The history and politics of UN security council reform

The History and Politics of UN Security Council Reform

Volumn 9780203335390, Issue , 2004, Pages 1-122

  Bourantonis, Dimitris ^a  

^a ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS   (Greece)

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EID: 84909054772     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203335390     Document Type: Book

References (82)

1. See, for instance, T.Weiss, 'The illusion of UN Security Council reform', The Washington Quarterly, 26(4), 2003, pp. 147-61
2. see also D.Caron, 'The legitimacy of the collective authority of the Security Council', American Journal of International Law, 87(4), 1993, pp. 552-88.
3. see also, P.Wallensteen, 'Representing the world: A Security Council for the 21st century, in P.Diehl, The Politics of Global Governance, Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 1997, pp. 103-15;
4. W.A.Knight, 'The future of the UN Security Council: questions of legitimacy and representation in multilateral governance', in A.Cooper, J.English and R.Thakur (eds), Enhancing Global Governance. Towards a New Diplomacy, New York: United Nations University Press, 2002, pp. 19-37
5. B.Fassbender, 'Pressure for Security Council reform', in D.Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council. From the Cold War to the 21st Century, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2004, pp. 341-55
6. see also J.Dedring, 'The Security Council', in P.Taylor and A.J.R.Groom (eds), The United Nations at the Millennium. The Principal Organs, London: Continuum, 2000, pp. 61-99
7. P.Taylor, S.Daws and U.Adamczick-Gerteis (eds), Documents on Reform of the United Nations, Aldershot: Darmouth, 1997, pp. 415-68.
8. See, for instance, R.Hiscocks, The Security Council. A Study in Adolescence, London: Longman, 1973, pp. 82-112
9. S.Bailey, The Procedure of the UN Security Council, 2nd edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 107-45
10. See, for instance, Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 227-41
11. B.Urquhart and E. Childers, Towards a More Effective United Nations, Uppsala: Dag Hammarrskjold Foundation, 1992.
12. E.Luck, Reforming the United Nations: Lessons from a History in Progress, International Relations Studies and the United Nations Occasional Papers 2003, no 1, Academic Council on the United Nations, p. 4.
13. H.Briggs, 'Power politics and international organization', American Journal of International Law, 39(4), 1945, p. 670.
14. see R.Dahl, 'A critique of the ruling elite model', American Political Science Review, 52(2), 1958, p. 463.
15. See B.Russett, B.O'Neil and J.Sutterlin, 'Breaking the restructuring logjam', in B.Russett (ed.), The Once and Future Security Council, London, Macmillan, 1997, p. 157.
16. D.Lee, 'The genesis of the veto', International Organization, 1(1), 1947, p. 34.
17. K.Holsti, 'The concept of power in the study of international relations', Background, 7(4), 1964, pp. 188-92.
18. H.Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1968, p. 448.
19. F.Hinsley, Power and the Pursuit of Peace, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963, p. 340.
20. See L.Martin, 'An institutionalist view: international institutions and state strategies', in T.Paul and J.Hall (eds), International Order and the Future of World Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 93.
21. J.Morris, United Nations Security Council reform: A Counsel for the 21st Century', Security Dialogue, Vol. 31(3), 2000, p. 266.
22. A.Parsons, 'Britain and the Security Council', in E.Fisher (ed.), The United Kingdom-The United Nations, London: Macmillan, 1990, p. 49.
23. Roundtable on Security Council Reform. Available online at: www.ncrb.unac.org/unreform/roundtables/SCreform.html (accessed 5 January 2004).
24. E.Luck, Reforming the United Nations: Lessons from a History in Progress, International Relations Studies and the United Nations Occasional Papers 2003, no 1, Academic Council on the United Nations, p. 5.
25. see D.Caron, 'The legitimacy of the collective authority of the Security Council', American Journal of International Law, 87(4), 1993, pp. 552-88;
26. B.Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto. A Constitutional Perspective, The Hague, Kluwer, 1998, pp. 296-318;
27. W.A. Knight, 'The future of the UN Security Council: questions of legitimacy and representation in multilateral governance', in A.Cooper, J.English and R. Thakur (eds), Enhancing Global Governance. Towards a New Diplomacy, New York, United Nations University Press, 2002, pp. 19-37
28. I.Claude, 'Collective legitimization as a political function of the United Nations', International Organization, 20(3), 1966, pp. 367-79;
29. P. Wallensteen, 'Representing the world: A Security Council for the 21st century, in P.Diehl (ed.), The Politics of Global Governance, Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 1997, pp. 103-15; Morris, op. cit., pp. 265-77.
30. See C.Stavropoulos, 'The practice of voluntary abstention by permanent members of the Security Council under Article 27, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations', American Journal of International Law, 61(3), 1967, pp. 737-41.
31. Y.Liang, 'Abstention and absence of a permanent member in relation to the voting procedure in the Security Council', American Journal of International Law, 44(4), 1950, p. 707.
32. S.Bailey, The Procedure of the UN Security Council, 2nd edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, p. 113.
33. R.Hiscocks, The Security Council. A Study in Adolescence, London: Longman, 1973, pp. 97-8.
34. For a detailed account of the way the Eastern European non-permanent seat was filled during this period see the excellent work of S.Bailey and S.Daws, The United Nations. A Concise Political Guide, 3rd edn, London: Macmillan, 1995, pp 40-1;
35. see also N.Padelford, 'Politics and change in the Security Council', International Organization, 14(3), 1960, pp. 384-5.
36. see L.Gross, 'Progress towards universality of membership in the United Nations', American Journal of International Law, 50(4), 1956, pp. 791-6.
37. For the question of Chinese representation in the UN see M.McDougal and R. Goodman, 'Chinese participation in the United Nations: the legal imperatives', American Journal of International Law, 60(4), 1966, pp. 671-727.
38. E.Schwelb, 'Charter review and Charter amendment-recent developments', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 7(2), 1958, p. 316.
39. For details about the problem of Chinese Representation the United Nations see H.Briggs, 'Chinese representation in the United Nations', American journal of International Law, 6(2), 1952, pp. 192-209.
40. See Yearbook of the United Nations, 1957, New York: UN Office of Public Information, 1958, p. 115;
41. Cited in E.Schwelb, 'Amendments to articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter of the United Nations', American Journal of International Law, 59(4), 1965, p. 838.
42. R.Jackson, The Non-Aligned, the UN, and the Superpowers, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983, p. 4.
43. See P.Willetts, The Non-Aligned Movement. The Origins of a Third World Alliance, London: Frances Pinter, 1978, p. 240.
44. See Yugoslav Government, The Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, Belgrade: 1961, p. 89.
45. For the text of the final Declaration of the first conference of heads of state or government of non-aligned countries see O.Jankowitsch and K.Sauvant (eds), Third World Without Superpowers: The Collected Documents of Non-Aligned Countries, New York: Oceana Publications, 1978, pp. 3-7.
46. S.Daws, 'The origins and development of UN electoral groups', in R.Thakur (ed.), What is Equitable Geographic Representation in the Twenty-First Century, Tokyo: The United Nations University, 1999, p. 19.
47. See G.Goodwin, 'The Expanding United Nations: I-Voting Patterns', International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 36(2), 1960, p. 180.
48. J.Teja, 'Expansion of the Security Council and its consensus procedure', Netherlands International Law Review, 16(4), 1969, pp. 353-4.
49. W.A.Knight, 'The future of the UN Security Council: questions of legitimacy and representation in multilateral governance', in A.Cooper, J.English and R. Thakur (eds), Enhancing Global Governance. Towards a New Diplomacy?, New York: United Nations University Press, 2002, p. 21.
50. For the informal consultations of the whole see D.Nicol, The United Nations Security Council. Towards Greater Effectiveness, New York: United Nations Institute for Training and Research, 1982, pp. 74-82
51. see also G.Berridge, Return to the UN. UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts, London, Macmillan, 1991, pp 3-11
52. J.Dedring, 'The Security Council', in P.Taylor and A.J.R.Groom (eds), The United Nations at the Millenium: The Principal Organs, London: Continuum, 2000, pp. 75-9. See also informal consultations. Available online at: http:/www.globalpolicy.org/security/informal (accessed 5 December 2003).
53. C.Crowe, 'Some observations on the operation of the Security Council including the use of the veto', in D.Nicol (ed.), Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and its Presidency, New York: Pergamon, 1981, p. 96.
54. See M.S.Gorbachev, Perestroika I Novoe myshlenie dlia nashei strany i idlia vsego mira, Moscow: Politizdat, 1988.
55. See M.Gorbachev, 'Realities and guarantees for a secured world', Pravda and Izvestia, 17 September 1987.
56. J.Haslam, 'The UN and the Soviet Union: new thinking?, International Affairs, 65(4), 1989, p. 681.
57. P.Shearman, 'New political thinking reassessed', Review of International Studies, 19(2), 1993, p. 157.
58. A.C.Lynch, 'The Realism of Russia's foreign policy', Europe-Asia Studies, 53 (1), 2001, p. 7;
59. H.Adomeit, 'Russia as a great power in world affairs: images and reality', International Affairs, 71(1), 1995, p. 35;
60. S.Garnett, 'Russia's illusory ambitions', Foreign Affairs, 76(2), 1997, p. 61.
61. C.Blacker, 'Russia and the West', in M.Mandelbaum (ed.), The New Russian Foreign Policy, New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998, pp 172-3;
62. J. Checkel, 'Russian foreign policy: back to the future?', RFE/RL Research Report, 1(41), 1992, p. 18.
63. P.Taylor, International Organization in a Modern World. The Regional and the Global Process, London: Pinter 1995, p. 212.
64. See S.Morphet, 'The influence of states and groups of states on and in the Security Council and General Assembly, 1980-1994', Review of International Studies, 21(4) 1995, p. 451.
65. See W.F.Schlor, zGerman Security Policy, Adelphi Paper 227, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1993, p. 57
66. R.Drift, Japan's Quest for a Permanent Security Council Seat. A Matter of Pride or Justice?, Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000, pp. 60-2 and 118-24.
67. H.L.Phippard, 'Remaking the Security Council: the options', in P.Taylor, S. Daws and U.Adamczick-Certeis (eds), Documents on Reform of the United Nations, Aldershot: Darmouth, 1997, p. 427.
68. R.Rich, 'Recognition of states: the collapse of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union', European Journal of International Law, 4(1), 1993, pp. 45-6.
69. See B.Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998, p. 184
70. see also C.Willson, 'Changing the Charter: The United Nations for the twenty-first century', American Journal of International Law, 90(1), 1996, p. 118.
71. See G.Samuels, 'Mixed reaction at the UN: Russia slips into the Soviet seat', The New Leader, 10-24 February 1992, pp. 5-7.
72. See T.Daley, 'Russia's continuation of the Soviet Union's Security Council membership and prospective Russian policies toward the United Nations', Santa Monica, RAND, 1992, pp. 4-8.
73. M.Scharf, 'Musical chairs: The dissolution of states and membership in the United Nations, Cornell International Law Journal, 28, 1995, pp. 47-8.
74. See E.Matanle, The UN Security Council. Prospects for Reform, Discussion Paper 62, London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995, pp. 26-7.
75. For the Japanese stance on the issue see R.Drift, Japan's Quest For a Permanent Security Council Seat: A Matter of Pride or Justice?, London; Macmillan, 2000, pp. 174-9.
76. For a detailed analysis of the measures that were adopted in this period see M. Wood, 'Security Council working methods and procedure: recent developments', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 45(1), 1996, pp. 150-61
77. see also E.Luck, Reforming the United Nations: Lessons from a History in Progress, Academic Council on the United Nations System, International Relations Studies and the United Nations Occasional Papers, no 1, 2003, pp. 13-14
78. See Spain's ideas on Security Council reform. Available online at: http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/spain.htm (accessed 15 February 2003).
79. B.Russett et al., 'Breaking the restructuring logjam', in B.Russett (ed.), The Once and the Future Security Council, London: Macmillan, 1997, p. 158.
80. For the text of the Razali Plan see Appendix 3; for an analysis of the Razali reform plan see R.Drifte, Japan's Quest for a Permanent Security Council Seat. A Matter of Pride or justice?, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000, pp. 181-5
81. see also D.Bourantonis and K.Magliveras, 'The enlargement of the UN Security Council: reflections from the current debate', Politics, 22(1), 2002, pp. 24-30.
82. Cited in B.Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto. A Constitutional Perspective, Hague: Kluwer, 1998, p. 270.