Political spectacle and the fate of American schools

Political Spectacle and the Fate of American Schools

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-278

  Smith, Mary Lee ^a   Miller Kahn, Linda ^b   Heinecke, Walter ^b   Jarvis, Patricia F ^b  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909579370     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203465554     Document Type: Book

References (225)

1. ABC News (2002). Income Gap Growing, ABCNews.com.http://abcsource.starwave.com/sections/us/DailyNews/incmes000118.html.
2. Adams, M.J. (2001). Alphabetic Anxiety and Explicit Systematic Phonics Instruction: A Cognitive Perspective. In Neuman, S. and Dickinson, D. Handbook of Research on Early Literacy (pp. 66-80). New York: Guilford Press.
3. Alterman, E. (1999). The "Right" Books and Big Ideas. The Nation.com. http://past.thenation.com/issue/991122.1122alterman.shtml.
4. Altheide, D.L. and R.P.Snow (1991). Media Worlds in the Postjournalism Era. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
5. American Educational Research Association (1999). The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
6. Amrein, A. and D.Berliner (2002). High-Stakes, Uncertainty, and Student Learning. Education Policy Analysis Archives, http://epaa.asu.edu.
7. Anyon, J. (1997). Ghetto Schooling: A Political Economy of School Reform. New York: Teachers College Press.
8. Apple, M. (1982). Education and Power. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
9. Apple, M. (2001). Educating the "Right" Way. New York: Routledge.
10. Apple, M.W. (1986). Are Teachers Losing Control of their Skills and Curriculum? Journal of Curriculum Studies 18(2), 177-184.
11. Apple, M.W. (1988). Teachers and Texts: A Political Economy of Class and Gender Relations in Education. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
12. Apple, M.W. (1996). Arizona Chief Puts Name and Face Front and Center. Education Week, 20.
13. Arizona Student Assessment Program: Assessment Development Process/Technical Report. Riverside Publishing Company (no date).
14. Ash, T.G. (2000). A Reality Show That's Riveting the World. (2000, November 8). New York Times. Editorial Desk.
15. Augustine, N.R. (1999). Building a Common Agenda Improving U.S. Education. San Francisco Business Times, http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/1999/09/20/editorial4.html
16. Bacon, D. (2000). The Money in Testing (September, 2000). Z Magazine, 40-44.
17. Ball, S.J. (1994). Education Reform: A Critical and Post-Structural Approach. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
18. Barker, J. (1999). McCain Touts National Test for School Voucher Program. Arizona Republic, (June 15) A5.
19. Blackmon, M. (1991) Schools in Decline. Boulder Daily Camera: IB (1991, December 15).
20. Bennett, W. (2001). A Cure for the Illiteracy Epidemic. Wall Street Journal, A24. (2001, April 24).
21. Berliner, D.C. and B.B.Biddle (1995). The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America's Public Schools. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
22. Boggs, C. (2000). The End of Politics. New York: Guilford Press.
23. Boorstin, D.J. (1987). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Borman, K., L.Castenell, et al. (1993). Business Involvement in School Reform: The Rise of the Business Roundtable. The New Politics of Race and Gender (pp. 69-83). C.Marshall (ed.). London: Falmer Press.
25. Bourdieu, P. and J.C.Passeron (1977). Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
26. Bracey, G.W. (2001a). The 11th Bracey Report on the Condition of Public Education, Phi Delta Kappa. Online, http://www.pdkintl.org/kappan/k0110bra.htm.
27. Bracey, G.W. (2001b). Test Scores in the Long Run: Not Important. Education Disinformation Detection and Reporting Agency. Unpublished paper.
28. Bracey, G.W. (2001c). War Against America's Public Schools. Boston, Allyn & Bacon.
29. Bracey, G.W. (2002a). Edison Schools, Inc. EducationNews.org. http://www.educationnews.org/edison_schools_inc.htm (2002, February 12)
30. Bracey, G.W. (2002b). Edison Schools Inc: Chris Wittle's Grand Illumination Dims. (Unpublished paper).
31. Bracey, G.W. (2002c). International Comparisons: An Excuse to Avoid Meaningful Educational Reform. Education Week. (2002, January 23) 30, 32.
32. Bracey, G.W. (2002d). Poison Pill Bill. http://www.america-tomorrow.com/bracey/EDDRA/EDDRA25.htm.
33. Bracey, G.W. (2002e). The Rotten Apple Awards, http://www.america-tomorrow.com/bracey/EDDRA/EDDRA27.htm.
34. Brock, D. (2002). Blinded by the Right: The Conscience of an Ex-conservative. New York: Crown Publishers.
35. Bruner, R.D. (1995). Harold D.Lasswell. Encyclopedia of Democracy, Vol III (pp. 723-725). S.M. Lipset. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.
36. Burns, M.S., P.Griffin, et al. (1999). Starting Out Right: A Guide to Promoting Children's Reading Success. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
37. Bushweller, K. (2001). Delay High-Stakes Graduation Exam, Alaska Board Says. Education Week (2001, January 10:) 25.
38. Business Coalition for Education Reform (no date). National Partners, Business Coalition for Education Reform. 2002. http://www.bcer.org/partners_new/index.html.
39. Business Roundtable (2001). The Business Roundtable Urges House and Senate to Act on Education Reform; Says, "Clock is Ticking." Business Roundtable. http://www.brtable.org/press.cfm/564.
40. Callahan, R.E. (1962). Education and the Cult of Efficiency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Camara, W.J. and A.E.Schmidt (1999). Group Differences in Standardized Testing and Social Stratification (pp. 1-18). New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
42. Camilli, G., S.Vargas, et al. (May 8, 2003). Teaching Children to Read: The fragile link between science and federal education policy. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11 (15), http:epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v11n15/.
43. Camilli, G. and L.A.Shepard (1994). Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
44. Carson, C.C., R.M.Huelskamp, et al. (1992). Perspectives on Education in America: Sandia National Laboratories. Journal of Education Research(May/June), 259-310.
45. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2001). Pathbreaking CBO Study Shows Dramatic Increases in Both 1980s and 1990s in Income Gaps Between the Very Wealthy and Other Americans. Center on the Budget, http://www.centeronbudget.org/5-31-01taxpr.htm
46. Center for Responsive Politics (2002). Influence.INC: Lobbyists Spending in Washington (2000 Edition). Center for Responsive Politics, http://www.opensecrets.org/pubs/lobby00/topind12.asp.
47. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2002). C.F.E. Versus State of New York. Campaign for Fiscal Equity (2002, June 25). http://www.cfequity.org/ns-nysl.htm.
48. Chall, J.S. (1995). Learning to Read: The Great Debate. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
49. Chenoweth, K. (2002). Phonics Debate Linked to Nature of Educational Research. Washington Times (2002, March 28), GZ05.
50. Chomsky, N. (2000). Chomsky on MisEducation. New York: Rowan and Littlefield.
51. Chubb, J.E. and T.M.Moe (1990). Politics, Markets, and America's Schools. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institute.
52. Clark, B. (1998). Political Economy. Westport, CN: Praeger.
53. Cobb, C. and G.V.Glass (2000). Ethnic Segregation in Arizona Charter Schools, Education Policy Analysis Archives, http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v7nl/10/28/99.
54. Cohen, R. (2002). The Politics of Ethics. The Nation (April 8), 21-23.
55. Coleman, J.S. and T.Hoffer (1982). High School Achievement: Public, Catholic, and Private Schools Compared. New York: Basic Books.
56. Cronbach, L.J. (1979). Toward Reform of Program Evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
57. Cronbach, L.J. (1982). Designing Evaluations of Educational and Social Programs. San Francisco, CA.: Jossey-Bass.
58. Darling-Hammond, L. (2001). Apartheid in American Education: How Opportunity is Rationed to Children of Color in the United States. Racial Profiling and Punishment in U.S. Public Schools (pp. 39-44). T.Johnson, J.E.Boyden and W.J.Pittz (eds.). Oakland: Applied Research Project.
59. Davis, B. (2001). Phonics Maven Is at Center of Bush's Education Plan. Wall Street Journal (2001, April 23), A24.
60. Dewey, J. (1902). The School and Society.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
61. Eaton, S.E. and E.Crutcher (1996). Magnets, Media, and Mirages: Prince George's County "Miracle" Cure. Dismantling Desegregation (pp. 265-290). G.Orfield and S.E.Eaton eds. New York: New Press.
62. Edelman, M. (1985). The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
63. Edelman, M. (1988). Constructing the Political Spectacle. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
64. Edelman, M. (1995). From Art to Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Edelsky, C. (1996). With Literacy and Justice for All. London: Taylor and Francis.
66. Ehri, L.C., S.Nunes, et al. (2001). Systematic phonics instruction helps students learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 71 (3), 393-447.
67. Ericson, R.V., P.M.Baranek, et al. (1989). Negotiating Control: A Study of News Sources. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
68. Fetler, M. (1994). Where Have All the Teachers Gone?, Education Policy Analysis Archives. http://olam.ed.asu.edu/epaa/v5n2.html.
69. Finn, J.D. and C.M.Achilles (1999). Tennessee's Class Size Study: Findings, Implications, Misconceptions. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 21(2), 97-110.
70. Fleck, T. (2001). Days of Paige: Did Bush Pick a Master Educator or an Overpaid Front Man (2001) (January 11). Houston Press. (January 11).
71. Flesch, R.F. (1986). Why Johnny Can't Read: And What You Can Do About It. New York: HarperCollins.
72. Foorman, B.F., J.M.Fletcher, et al. (2000). Misrepresentation of Research by Other Researchers. Educational Researcher, 29(6), 27-37.
73. Foorman, B.F., D.Francis, et al. (1998). The Role of Instruction in Learning to Read: Preventing Reading Failure in At-risk children. Journal of Educational Psychology 90, 37-58.
74. Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
75. Gabler, N. (1998). Life: The Movie. New York: Vintage Books Division of Random House.
76. Garan, E.M. (2001). Beyond the Smoke and Mirrors: A Critique of the National Reading Panel Report on Phonics. Phi Delta Kappa, 83(March), 500-506.
77. Garan, E.M. (2002). Resisting Reading Mandates. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heineman.
78. Gelberg, D. (1997). The "Business" of Reforming American Schools. Albany: State University of New York Press.
79. Gereboff, B. (1999). Professionals or Bureaucrats: Cultural Imperatives in Teacher Certification Policies. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies (pp. 88-108). Tempe: Arizona State University.
80. Gitlin, A. and D.F.Labaree (1996). Historical Notes on the Barriers to Professionalism of American Teachers: The Influence of Market and Patriarchy. Teachers' Professional Lives. I.F. Goodson and A.Hargreaves (eds.). London: Falmer Press.
81. Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point. Boston, Little, Brown and Company.
82. Glass, G.V. (1976). Primary, Secondary, and Meta-analysis of Research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3-8.
83. Glass, G.V. (1978). Matthew Arnold and Minimum Compentency. Educational Forum, 42 (2), 139-144.
84. Goffman, Erving (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Anchor Books.
85. Gould, S.J. (1989). Wonderful Life. New York: W.W.Norton.
86. Graue, M.E. and S.Smith (1996). Parents and Mathematics Education Reform: Voicing the Authority of Assessment. Urban Education, 30(4), 395-421.
87. Greene, Maxine (1995). Releasing the Imagination. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
88. Greider, W. (1992). Who Will Tell the People: The Betrayal of American Democracy. New York: Simon and Schuster.
89. Grissom, J.B. and L.A.Shepard (1989). Repeating and Dropping Out of School. Flunking Grades: Research and Policies on Retention (p. 34-63). L.A.Shepard and M.L.Smith (eds.). Philadelphia: Falmer Press.
90. Gross, P.W. and B.K.MacLaury (2000). Measuring What Matters: Using Assessment and Accountability to Improve Student Learning. Committee for Economic Development Research and Policy Committee. New York, National Alliance of Business.
91. Haney, W. (2000). Myth of the Texas Miracle in Education. Education Policy Analysis Archives. http://epaa.aso.edu/epaa/v8n41.
92. Hanuschek, E.A. (1994). Money Might Matter Somewhere: A Response to Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald. Educational Researcher, 23(4), 5-8.
93. Hayek, F.A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
94. Heaney, S. (2001). Poetry's Power Against Intolerance. New York Times (August 26), WK13.
95. Heinecke, W.F. (1997). Desegregation as the Transformation of Intentions: A Case Study. Educational Policy Studies. Tempe, AZ, Arizona State University.
96. Henriques, D.B. and J.Steinberg (2001). Right Answer, Wrong Score: Test Flaws Take Toll. New York Times (no date). (May 20) 1, 22.
97. Herbert, B. (2002). The Bare Minimum. New York Times. (June 27): A27.
98. Herbst, S. (1993). Beyond Numbered Voices. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
99. Heritage Foundation (1998). Why Congress Should Overhaul the Federal Regional Education Laboratories.
100. Herrnstein, R. and C.Murray (1994). The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: The Free Press.
101. Heubert, J.P. (2000). High Stakes Testing and Civil Rights: Standards of Appropriate Test Use and a Strategy for Enforcing Them, http://www.harvard.edu/groups/civilrights/conferences/testing98/drafts/heubert2.html.
102. Heubert, J.P. and R.M.Hauser (1998). High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
103. Hilgartner, Stephen (2000). Science on Stage: Expert Advice as Public Drama. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
104. Hill, Steven (2002). Fixing Elections: The Failure of America's Winner Take All Politics. New York: Routledge.
105. House, E.R. (1993). Professional Evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
106. House, E.R. (1998). Schools for Sale. New York: Teachers College Press.
107. House, E.R., G.V.Glass, et al. (1978). No Simple Answers: Critique of the Follow Through Evaluation. Harvard Educational Review, 48(2), 128-160.
108. House, E.R., R.Linn, et al. (1982). Reports on New York City's Promotional Gates program. New York, Office of Program Evaluation, New York City Schools.
109. Howe, K.R. and M.Eisenhart (2000). A Study of Boulder Valley School District's Open Enrollment System. Boulder, CO, University of Colorado.
110. James, C. (2000). An Apocalptic Attitude Gripped the TV Commentators, Not Their Viewers. New York Times (December 17), 48.
111. Jennings, M.M. (1997). None of the Above: New Approach to Student Testing is Wrong. Arizona Republic (January 12) H 1-2.
112. Judis, J.B. (2000). The Paradox of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests, and the Betrayal of Public Trust. New York: Pantheon Books.
113. Kakutani, M. (2000). Polarization of National Dialogue Mirrors Extremists of Left and Right. New York Times (November 26) A 29.
114. Kantor, H. and R.Lowe (1995). Class, Race, and the Emergence of Federal Education Policy from the New Deal to the Great Society. Educational Researcher, 24(3), 4-11.
115. Keegan, L.G. and J.Root (1996). Why We Formed the Education Leaders Council. Education Week (February 21) 39.
116. Kingdon, J.W. (1995). Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. New York: Harper-Collins.
117. Knorr-Cetina, K.D. (1981). The Manufacture of Knowledge. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
118. Koretz, D., R.L.Linn, et al. (1991). The Effects of High-stakes Testing on Achievement: Preliminary Findings about Generalizations Across Tests. American Educational Research Association: Chicago.
119. Kossan, P. (2000). Keegan Asks Advice, Not "Food Fights." Arizona Republic (November 28) B1.
120. Kozol, J. (1991). Savage Inequalities. New York: Harper-Collins.
121. Krashen, S. (1993). The Power of Reading. Westport CT: Heinemann.
122. Krashen, S. (1999). Three Arguments Against Whole Language and Why They Are Wrong. Westport, CT: Heinemann.
123. Labaree, D.F. (1992). Power, Knowledge, and the Rationalization of Teaching: A Genealogy of the Movement to Professionalize Teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 62(2), 123-154.
124. Labaree, D.F. (1997). How to Succeed in School*Without Really Trying. New Haven: Yale University Press.
125. Ladson-Billings, G. (1994). The Dream-Keepers: Successful Teachers of African American Children. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
126. Lakoff, G. (1996). Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know that Liberals Don't. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
127. Lakoff, G. and M.Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
128. Landgraf, K. (2001). ETS: President Bush's Education Agenda Holds Promise for American Education, http://www.ets.org/news/01/012501.html.
129. Lang, S.S. (2000). As Graduation Standards Get Tougher High School Dropout Rate Rises, Economists Find (references study by Dean R.Lillard), Cornell University News Service. http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/00/.html.
130. Lasch, C. (1995). Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy. New York: W.W.Norton Company.
131. Lasswell, H.D. (1965). World Revolution of Our Time: A Framework for Basic Political Research. World Revolutionary Elites. H.D.Lasswell and D.Lerner (eds.). Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press.
132. Lauder, H. and D.Hughes (1999). Trading in Futures: Why Markets in Education Don't Work. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
133. Levin, H. (1998). High Stakes Testing and Economic Productivity. Cambridge, Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, http://www.law.harvard.edu/groups/civilrights/conferences/testing98/drafts/levin.html.
134. Levin, H.M. (1993). Education and Jobs: A Proactive View. Seventh Annual International Research-Practice Conference on Education and Work, Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies of Education.
135. Lewis, C. (2000). Media Money. Columbia Journalism Review (September-October) 20-27.
136. Linn, R.L., M.E.Graue, et al. (1990). Comparing State and District Test Results to National Norms: The Validity that Everyone Is Above Average. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices 9(3), 5-14.
137. Lugg, C.A. (1996). For God and Country: Conservatism and American School Policy. New York: Peter Lang.
138. Lugg, C.A. (In Press). Education Policy in a Media-driven Age: The Rise of PRolicy. Journal of School Leadership.
139. Lyon, R. (no date). In Celebration of Science in the Study of Reading Development, Reading Difficulties, and Reading Instruction: The NICHD Perspective. Bethesda, MD, National Institute for Child Health and Development.
140. Madaus, G. and M.Clarke (1998). The Adverse Impact of High Stakes Testing on Minority Students: Evidence from 100 Years of Test Data, Harvard Civil Rights Project. http://www.law.harvard.edu/civilrights/conferences/testing98/drafts/madaus_clarke.html
141. Madaus, G. W, M.M.West, et al. (1992). The Influence of Testing on Teaching Math and Science in Grades 4-12: Executive Summary. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation, and Educational Policy, Boston College.
142. Marshall, C., D.Mitchell, et al. (1989). Culture and Educational Policy in the American States. New York: Falmer.
143. Martin, L. (1991). What Work Requires of Schools: A SCANS Report for America 2000. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor.
144. McChesney, R.W. (1999). Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times. New York: The New Press.
145. McDonnell, L. and R.Elmore (1987). Getting the Job Done: Alternative Policy Instruments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9(2), 133-152.
146. McDonnell, L.M. (1994). Assessment Policy as Persuasion and Regulation. American Journal of Education, 102, 394-420.
147. McDonnell, L.M. (1997). The Politics of State Testing: Implementing New Student Assessments. Los Angeles: Center for the Study of Evaluation, University of California.
148. McNeil, L. and A.Valenzuela (1999). The Harmful Impact of the TAAS System on Testing in Texas: Beneath the Accountability Rhetoric. Harvard Civil Rights Project, http://www.law.harvard.edu/civilrights/conferences/testing98/.
149. McNeil, L.M. (2000). Contradictions of School Reform. New York: Routledge.
150. McQuillan, J. (1998). The Literacy Crisis: False Claims and Real Solutions. Portsmouth, NH: Heineman.
151. Mead, G.H. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
152. Mehrens, W.A. (1998). Consequences of Assessment: What is the Evidence? American Educational Research Association: San Diego CA.
153. Metcalf, S. (2002). Reading Between the Lines. TheNation.com. http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020128&c=1&s-Metcalf
154. Mickelson, R. (1999). International Business Machinations: A Case Study of Corporate Involvement in Local Educational Reform. Teachers College Record, 100(3), 476-512.
155. Miller, J. (1991). Report Questioning "Crisis" in Education Triggers Uproar. Education Week (October 9), 1, 32.
156. Miller-Kahn, Linda (2000). Parents, Power, and Policy. Boulder, CO: Unpublished paper.
157. Molnar, A. (1996). Giving Kids the Business: The Commercialization of America's Schools. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
158. Molnar, A. (2000). Colonizing Our Future: The Commercial Transformation of America's Schools. Social Education, 47 (November/December), 428-438.
159. Moore, D.R. and S.Davenport (1990). School Choice: The New and Improved Sorting Machine. Choice in Education: Potential and Problems (pp. 187-223). W.L.Boyd and H.J.Walberg (eds.). Berkeley, CA, McCutchan Publishing Company.
160. Mosteller, F., R.J.Light, et al. (1996). Sustained Inquiry in Education: Lessons Learned from Skill Grouping and Class Size. Harvard Educational Review, 66, 797-842.
161. Murphy, M. (1996). Symington Moves to Right Seeking Votes. Arizona Republic (May 5), 1, 13.
162. National Commission on Excellence in Education (1983). A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Education.
163. National Education Association (2001). The Conservative Network, http://www.nea.org/publiced/paycheck.html.
164. National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (2000a). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and its Implications for Reading Instruction: Reports of the Subgroups. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, NIH Publication.
165. National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (2000b). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and its Implications for Reading Instruction (Summary). Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, NIH Publication.
166. Noble, A.J. and M.L.Smith (1994). Old and New Beliefs about Measurement-Driven Reform. Educational Policy, 8(2), 111-136.
167. Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
168. Nye, B., L.V.Hedges, et al. (1999). The Long-Term Effects of Class Size: A Five-Year Follow-Up of the Tennessee Class Size Experiment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 21(2), 127-142.
169. Oakes, J., K.H.Quartz, et al. (2000). Becoming Good American Schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
170. Olson, L. (2001a). States Adjust High-Stakes Testing Plans. Education Week (January 24), 1,18.
171. Olson, L. (2001b). Study Questions Reliability of Single-Year Test-Score Gains. Education Week (May 23), 9.
172. Olson, L. (2002a). A "Proficient" Score Depends on Geography. Education Week (February 20) 1, 14-15.
173. Olson, L. (2002b). Testing Systems in Most States Not ESEA-Ready. Education Week (January 9), 1, 26-28.
174. Orfield, G. and S.E.Eaton (1996). Dismantling Desegregation: The Quiet Reversal of Brown v. Board of Education. New York: The New Press.
175. Orwell, G. (1949). 1984. New York: Harcourt-Brace (Penguin Edition).
176. Paige, R. (2001). Why We Must Have Testing. Washington Post (2001, May 13), B07.
177. Paterson, F.R.A. (2000). The Politics of Phonics. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 15(3), 179-211.
178. People for the American Way (1999). Privatization of Public Education, People for the American Way Foundation, www.pfaw.org/issues/education.
179. Pearson, P.D. and L.De Stefano (1993). An Evaluation of the 1992 NAEP Proficiency Levels, Report One: A Commentary on the Process. Setting Performance Standards for Student Achievement: Background Studies. R.Linn, R.Glaser and G.Bohrnstedt (eds.). Washington, D.C., National Academy of Education.
180. Peterson, P. and J.P.Greene (1996). School Choice in Milwaukee. Public Interest (Fall), 38-56.
181. Porter, T.M. (1995). Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
182. Porter, T.M. (2001). Quality Counts. Education Week, 20, January 11, 2001.
183. Reich, R.B. (2002). I'll Be Short: Essentials for a Decent Working Society. Boston: Beacon Press.
184. Rich, F. (2000a). May the Best Man Lose. New York Times (November 8), A31.
185. Rich, F. (2000b). No Business Like Show Business. New York Times (September 23), A31.
186. Ritter, G.W. and R.F.Boruch (1999). The Political and Institutional Origins of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Elementary School Class Size: Tennessee's Project STAR. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 21(2), 111-125.
187. Roman, L.G. and M.W.Apple (1990). Is Naturalism a Move Away from Positivism? Qualitative Inquiry in Education (pp. 38-73). E.Eisner and A.Peshkin (eds.). New York: Teachers College Press.
188. Rothstein, R. (2000). Lessons: Polls Only Confuse Education Policy. New York Times, B15.
189. Rumberger, R.W. (1995). Dropping Out of Middle School: A Multi-Level Analysis of Students and Schools. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 582-625.
190. Sacks, P. (1999). Standardized Minds. New York: Harper Collins.
191. Saltman, K.J. (2000). Collateral Damage: Corporatizing Public Schools-A Threat to Democracy. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
192. Schemo, D.J. (2002a). Education Bill Urges New Emphasis on Phonics. New York Times (January 9).
193. Scheme, D.J. (2002b). "No Child Left Behind" Is a Hit Song to Bush Team. New York Times (June 23), YNE16.
194. Schemo, D.J. (2002c). Now, the Pressure Begins for Bush's Reading Expert. New York Times (January 19), A 12.
195. Schiller, L. (1999). Perfect Murder, Perfect Town. New York: Harper Collins.
196. Schneider, A.L. and H.Ingram (1997). Policy Design for Democracy. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
197. Shannon, P., J.Edmondson, et al. (2002). Expressions of Power and Ideology in the National Reading Panel. Annual Meeting, American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
198. Shavelson, R.J. and L.Towne (2002). Scientific Research in Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
199. Shepard, L.A. (1991). Inflated Test Score Gains: Is the Problem Old Norms or Teaching to the Test? Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices, 9(3), 15-22.
200. Shipps, D. (1997). The Invisible Hand: Big Business and Chicago School Reform. Teachers College Record, 99(1), 73-116.
201. Simon, H. (1982). Models of Bounded Rationality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
202. Skrla, L. (2001). Accountability, equity, and complexity. Education Researcher, 30 (4), p. 15-21.
203. Slavin, R.E. (1987). Ability Grouping: A Best-Evidence Synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 57, 293-336.
204. Smith, M.L., G.V.Glass, et al. (1980). Benefits of Psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
205. Smith, M.L., W.Heinecke, et al. (1999). Assessment Policy and Political Spectacle. Teachers College Record, 101(2), 157-191.
206. Smith, S. (1995a). It's a Fact: Our Public Schools Aren't Working. Boulder Daily Camera (June 3), 3B.
207. Smith, S. (1995b). Why the Schools Must Change. Boulder Daily Camera (November 4), 4C.
208. Smith, S. (2000). The Soft-Money Conventions. New York Times. Editorial Desk. August 6,2000.
209. Stake, R.E. (1986). Quieting Reform. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
210. Steinberg, J. (2001). Ideas & Trends; Grilling the Little Ones: Online Testing for Kids. New York Times (January 21), WK 4.
211. Steinberg, J. and D.B.Henriques (2001). When a Test Fails the Schools, Careers and Reputations Suffer. New York Times (May 21), A1, A10.
212. Stone, D. (1997). Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. New York: Norton.
213. Stotsky, S. (1998). Analysis of the Texas Reading Tests, Grade 4, 8, and 10, 1995-1998, EducationNews.org. http://www.educationnews.org/analysis_of_the_texas_reading_te.htm.
214. Sudetic, C. (2001). Reading, Writing, and Revenue. Mother Jones (May/June), 83-95.
215. Sudetic, C. (2001). Supreme Court Strikes Down State Tobacco Ad Ban. Washington Post. June 28, 2001.
216. Taylor, B. (1992). District Under Seige. Boulder Daily Camera: GE 3A (1992, March 22).
217. Taylor, D. (1998). Beginning to Read and the Spin Doctors of Science. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
218. Taylor, D. (2002). Test-Preparation Firms May Stand to Benefit from ESEA Changes. Education Week, 19-20. January 23, 2002.
219. ThomsonFN.com (2001). Insider Trades, Thomson Financial Network.
220. Traub, J. (2002). The Test Mess. New York Times (April 7), 46.
221. Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive Schooling: U.S.-Mexican Youth and the Politics of Caring. Albany: State University of New York: Albany Press.
222. Wallace, M. (1994). The Contribution of Mass Media to the Education Policy Process. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
223. Weiss, C. (1998). Evaluation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
224. Wells, A.S. and I.Serna (1996). The Politics of Culture: Understanding Local Political Resistance to Detracking in Racially Mixed Schools. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 93-118.
225. Yatkin, J. (2000). Minority View (NRP Study). Sandy, OR: Oregon Trail School District.