Spatial and seasonal variability of tap water disinfection by-products within distribution pipe networks

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 506-507, Issue , 2015, Pages 26-35

  Charisiadis, Pantelis ^a   Andra, Syam S ^a,b   Makris, Konstantinos C ^a   Christophi, Costas A ^a   Skarlatos, Dimitrios ^a   Vamvakousis, Vasilis ^a   Kargaki, Sophia ^c   Stephanou, Euripides G ^c  

^a CYPRUS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Cyprus)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Disinfectant; Disinfection by products; Drinking water distribution system; Spatial and temporal trends; Trihalomethanes; Within and between variability

Indexed keywords

DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT; DISTRIBUTION OF WATER; INTRACLASS CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRENDS; SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TRIHALOMETHANES; WITHIN- AND BETWEEN-VARIABILITY;

POTABLE WATER;

BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; BROMOFORM; CHLOROFORM; DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE; DRINKING WATER; TAP WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE; DISINFECTANT AGENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

DISINFECTION; DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; DRINKING WATER; LEAKAGE; PIPE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; URBAN AREA; WATER POLLUTION; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; CHLORINATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; CYPRUS; DISINFECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HOUSEHOLD; INCIDENCE; PIPELINE; PIPELINE LEAKAGE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SUMMER; TAP WATER DISINFECTION; URBAN AREA; WATER QUALITY; WINTER; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; MICROBIOLOGY; SEASON; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER SUPPLY;

CYPRUS; NICOSIA [CYPRUS]; NICOSIA [NICOSIA (DST)];

DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; SEASONS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 84909594840     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.071     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Baytak D., Sofuoglu A., Inal F., Sofuoglu S.C. Seasonal variation in drinking water concentrations of disinfection by-products in IZMIR and associated human health risks. Sci Total Environ 2008, 407(1):286-296.
2. Brown D., Bridgeman J., West J.R. Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2011, 10(1):79-99.
3. Chang E.E., Lin Y.P., Chiang P.C. Effects of bromide on the formation of THMs and HAAs. Chemosphere 2001, 43(8):1029-1034.
4. Chang H.H., Tung H.H., Chao C.C., Wang G.S. Occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water of Taiwan. Environ Monit Assess 2010, 162(1-4):237-250.
5. Charisiadis P., Makris K.C. A sensitive and fast method for trihalomethanes in urine using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 2014, 947-948:17-22.
6. Charisiadis P., Andra S.S., Makris K.C., Christodoulou M., Christophi C.A., Kargaki S., et al. Household cleaning activities as noningestion exposure determinants of urinary trihalomethanes. Environ Sci Technol 2014, 48(1):770-780.
7. Chen W.J., Weisel C.P. Halogenated DBP concentrations in a distribution system. J Am Water Works Assoc 1998, 90(4):151-163.
8. Chowdhury S. Models for predicting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in drinking waters: a chronological review. Sci Total Environ 2011, 407(14):4189-4206.
9. Chowdhury S., Champagne P., James McLellan P. Investigating effects of bromide ions on trihalomethanes and developing model for predicting bromodichloromethane in drinking water. Water Res 2010, 44(7):2349-2359.
10. Cross S.S., Harrison R.F., Kennedy R.L. Introduction to neural networks. Lancet 1995, 346(8982):1075-1079.
11. Dion-Fortier A., Rodriguez M.J., Sérodes J., Proulx F. Impact of water stagnation in residential cold and hot water plumbing on concentrations of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Water Res 2009, 43(12):3057-3066.
12. Dodds L., King W., Allen A.C., Armson B.A., Fell D.B., Nimrod C. Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and risk of stillbirth. Epidemiology 2004, 15(2):179-186.
13. European Council Directive 98/83/EC Quality of water intended for human consumption, 3 November 1998. Off J Eur Communities 1998, 41:32-54. [5.12.2998, L 330].
14. Gopal K., Tripathy S.S., Bersillon J.L., Dubey S.P. Chlorination byproducts, their toxicodynamics and removal from drinking water. J Hazard Mater 2007, 140(1-2):1-6.
15. Grossi E., Buscema M. Introduction to artificial neural networks. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 19(12):1046-1054.
16. Hinckley A.F., Bachand A.M., Nuckols J.R., Reif J.S. Identifying public water facilities with low spatial variability of disinfection by-products for epidemiological investigations. Occup Environ Med 2005, 62(7):494-499.
17. Hua G., Reckhow D.A., Kim J. Effect of bromide and iodide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40(9):3050-3056.
18. Infante-Rivard C. Drinking water contaminants, gene polymorphisms, and fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112(11):1213-1216.
19. Kampioti A.A., Stephanou E.G. The impact of bromide on the formation of neutral and acidic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Mediterranean chlorinated drinking water. Water Res 2002, 36(10):2596-2606.
20. Keegan T., Whitaker H., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Toledano M.B., Elliott P., Fawell J., et al. Use of routinely collected data on trihalomethane in drinking water for epidemiological purposes. Occup Environ Med 2001, 58(7):447-452.
21. Kiéné L., Lu W., Lévi Y. Relative importance of the phenomena responsible for chlorine decay in drinking water distribution systems. Water Sci Technol 1998, 38(6):219-227.
22. King W.D., Dodds L., Allen A.C. Relation between stillbirth and specific chlorination by-products in public water supplies. Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108(9):883-886.
23. Krasner S.W. The formation and control of emerging disinfection by-products of health concern. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2009, 367(1904):4077-4095.
24. LeBel G.L., Benoit F.M., Williams D.T. A one-year survey of halogenated disinfection by-products in the distribution system of treatment plants using three different disinfection processes 1996, 59. H46-2/96-206E Health, Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
25. Lee J., Kim E.S., Roh B.S., Eom S.W., Zoh K.D. Occurrence of disinfection by-products in tap water distribution systems and their associated health risk. Environ Monit Assess 2013, 185(9):7675-7691.
26. Legay C., Rodriguez M.J., Sérodes J.B., Levallois P. Estimation of chlorination by-products presence in drinking water in epidemiological studies on adverse reproductive outcomes: a review. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408(3):456-472.
27. Legay C., Rodriguez M.J., Sérodes J.B., Levallois P. The assessment of population exposure to chlorination by-products: a study on the influence of the water distribution system. Environ Health 2010, 9:59.
28. Lewis C., Suffet I.H., Ritz B. Estimated effects of disinfection by-products on birth weight in a population served by a single water utility. Am J Epidemiol 2006, 163(1):38-47.
29. Loyola-Sepulveda R., Lopez-Leal G., Munoz J., Bravo-Linares C., Mudge S.M. Trihalomethanes in the drinking water of Concepción and Talcahuano, Chile. Water Environ J 2009, 23:286-292.
30. Mercier-Shanks C., Sérodes J.B., Rodriguez M.J. Spatio-temporal variability of non-regulated disinfection by-products within a drinking water distribution network. Water Res 2013, 47(9):3231-3243.
31. Mouly D., Joulin E., Rosin C., Beaudeau P., Zeghnoun A., Olszewski-Ortar A., et al. Variations in trihalomethane levels in three French water distribution systems and the development of a predictive model. Water Res 2010, 44(18):5168-5179.
32. Olivieri V.P., Snead M.C., Krusé C.W., Kawata K. Stability and effectiveness of chlorine disinfectants in water distribution systems. Environ Health Perspect 1986, 69:15-29.
33. Pereira V.J., Weinberg H.S., Singer P.C. Temporal and spatial variability of DBPs in a chloraminated distribution system. J Am Water Works Assoc 2004, 96:91-102.
34. Pickett K.E., Pearl M. Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001, 55(2):111-122.
35. Pieri P., Andra S.S., Charisiadis P., Demetriou G., Zambakides N. Variability of tap water residual chlorine and microbial counts at spatially-resolved points of use. Environ Eng Sci 2014, 31(4):193-201.
36. Porter C.K., Putnam S.D., Hunting K.L., Riddle M.R. The effect of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposure on fetal growth in a Maryland county. Am J Epidemiol 2005, 162:334-344.
37. Richardson S.D., Plewa M.J., Wagner E.D., Schoeny R., Demarini D.M. Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research. Mutat Res 2007, 636:178.
38. Rodriguez M.J., Sérodes J.B. Spatial and temporal evolution of trihalomethanes in three water distribution systems. Water Res 2001, 35(6):1572-1586.
39. Rodriguez M.J., Vinette Y., Sérodes J.B., Bouchard C. Trihalomethanes in drinking water of greater Québec region (Canada): occurrence, variations and modelling. Environ Monit Assess 2003, 89(1):69-93.
40. Rodriguez M.J., Sérodes J.B., Levallois P. Behavior of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in a drinking water distribution system. Water Res 2004, 38(20):4367-4382.
41. Rodriguez M.J., Serodes J.B., Levallois P., Proulx F. Chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water according to source, treatment, season, and distribution location. J Environ Eng Sci 2007, 6:355-365.
42. Sadiq R., Rodriguez M.J. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and the predictive models for their occurrence: a review. Sci Total Environ 2004, 321(1-3):21-46.
43. Savitz D.A., Andrews K.W., Pastore L.M. Drinking water and pregnancy outcome in central North Carolina: source, amount, and trihalomethane levels. Environ Health Perspect 1995, 103(6):592-596.
44. Savitz D.A., Singer P.C., Herring A.H., Hartmann K.E., Weinberg H.S., Makarushka C. Exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss. Am J Epidemiol 2006, 164(11):1043-1051.
45. Singer P.C. Variability and assessment of disinfection by-product concentrations in water distribution systems. Microbial pathogens and disinfection by-products in drinking water: health effects and management of risks 2001, 211-223. Washington7 International Life Sciences Inst. G.F. Craun, F.S. Hauchman, D.E. Robinson (Eds.).
46. Symanski E., Savitz D.A., Singer P.C. Assessing spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and measurement error in estimated levels of disinfection by-products in tap water: implications for exposure assessment. Occup Environ Med 2004, 61(1):65-72.
47. Toroz I., Uyak V. Seasonal variations of trihalomethanes in water distribution networks of Istanbul city. Desalination 2005, 176:127-141.
48. US EPA Method 551.1 Determination of chlorination disinfection byproducts, chlorinated solvents, and halogenated pesticides/herbicides in drinking water by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection 1995, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, [(accessed 04 May 2014). Available at: http://www.epa.gov/].
49. Vasconcelos J.J., Roseman L.A., Grayman W.M., Boulos P.F., Mark R.M. Kinetics of chlorine decay. J AWWA 1997, 89(7):54-65.
50. Villanueva C.M., Gagniere B., Monfort C., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Cordier S. Sources of variability in levels and exposure to trihalomethanes. Environ Res 2007, 103(2):211-220.
51. Wei J., Ye B., Wang W., Yang L., Tao J., Hang Z. Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408(20):4600-4606.
52. Wright J.M., Schwartz J., Dockery D.W. The effect of disinfection by-products and mutagenic activity on birth weight and gestational duration. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112(8):920-925.