The Face–Time Continuum: Lifespan Changes in Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Impact Aging-Associated Perceptions

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 1624-1636

  Hehman, Eric ^a   Leitner, Jordan B ^b   Freeman, Jonathan B ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

aging; bizygomatic width; face perception; impression formation; stereotypes

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGGRESSION; AGING; ASSOCIATION; BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; FACE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MORPHOMETRICS; PERCEPTION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGGRESSION; AGING; BODY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES; CUES; EMOTIONS; FACE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84911058949     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167214552791     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Adams R. B.,Franklin R. G.,Nelson A. J.,Stevenson M. T.The science of social vision. Adams R. B.Ambady N.Nakayama K.Shimojo S., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011:90-107.
2. Allport G.The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, UK: Addison-Wesley; 1954:
3. Aoyagi Y.,Shephard R. J.Aging and muscle function.Sports Medicine. 1992;14:376-396
4. Bang H.,Montgomery D.Wisdom and ego-identity for Korean and American late adolescents.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2012;44 (5): 807-831
5. Baumeister R. F.,Leary M. R.The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin. 1995;117:497-529
6. Beckett L. A.,Brock D. B.,Lemke J. H.,Mendes de,Leon C. F.,Guralnik J. M.,..Evans D. A.Analysis of change in self-reported physical function among older persons in four population studies.American Journal of Epidemiology. 1996;143:766-778
7. Blair I.,Judd C. M.,Sadler M. S.,Jenkins C.The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: Judging by features and categories.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;83:5-25
8. Blanz V.,Vetter T.A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces.; 1999; 1999. 187.
9. Bonnie R. J.,Wallace R. B.Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003:
10. Brewer M. B.Advances in social cognition. Wyer R. S.Srull T. K., ed. Hillsdale, NH: Erlbaum; 1988:1-36.
11. Brewer M. B.,Dull V.,Lui L.Perceptions of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41:656-670
12. Buhrmester M.,Kwang T.,Gosling S. D.Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?.Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2011;6:3-5
13. Caporael L. R.,Culbertson G. H.Verbal response modes of baby talk and other speech at institutions for the aged.Language & Communication. 1986;6:99-112
14. Carré J. M.,McCormick C. M.In your face: Facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2008;275 (1651): 2651-2656
15. Carré J. M.,McCormick C. M.,Mondloch C. J.Facial structure is a reliable cue of aggressive behavior.Psychological Science. 2009;20:1194-1198
16. Cloutier J.,Mason M. F.,Macrae C. N.The perceptual determinants of person construal: Reopening the social-cognitive toolbox.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2005;88:885-894
17. Cuddy A. J. C.,Fiske S. T.,Glick P.The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;92:631-648
18. Cuddy A. J. C.,Norton M. I.,Fiske S. T.This old stereotype: The pervasiveness and persistence of the elderly stereotype.Journal of Social Issues. 2005;61:267-285
19. Cumming G.Replication and p intervals: p values predict the future only vaguely, but confidence intervals do much better.Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2008;3:286-300
20. Deaner R. O.,Goetz S. M. M.,Shattuck K.,Schnotala T.Body weight, not facial width-to-height ratio, predicts aggression in pro hockey players.Journal of Research in Personality. 2012;46:235-238
21. DeBruine L. M.Facial resemblance enhances trust.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2002;269 (1498): 1307-1312
22. DeBruine L. M.,Jones B. C.,Little A. C.,Perrett D. I.Social perception of facial resemblance in humans.Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2008;37:64-77
23. Devine P. G.Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;56:5-18
24. Dovidio J. F.,Gaertner S. L.Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989 and 1999.Psychological Science. 2000;11:315-319
25. Efron B.,Tibshirani R. J.An introduction to the bootstrap.Technometrics. 1995;37:340-341
26. Eisenberger N. I.,Lieberman M. D.,Williams K. D.Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion.Science. 2003;302 (5643): 290-292
27. Eisenegger C.,Haushofer J.,Fehr E.The role of testosterone in social interaction.Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2011;15:263-271
28. Fiske S. T.,Cuddy A. J. C.,Glick P.,Xu J.A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82:878-902
29. Folstad I.,Karter A.Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap.American Naturalist. 1992;139:603-622
30. Freeman J. B.,Ambady N.A dynamic interactive theory of person construal.Psychological Review. 2011;118:247-279
31. Freeman J. B.,Johnson K. L.,Adams R. B.,Ambady N.The social-sensory interface: Category interactions in person perception.Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. 2012;6:
32. Geniole S. N.,Keyes A. E.,Mondloch C. J.,Carré J. M.,McCormick C. M.Facing aggression: Cues differ for female versus male faces.PLoS One. 2012;7 (1): e30366
33. Grainger K.,Atkinson K.,Coupland N.Communication health and the elderly. Giles H.Coupland N.Weimann J., ed. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press; 1990:192-212.
34. Hamlin C.,Kohn R.Evidence for progressive, age-related structural changes in post-mature human collagen.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure. 1971;236 (1971): 458-467
35. Haselhuhn M. P.,Wong E. M.Bad to the bone: Facial structure predicts unethical behaviour.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2012;279 (1728): 571-576
36. Hehman E.,Leitner J. B.,Deegan M. P.,Gaertner S. L.Facial structure is indicative of explicit support for prejudicial beliefs.Psychological Science. 2013;24:289-296
37. Hehman E.,Leitner J. B.,Gaertner S.Enhancing static facial features increases intimidation.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2013;49:747-754
38. Jacobson T. A.Overcoming ‘ageism’ bias in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.Drug Safety. 2006;29 (5): 421-448
39. Kite M. E.,Johnson B. T.Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A meta-analysis.Psychology and Aging. 1988;3:233-244
40. Kwan V. S. Y.,Gosling S. D.,John O. P.Anthropomorphism as a special case of social perception: A cross–species social relations model analysis of humans and dogs.Social Cognition. 2008;26:129-142
41. Larsson L.,Grimby G.,Karlsson J.Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology.Journal of Applied Physiology. 1979;46:451-456
42. Lefevre C. E.,Lewis G. J.,Perrett D. I.,Penke L.Telling facial metrics: Facial width is associated with testosterone levels in men.Evolution & Human Behavior. 2013;34:273-279
43. Macrae C. N.,Bodenhausen G. V.Social cognition: Thinking categorically about others.Annual Review of Psychology. 2000;51:93-120
44. Mason M. F.,Cloutier J.,Macrae C. N.On construing others: Category and stereotype activation from facial cues.Social Cognition. 2006;24:540-562
45. Mayew W.Reassessing the association between facial structure and baseball performance: A comment on Tsujimura & Banissy (2013).Biology Letters. 2013;9:
46. McArthur L. Z.,Baron R. M.Toward an ecological theory of social perception.Psychological Review. 1983;90:215-238
47. Nussbaum J. F.The communication of wisdom: The nature and impact of communication and language change across the life span.Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 2012;:
48. Oosterhof N.,Todorov A.The functional basis of face evaluation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008;105:11087-11092
49. Paolacci G.,Chandler J.,Ipeirotis P.Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk.Judgment and Decision Making. 2010;5:411-419
50. Pascoe E. A.,Smart Richman L.Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.Psychological Bulletin. 2009;135:531-554
51. Penton-voak I. S.,Chen J. Y.High salivary testosterone is linked to masculine male facial appearance in humans.Evolution & Human Behavior. 2004;25:229-241
52. Preacher K. J.,Curran P. J.,Bauer D. J.Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis.Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 2006;31:437-448
53. Preacher K. J.,Hayes A. F.Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.Behavior Research Methods. 2008;40:879-891
54. Raudenbush S. W.,Bryk A. S.,Congdon R.Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International; 2004:
55. Ricanek K.,Tesafaye T.Morph: A longitudinal image database of normal adult age-progression.FGR 2006 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition; 2006Southampton, UK; 2006.
56. Richman J.The foolishness and wisdom of age: Attitudes toward the elderly as reflected in jokes.The Gerontologist. 1977;17:210-219
57. Sell A.,Cosmides L.,Tooby J.,Sznycer D.,von Rueden C.,Gurven M.Human adaptations for the visual assessment of strength and fighting ability from the body and face.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2009;276 (1656): 575-584
58. Short L. A.,Mondloch C. J.,McCormick C. M.,Carré J. M.,Ma R.,Fu G.,Lee K.Detection of propensity for aggression based on facial structure irrespective of face race.Evolution & Human Behavior. 2012;33:121-129
59. Stine R.An introduction to bootstrap methods examples and ideas.Sociological Methods & Research. 1989;18:243-291
60. Stirrat M.,Perrett D. I.Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: Male facial width and trustworthiness.Psychological Science. 2010;21:349-354
61. Stirrat M.,Stulp G.,Pollet T. V.Male facial width is associated with death by contact violence: Narrow-faced males are more likely to die from contact violence.Evolution & Human Behavior. 2012;33:551-556
62. Thomas J. R.,French K. E.Gender differences across age in motor performance a meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin. 1985;98:260-282
63. Tsujimura H.,Banissy M.Human face structure correlates with professional baseball performance: Insights from professional Japanese baseball players.Biology Letters. 2013;9:
64. United States Census Bureau (2010). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/2010census/
65. Verdonck A.,Gaethofs M.,Carels C.,de Zegher F.Effect of low-dose testosterone treatment on craniofacial growth in boys with delayed puberty.European Journal of Orthodontics. 1999;21:137-143
66. Webster J. D.,Westerhof G. J.,Bohlmeijer E. T.Wisdom and mental health across the lifespan.The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences. 2012;69:209-218
67. Weston E. M.,Friday A. E.,Liò P.Biometric evidence that sexual selection has shaped the hominin face.PLoS One. 2007;2 (8): e710
68. Windhager S.,Schaefer K.,Fink B.Geometric morphometrics of male facial shape in relation to physical strength and perceived attractiveness, dominance, and masculinity.American Journal of Human Biology. 2011;23:805-814
69. Yasui T.,Yonetsu M.,Tanaka R.,Tanaka Y.,Fukushima S.,Yamashita T.,.. Araki T.In vivo observation of age-related structural changes of dermal collagen in human facial skin using collagen-sensitive second harmonic generation microscope equipped with 1250-nm mode-locked Cr:Forsterite laser.Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2013;18 (3):
70. Zebrowitz L. A.,Andreoletti C.,Collins M. A.,Lee S. Y.,Blumenthal J.Bright, bad, babyfaced boys: Appearance stereotypes do not always yield self-fulfilling prophecy effects.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;75:1300-1320
71. Zebrowitz L. A.,Fellous J.-M.,Mignault A.,Andreoletti C.Trait impressions as overgeneralized responses to adaptively significant facial qualities: Evidence from connectionist modeling.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2003;7:194-215
72. Zebrowitz L. A.,Luevano V. X.,Bronstad P. M.,Aharon I.Neural activation to babyfaced men matches activation to babies.Social Neuroscience. 2009;4:1-10
73. Zebrowitz L. A.,Montepare J. M.Impressions of babyfaced individuals across the life span.Developmental Psychology. 1992;28:1143-1152
74. Zebrowitz L. A.,Wadlinger H. A.,Luevano V. X.,White B. M.,Xing C.,Zhang Y.Animal analogies in first impressions of faces.Social Cognition. 2011;29:486-496