
333. World Bank (1991) The Forest Sector: A World Bank Policy Paper, Washington DC: The World Bank, p.65.
334. Kolk, Ans (1996) Forests in International Environmental Politics: International Organizations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon, Utrecht: International Books, p.227.
335. World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (2000) Financing the Global Benefits of Forests: The Bank’s GEF Portfolio and the 1991 Forest Strategy, Washington DC: World Bank, p. xiv
336. Global Environment Facility (2004) Forests Matter: GEF’s Contribution to Conserving and Sustaining Forest Ecosystems, Washington DC: GEF, p.32.
337. World Bank/WWF Alliance (2002) Progress Through Partnership: Catalyzing Change in Forest Policy and Practice, Washington DC, p.3
338. World Bank/WWF Alliance (2003) Annual Report 03, Washington DC, p.3.
339. World Bank/WWF Alliance (2002), n.26 above, p.18.
340. World Bank/WWF Alliance (2003), n.27 above, p.13.
341. World Bank/WWF Alliance (2003), n.27 above, p.27.
342. World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (2000) The World Bank Forest Strategy: Striking the Right Balance, Washington DC: World Bank, p.xxi.
343. World Bank (2002) Sustaining Forests: A World Bank Strategy, Washington DC: World Bank, p.6.
344. World Bank (2002) A Revised Forest Strategy for the World Bank Group, Washington DC: World Bank, p.2.
345. Flejzor, Lauren (2006) ‘Explaining strategic change in international organizations,’ PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science, p.238.
346. World Rainforest Movement (undated) ‘The World Bank in the forest.’ Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/publications/briefings/worldbank.html (accessed 19 February 2004).
347. Rich, Bruce (2002) ‘The World Bank under James Wolfensohn,’ in Pincus, Jonathan R. and Winters, Jeffrey A. (eds) Reinventing the World Bank, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp.26–38.
348. World Bank website (undated) ‘The World Bank Operational Manual.’ Available online at: http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nsf/TextDefinition1? OpenNavigator (accessed 1 April 2004).
349. World Bank website (undated) ‘Operational and Safeguard Policies.’ Available online at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/ENVIRONMENT/0, contentMDK:20124313∼menuPK:549278∼pagePK:148956∼piPK:216618∼theSitePK:244381,00.html (accessed 7 June 2004).
350. Colchester, Marcus (2002) ‘Does the World Bank’s new draft forest policy protect “critical forests”?,’ Forest Peoples Programme paper, 25 June 2002
351. Forest Peoples Programme (2005) ‘The invisible sourcebook: a “critical” omission,’
352. Rainforest Foundation et al (2005) Broken Promises: How World Bank Group Policies Fail to Protect Forests and Forest Peoples’ Rights, Rainforest Foundation, April, p.46.
353. Stiglitz, Joseph (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, London: Penguin Books, especially p.13.
354. Wunder, Sven (2003) Oil Wealth and the Fate of the Forest, London: CIFOR/Routledge.
355. Horta, Korinna (2005) ‘Forests and structural adjustment: the World Bank’s steamrolling of stakeholders and its own board,’ in Rainforest Foundation et al, n.70 above, pp.44–45.
356. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2005) Executive Brief: Sustainable Forest Products Industry, p.1. Available online at: www.wbcsd.org/DocRoot/oY8ixp7MjSJvIqZ0dmG/Forest.pdf (accessed 7 June 2006).
357. World Bank/WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Use (2005) ‘New alliance targets,’ paper disseminated at the formal launch of the renewed Alliance, fifth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, New York, 25 May 2005.
358. Krasner, Stephen D. (1983) ‘Structural causes and regime consequences: Regimes as intervening variables,’ in Krasner, Stephen D. (ed) International Regimes, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, p.2.
359. De Fontaubert, Charlotte (2003) Achieving Sustainable Fisheries: Implementing the New International Legal Regime, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN
360. Friedheim, Robert L. (1992) Negotiating the New Ocean Regime, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press
361. Joyner, Christopher C. (1998) Governing the Frozen Commons: The Antarctic Regime and Environmental Protection, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press
362. Rittberger, Volker (ed) (1993) Regime Theory and International Relations, Oxford: Clarendon Press
363. Yamin, Farhana and Depledge, Joanna (2004) The International Climate Change Regime: A Guide to Rules, Institutions and Procedures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
364. Young, Oran R. and Osherenko, Gail (eds) (1993) Polar Politics: Creating International Environmental Regimes, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
365. Glück, Peter; Tarasofsky, Richard; Byron, Neil and Tikkanen, Ilpo (1997) Options for Strengthening the International Legal Regime for Forests, Joensuu: European Forest Institute
366. Tarasofsky, Richard (1995) The International Forests Regime: Legal and Policy Issues, Gland, Switzerland: WWF/IUCN
367. Tarasofsky, Richard (ed) (1999) Assessing the International Forests Regime. IUCN Environmental Law and Policy Paper No. 37, Cambridge: IUCN Publications.
368. Skala-Kuhmann, Astrid (1996) ‘Legal instruments to enhance the conservation and sustainable management of forest resources at the international level,’ report commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development (MMZ) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), July.
369. CBD Decision IV/7, ‘Forest biological diversity,’ in Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2003) Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2nd edition), Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, pp.479–487
370. Humphreys, David (1999) ‘The evolving forests regime,’ Global Environmental Change, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.251–254.
371. Colchester, Marcus (2003) Salvaging Nature: Indigenous Peoples, Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation, Montevideo/Moreton-in-Marsh: World Rainforest Movement.
372. MacKay, Fergus and Caruso, Emily (2004) ‘Indigenous lands or national parks,’ Cultural Survival Quarterly, Issue 28.1, 15 March. Available online at: http://209.200.101.189/publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=1737 (accessed 26 January 2006).
373. Borrini-Feyerabend, Grazia (2003) ‘Governance of protected areas … innovations in the air,’ Policy Matters, Issue 12, pp.92–101. Available online at: www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/Publications/newsletter/PM12.pdf (accessed 26 January 2006)
374. Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (2003) ‘Community conserved areas (CCAs) and co-managed protected areas (CMPAs) – towards equitable and effective conservation in the context of global change,’ Draft report of the IUCN joint CCESP/WCPA Theme on Indigenous and Local Community, Equity and Protected Areas (TILCEPA) for the Ecosystems, Protected Areas and People (EPP) Project, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Available online at: www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/Wkg_grp/TILCEPA/community.htm (accessed 17 June 2005).
375. Borrini-Feyerabend, Grazia, Kothari, Ashish, Oviedo, Gonzalo et al (2004) ‘Indigenous and local communities and protected areas: Towards equity and enhanced conservation – Guidance on policy and practice for co-managed protected areas and community conserved areas,’ WCPA Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 11, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
376. Biological Diversity (2004) ‘Biodiversity issues for consideration in the planning, establishment and management of protected area sites and networks,’ CBD Technical Series No. 15, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
377. Mulongoy, Kalemani Jo and Chape, Stuart (eds) (2004) Protected Areas and Biodiversity, Montreal/Cambridge: CBD/WCMC.
378. Sayer, Jeffrey, Isharan, Natarajan, Thorsell, James and Sigaty, Todd (2000) ‘Tropical forest biodiversity and the World Heritage Convention,’ Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment, Vol. 29, Issue 6, pp.302–309.
379. Child, Brian (2004) ‘Parks in transition: Biodiversity development and the bottom line,’ in Child, Brian (ed) Parks in Transition: Biodiversity, Rural Development and the Bottom Line, London: Earthscan, pp.245–246.
380. Okrah, Lambert and Kofie, Richard (2005) ‘Multi-stakeholder involvement in national parks management: The case of private sector in Mole national park,’ in Lovera, Miguel, Avendaño, Tatiana Rosa and Torres, Irene Vélez (eds) The New Merchants: Life as commodity, Bogotá: Global Forest Coalition/Censat Agua Viva, pp.55–61.
381. Friends of the Earth International (2005) Privatization: Nature for Sale – The Impacts of Privatizing Water and Biodiversity, Amsterdam: Friends of the Earth International, pp.13, 33.
382. Steiner, Achim (2003) ‘Trouble in paradise,’ New Scientist, 18 October, p.21.
383. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2001) ‘Sustainable management of non-timber forest resources,’ CBD Technical Series No. 6, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
384. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2003) ‘Facilitating Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity,’ CBD Technical Series No. 9, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
385. Colchester, Marcus, Silva Monterrey, Nalúa and Tomedes, Ramón (2004) Protecting and Encouraging Customary Use of Biological Resources: The Upper Caura, Venezuela, Moreton-in-Marsh UK: Forest Peoples Programme, p.53
386. Richardson, Benjamin J. (2001) ‘Indigenous peoples, international law and sustainability,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.1–12.
387. Colchester, Marcus and MacKay, Fergus (2004) In Search of Middle Ground: Indigenous Peoples, Collective Representation and the Right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent, Moreton-in-March UK: Forest Peoples Programme, p.9.
388. World Commission on Dams (2000) Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making, London: Earthscan, pp. xxxiv, 281–282.
389. Meyer, Anja (2001) ‘International environmental law and human rights: Towards the explicit recognition of traditional knowledge,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.37–46.
390. Tvedt, Morten Walløe (2005) ‘How will a substantive patent law treaty affect the public domain for genetic resources and biological material?,’ Journal of World Intellectual Property, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.311–344.
391. Sell, Susan K. (2003) Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.175.
392. Anuradha, R.V. (2001) ‘IPRs: Implications for biodiversity and local and indigenous communities,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.27–36.
393. World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, September 2002, ‘Plan of Implementation,’ para. 44(o). Available online at: www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/documents/summit_docs/2309_planfinal.htm (accessed 27 April 2005).
394. Press Statement of the International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, ‘ABS ignores indigenous human rights,’ 17 February 2005.
395. Tickell, Oliver (2000) ‘Stalemate on key carbon forestry principles,’ Independent (special report on Global Warming), 15 December, p.5.
396. Carrere, Ricardo (1999) Ten Replies to Ten Lies: Briefing Paper, Plantations Campaign, Moreton-in-March/Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement
397. Lohmann, Larry (1999) The Carbon Shop: Planting New Problems, Briefing Paper, Plantations Campaign, Moreton-in-March/Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement.
398. Greenpeace (2003) ‘Sinks in the CDM: After the climate, biodiversity goes down the drain – An analysis of the CDM sinks agreement at CoP-9’ (unpublished paper).
399. Kill, Jutta (2001) Sinks in the Kyoto Protocol: A Dirty Deal for Forests, Forest Peoples and the Climate, Brussels: FERN, p.9.
400. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2003) ‘Interlinkages between biological diversity and climate change: Advice on the integration of biodiversity considerations into the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol,’ CBD Technical Series No. 10, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
401. McCarthy, Michael (2003) ‘A year of extremes provides evidence of global warming,’ Independent, 3 December, p.3.
402. IUCN and TRAFFIC (2002) ‘Timber and the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES, Chile 2002,’ briefing document.
403. US Fish and Wildlife Service (undated) ‘International affairs: Mahogany Working Group.’ Available online at: www.fws.gov/citestimber/mahogany/mahoganyworkinggroup.html (accessed 18 April 2004).
404. ‘Recommendations made by the Mahogany Working Group.’ Available online at: www.cites.org/eng/decis/valid12/annex3.shtml (accessed 31 August 2004).
405. Chen, H. K. and Zain, S. (2005) ‘CITES, trade and sustainable forest management,’ Unasylva 219, Vol. 55, pp.44–45.
406. Wilkie, D. S. and Carpenter, J. F. (1999) ‘Bushmeat hunting in the Congo Basin: An assessment of impacts and options for migration,’ Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp.927–955.
407. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2004) Expanded Programme of Work on Forest Biological Diversity, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, p.11.
408. World Rainforest Movement (2000) ‘The World Trade Organization and forests.’ Available online at: www.wrm.org.uy/publications/briefings/wto.html (accessed 19 February 2004).
409. Brack, Duncan and Gray, Kevin (2003) Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, p.22.
410. Humphreys, David (2004) ‘Redefining the issues: NGO influence on international forest negotiations,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.51–74.
411. American Lands Alliance (2002) ‘Impact of the Free Trade Area of the Americas on forests.’ Available online at: http://americanlands.org/IMF/free_trade.htm (accessed 29 July 2003).
412. Weber, Martin (2001) ‘Competing political visions: WTO governance and green politics,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 1, No. 3, p.105.
413. Saunders, J. Owen (1992) ‘Trade and environment: The fine line between environmental protection and environmental protectionism,’ International Journal, Vol. XLVII, pp.723–750
414. Jenkins, Leesteffy (1996) ‘Trade sanctions: Effective enforcement tools,’ in Cameroon, James, Werksman, Jacob and Roderick, Peter (eds) Improving Compliance with International Environmental Law, London: Earthscan, pp.221–228.
415. Gill, Stephen (2002) Power and Resistance in the New World Order, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
416. Eckersley, Robin (2004) ‘The big chill: The WTO and multilateral environmental agreements,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.25–26
417. Gill, Stephen (1995) ‘Globalization, market civilization and disciplinary neoliberalism,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.399–423.
418. Ruggie, John Gerard (2004) ‘Reconstituting the global public domain – Issues, actors, and practices,’ European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 10, No. 4, p.504.
419. Wapner, Paul (1995) ‘Politics beyond the state: Environmental activism and world civic politics,’ World Politics, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp.311–341
420. Wapner, Paul (1996) Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics, Albany: State University of New York Press.
421. Bass, Stephen (2002) ‘Global forest governance: Emerging impacts of the Forest Stewardship Council,’ paper presented to the SUSTRA workshop on Architecture of the Global System of Governance of Trade and Development,’ Berlin, 9–10 December 2002.
422. Bernstein, Steven (2000) ‘Ideas, social structure and the compromise of liberal environmentalism,’ European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.464–512
423. Bernstein, Steven (2001) The Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism, New York: Columbia University Press
424. Bernstein, Steven (2002), ‘Liberal environmentalism and global environmental governance,’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.1–16, especially p.11.
425. World Bank (2003) ‘Forest Investment Forum.’ Available online at: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/14ByDocName/EventsForestInvestmentForumOct2003 (accessed 18 December 2003).
426. International Tropical Timber Organization (2006) ‘International tropical forest investment forum: Issues and opportunities for investment in natural tropical forests.’ Available online at: www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandler?pageId+223&id=1022 (accessed 22 March 2006).
427. Saurin, Julian (1994) ‘Global environmental degradation, modernity and environmental knowledge,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.46–64
428. Thomas, Caroline (ed) (1994) Rio: Unravelling the Consequences, London: Frank Cass, pp.46–64
429. Paterson, Matthew (2001) Understanding Global Environmental Politics: Domination, Accumulation, Resistance, London: Palgrave, pp.35–65.
430. Soros, George (1998) The Crisis of Global Capitalism: Open Society Endangered, London: Little, Brown and Company.
431. Stiglitz, Joseph (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, London: Allen Lane, pp.89–165.
432. Underhill, Geoffrey (2001) ‘The public good versus private interests and the global financial and monetary system,’ in Drache, Daniel (ed) The Market or the Public Domain: Global Governance and the Asymmetry of Power, London: Routledge, pp.274–295
433. Wyplosz, Charles (1999) ‘International financial instability,’ in Kaul, Inge, Grunberg, Isabelle and Stern, Marc A. (eds) (1999) Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press/United Nations Development Programme, pp.152–189.
434. Knight, Danielle (2001) ‘World Bank, IMF chided on Indonesian forests,’ Asia Times, 27 October. Available online at: www.atimes.com/se-asia/CJ27Ae02.html (accessed 15 April 2004).
435. Environmental Investigation Agency (1998) The Politics of Extinction: The Orangutan Crisis – The Destruction of Indonesia’s Forests, London: Environmental Investigation Agency
436. Young, O. R. (ed) ‘Science plan for the project on the Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change,’ Box C, p.20. Available online at: http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/∼idgec/html/publications/html/scienceplan/txt/Plan.txt (accessed 15 April 2004).
437. Welch, Carol (undated) ‘Indonesia: Crisis and the IMF: Talking points.’ Available online at: www.inannareturns.com/indonesi.htm (accessed 15 April 2004)
438. Brazier, Chris (2004) ‘The power and the folly,’ New Internationalist, No. 365, March, pp.9–11.
439. Menotti, Victor (1998a) ‘Globalization and the acceleration of forest destruction since Rio,’ The Ecologist, Vol. 28, No. 6, November/December, pp.354–362
440. Sachs, Wolfgang (1999) Planet Dialectics: Explorations in Environment and Development, London: Zed Books, p.144.
441. Faulkner, J. Hugh (1995) ‘Public–private partnerships in sustainable development,’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.133–136.
442. Bakan, Joel (2004) The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, London: Constable, p.108.
443. Van der Pijl, Kees (1998) Transnational Classes and International Relations, London: Routledge, especially pp.46–47.
444. Lee, Kelley, Humphreys, David and Pugh, Michael (1997), ‘“Privatization” in the United Nations system: Patterns of influence in three intergovernmental organizations,’ Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.339–357.
445. Korten, David (1995) When Corporations Rule the World, London: Earthscan, p.59
446. Drutman, Lee and Cray, Charlie (2004) The People’s Business: Controlling Corporations and Restoring Democracy, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, p.63.
447. Bollier, David (2003) Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth, London: Routledge.
448. Harvey, David (2003) The New Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.158.
449. Prashad, Vijay (2002) Fat Cats and Running Dogs: The Enron Stage of Capitalism, London: Zed, p.73.
450. Freedland, Jonathan (2006) ‘Big business, not religion, is the real power in the White House,’ Guardian, 7 June, p. 27.
451. Curver, Brian (2003) Enron: Anatomy of Greed, London: Arrow.
452. US Forest Service (undated) ‘Healthy Forests Initiative.’ Available online at: www.fs.fed.us/projects/hfi (accessed 18 October 2005)
453. ‘Healthy forests: An initiative for wildfire prevention and stronger communities.’ Available online at: www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/healthyforests/Healthy_Forests_v2.pdf (accessed 18 October 2005).
454. Sierra Club (2003) ‘Debunking the “Healthy Forests Initiative”.’ Available online at: www.sierraclub.org/forests/fires/healthyforests_initiative.asp (accessed 18 October 2005).
455. Behan, Richard W. (2001) Plundered Promise: Capitalism, Politics and the Fate of the Federal Lands, Washington DC: Island Press.
456. Pye-Smith, Charlie (2002) The Subsidy Scandal: How Your Government Wastes Your Money to Wreck Your Environment, London: Earthscan, p.19.
457. Shutt, Harry (1998) The Trouble With Capitalism: An Enquiry into the Causes of Global Economic Failure, London: Zed Books
458. Elliott, Larry and Atkinson, Dan (1998) The Age of Insecurity, London: Verso.
459. Derber, Charles (2002) People Before Profit: The New Globalization in an Age of Terror, Big Money, and Economic Crisis, London: Souvenir Press, p.162
460. Chomsky, Noam (1999) People Over Profit: Neoliberalism and the Global Order, New York: Seven Stories Press, p.141
461. Cromwell, David (2001) Private Planet: Corporate Plunder and the Fight Back, Charlbury UK: Jon Carpenter, p.30
462. Curtis, Mark (2003) Web of Deceit: Britain’s Real Role in the World, London: Vintage, pp.225–226
463. Monbiot, George (2000) Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain, London: Macmillan, Chapter 10, especially p.303.
464. Klein, Naomi (2002) Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate, London: Flamingo, p.56–57
465. Wallach, Lori and Woodall, Patrick/Public Citizen (2004) Whose Trade Organization: A Comprehensive Guide to the WTO, New York: The New Press, p.270
466. Greenfield, Gerard (2000) ‘The NAFTA ruling on Metalclad vs. Mexico – The broader context,’ 18 September. Available online at: www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/nafta/000918metalclad.htm (accessed 26 September 2005).
467. Choudry, Aziz (2004) ‘The bilateral bypass,’ New Internationalist, No. 369, July, p.6
468. Robert Zoellick, New Internationalist, No. 376, March 2005, p.29.
469. McMurtry, John (2002) Value Wars: The Global Market Versus the Life Economy, London: Pluto, p.165
470. McMurtry, John (1999) The Cancer Stage of Capitalism, London: Pluto.
471. Gill, Stephen (2002) Power and Resistance in the New World Order, London: Palgrave Macmillan
472. Gill, Stephen (1995) ‘Globalization, market civilization and disciplinary neoliberalism,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.399–423.
473. Martin-Brown, Joan (1996) ‘The U.S. private sector and the environment,’ International Negotiation, Vol. 1, pp.247–253
474. Paarlberg, Robert L. (1999) ‘Lapsed leadership: U.S. International environmental policy since Rio,’ in Vig, Norman J. and Axelrod, Regina S. (eds) The Global Environment: Institutions, Law and Policy, London: Earthscan, pp.236–255
475. Falkner, Robert (2001) ‘Business conflict and U.S. international environmental policy: Ozone, climate, and biodiversity,’ in Harris, Paul G. (ed) The Environment, International Relations and U.S. Foreign Policy, Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, pp.157–177.
476. Robertson, Geoffrey (2002) Crimes Against Humanity: The Struggle for Global Justice, London: Penguin, Chapter 9, especially p.369.
477. Sands, Philippe (2005) Lawless World: America and the Making and Breaking of Global Rules, London: Penguin, pp.174–203.
478. Krugman, Paul (2003) The Great Unravelling: From Boom to Bust in Three Scandalous Years, London: Allen Lane/Penguin, pp.3–26
479. Chomsky, Noam (2000) Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs, London: Pluto.
480. Hutton, Will (2002) The World We’re In, London: Little, Brown, pp.49–85.
481. Beder, Sharon (2002) Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism (revised edition), Totnes: Green Books, pp.48–60
482. Welford, Richard (1996) ‘Business and environmental policies,’ in Blowers, Andrew and Glasbergen, Pieter (eds) Environmental Policy in an International Context: Prospects for Environmental Change, London: Arnold, pp.66–67.
483. Christian Aid (2004) Behind the Mask: The Real Face of Corporate Social Responsibility, London: Christian Aid, p.50.
484. Assadourian, Erik (2006) ‘Transforming corporations,’ in Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2006, New York, WW Norton, p.186.
485. Ruggie, John Gerard (2003) ‘Taking embedded liberalism global: The corporate connection,’ in Held, David and Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias (eds) Taming Globalization: Frontiers of Governance, Cambridge: Polity, p.115
486. Nadeau, Robert L. (2003) The Wealth of Nature: How Mainstream Economics Has Failed the Environment, New York: Columbia University Press, especially pp.2–11, 154–6, 167–72.
487. Gates, Jeff (2000) Democracy at Risk: Rescuing Main Street from Wall Street, Cambridge MA: Perseus, p.270
488. Sklair, Lesley (2002) Globalization: Capitalism and its Alternatives, Oxford: Oxford University Press; and Gates
489. Hines, Colin (2000) Localization: A Global Manifesto, London: Earthscan
490. Mander, Edward and Goldsmith, Jerry (eds) (2001) The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Towards Localization, London: Earthscan.
491. Humphreys, David (2001) ‘Environmental accountability and transnational corporations,’ in Gleeson, Brendan and Low, Nicholas (eds) Governing for the Environment: Global Problems, Ethics and Democracy, London: Palgrave, pp.88–101
492. Massey, Doreen (1999) ‘Living in Wythenshawe,’ in Borden, I., Kerr, J., Pivaro, A. and Rendell, J. (eds) The Unknown City, Cambridge MA: MIT Press
493. Postiglione, Amedeo (2001) ‘An international court on the environment,’ in Gleeson and Low (eds), n.71 above, pp.211–220.
494. Held, David (1995) Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance, Cambridge: Polity, p.171
495. Falk, Richard (2001) ‘Human governance and the environment: Overcoming neo-liberalism,’ in Gleeson and Low (eds), n.71 above, p.224
496. Stewart, Keith (2001) ‘Avoiding the tragedy of the commons: Greening governance through the market or the public domain?,’ in Drache (ed), n.13 above, pp.202–228.
497. Carroll, Rory (2006) ‘Shell told to pay Nigerians $1.5bn pollution damages,’ Guardian, 25 February, p.18.
498. Morales, Evo (2006) ‘Bolivia: From neoliberalism to a homeland for all,’ Green Left Weekly, 13 March. Available online at: www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=9897 (accessed 2 May 2006)
499. Owen, Paul and agencies (2006) ‘Bolivia orders troops to seize gas and oil supplies, Guardian, 2 May, p.14.
500. George, Susan (2004) Another World is Possible If…, London: Verso, p.110.
501. DePalma, Anthony (2005) ‘9 states in plan to cut emissions by power plants,’ New York Times, 24 August. Available online at: www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/nyregion/24air.html (accessed 20 March 2006).
502. McGrew, Anthony (2002) ‘Between two worlds: Europe in a globalizing era,’ Government and Opposition, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp.343–358
503. Harrington, Winston, Morgenstern, Richard D. and Sterner, Thomas (2004) Choosing Environmental Policy: Comparing Instruments and Outcomes in the United States and Europe, Washington DC: Resources for the Future
504. Desai, Uday (ed) (2002) Environmental Politics and Policy in Industrialized Countries, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
505. Biermann, Frank and Sohn, Hans-Dieter (2004) ‘Europe and multipolar global governance: India and East Asia as new partners?,’ Global Governance Working Paper No. 10, Amsterdam/Berlin/Oldenburg/Potsdam: The Global Governance Project.
506. Renninger, John P. (1989) ‘The failure to launch global negotiations at the 11th special session of the General Assembly,’ in Kaufmann, Johan (ed) Effective Negotiation: Case Studies in Conference Diplomacy, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff/Kluwer Academic, pp.231–254.
507. Coleman, David (2003) ‘The United Nations and transnational corporations: from an inter-nation to a “beyond-state” model of engagement,’ Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp.339–357