Who are the poor? Measuring wealth inequality to aid understanding of socioeconomic contexts for conservation: A case-study from the Solomon Islands

Environmental Conservation

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 357-366

  Davies, Tammy E ^a,b   Pettorelli, Nathalie ^b   Cresswell, Will ^a   Fazey, Ioan R A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

conservation; Melanesia; monitoring; participatory; poverty; Solomon Islands

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; ECONOMICS; MONITORING;

COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATIONS; MELANESIA; MONITORING STRATEGY; PARTICIPATORY; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; POVERTY; REMOTE RURAL AREAS; SOLOMON ISLANDS;

LANDFORMS;

EID: 84908892667     PISSN: 03768929     EISSN: 14694387     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892914000058     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Adjei, J., Arun, T. & Hossain, F. (2009) Asset building and poverty reduction in Ghana: the case of microfinance. Savings and Development 33(3): 265-291.
2. Agrawal, A. & Redford, K. (2006) Poverty, development, and biodiversity conservation: shooting in the dark? Working paper no. 26, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA: 56 pp.
3. Alkire, S. & Foster, J. (2011) Understandings and misunderstandings of multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Economic Inequality 9(2): 289-314.
4. Alkire, S. & Santos, M. E. (2010) Acute multidimensional poverty: a new index for developing countries. OPHI working paper no. 38, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, Oxford, UK: 139 pp.
5. Allen, M.G., Bourke, R.M., Evans, B.R., Iramu, E., Maemouri, R.K., Mullen, B.F., Pollard, A.A., Wairiu, M., Watoto, C. & Zotalis, S. (2006) Solomon Islands smallholder agriculture study: Volume 4. Provincial reports. AusAID, Canberra, Australia.
6. Ambrose-Oji, B. (2003) The contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of the'forest poor': evidence from the tropical forest zone of south-west Cameroon. International Forestry Review 5(2): 106-117.
7. Applebaum, L.D. (2003) The influence of perceived deservingness on policy decisions regarding aid to the poor. Political Psychology 22(3): 419-442.
8. Babulo, B., Muys, B., Nega, F., Tollens, E., Nyssen, J., Deckers, J. & Mathijs, E. (2009) The economic contribution of forest resource use to rural livelihoods in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 11(2): 109-117.
9. Bacon, C. (2005) Confronting the coffee crisis: can fair trade, organic, and specialty coffees reduce small-scale farmer vulnerability in northern Nicaragua? World Development 33(3): 497-511.
10. Barrett, C.B., Travis, A.J. & Dasgupta, P. (2011) On biodiversity conservation and poverty traps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108(34): 13907-13912.
11. Bayliss-Smith, T., Hviding, E. & Whitmore, T. (2003) Rainforest composition and histories of human disturbance in Solomon Islands. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 32(5): 346-352.
12. Biewen, M. (2006) Who are the chronic poor? An econometric analysis of chronic poverty in Germany. Research on Economic Inequality 13: 31-62.
13. Birdsall, N. & Londoño, J. L. (1997) Asset inequality matters: an assessment of the World Bank's approach to poverty reduction. The American Economic Review 87(2): 32-37.
14. Bonnemaison, J. (1984) Social and cultural aspects of land tenure. In: Land Tenure in Vanuatu, ed. P. Lamour, pp. 1-7. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.
15. Börner, J., Wunder, S., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S., Tito, M. R., Pereira, L. & Nascimento, N. (2010) Direct conservation payments in the Brazilian Amazon: scope and equity implications. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1272-1282.
16. Bourke, R., McGregor, A., Allen, M., Evans, B., Mullen, B., Pollard, A., Wairiu, M. & Zotalis, S. (2006) Solomon Islands Smallholder Agriculture Study: Volume 1. Main findings and recommendations. AusAID, Canberra, Australia.
17. Bradshaw, C.J.A. & Brook, B.W. (2010) The conservation biologist's toolbox-principles for the design and analysis of conservation studies. In: Conservation Biology for All, ed. N.S. Sodhi & P.R. Ehrlich, pp. 313-334. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
18. Brandolini, A., Magri, S. & Smeeding, T.M. (2010) Asset-based measurement of poverty. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 29(2): 267-284.
19. Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. (2002) Model Selection and Multi-Model Inference: a Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. New York, USA: Springer.
20. Buvinić, M. & Gupta, G.R. (1997) Female-headed households and female-maintained families: are they worth targeting to reduce poverty in developing countries? Economic Development and Cultural Change 45(2): 25-280.
21. Carter, M.R. & Barrett, C.B. (2006) The economics of poverty traps and persistent poverty: an asset-based approach. The Journal of Development Studies 42(2): 178-199.
22. Carter, M.R. & May, J. (2001) One kind of freedom: poverty dynamics in post-apartheid South Africa. World Development 29(12): 1987-2006.
23. Cavendish, W. (1999) Poverty, inequality and environmental resources: quantitative analysis of rural households. Report. Centre for the Study of African Economies, InstituteofEconomics and Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
24. Chambers, R. (1992) Rural appraisal: rapid, relaxed and participatory. Discussion paper 311, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK.
25. Chambers, R. (1994) The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development 22(7): 953-969.
26. Chambers, R. (1995) Poverty and livelihoods: whose reality counts? Environment and Urbanization 7(1): 173-204.
27. Cinner, J. (2009) Poverty and the use of destructive fishing gear near east African marine protected areas. Environmental Conservation 36(4): 321-326.
28. Corbera, E., Kosoy, N. & Martínez Tuna, M. (2007) Equity implications of marketing ecosystem services in protected areas and rural communities: case studies from Meso-America. Global Environmental Change 17(3-4): 365-380.
29. Cornwall, A. & Jewkes, R. (1995) What is participatory research? Social Science and Medicine 41(12): 1667-1676.
30. Daw, T., Brown, K., Rosendo, S. & Pomeroy, R. (2011) Applying the ecosystem services concept to poverty alleviation: the need to disaggregate human well-being. Environmental Conservation 38(4): 370-379.
31. Dawson, T.P., Rounsevell, M.D., Kluvánková-Oravská, T., Chobotová, V. & Stirling, A. (2010) Dynamic properties of complex adaptive ecosystems: implications for the sustainability of service provision. Biodiversity and Conservation 19(10): 2843-2853.
32. Ellis, F. & Freeman, H.A. (2004) Rural livelihoods and poverty reduction strategies in four African countries. Journal of Development Studies 40(4): 1-30.
33. Fazey, I., Kesby, M., Evely, A., Latham, I., Wagatora, D., Hagasua, J.-E., Reed, M.S. & Christie, M. (2010) A three-tiered approach to participatory vulnerability assessment in the Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change 20(4): 713-728.
34. Fazey, I., Pettorelli, N., Kenter, J., Wagatora, D. & Schuett, D. (2011) Maladaptive trajectories of change in Makira, Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change 21(4): 1275-1289.
35. Filmer, D. & Pritchett, L.H. (2001) Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data, or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38(1): 115-132.
36. Fisher, M. (2004) Household welfare and forest dependence in Southern Malawi. Environment and Development Economics 9(2): 135-154.
37. Foale, S. & Manele, B. (2004) Social and political barriers to the use of marine protected areas for conservation and fishery management in Melanesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 45(3): 373-386.
38. Furusawa, T. & Ohtsuka, R. (2006) Inter-household variations in subsistence strategies within a rural society of Roviana, Solomon Islands: an analysis of agricultural production and cash income in relation to socio-demographic factors. Tropics 15(1): 29-37.
39. Gardner, T. (2010) Monitoring Forest Biodiversity: Improving Conservation Through Ecologically-Responsible Management. London, UK: Earthscan.
40. Garonna, I., Fazey, I., Brown, M. E. & Pettorelli, N. (2009) Rapid primary productivity changes in one of the last coastal rainforests: the case of Kahua, Solomon Islands. Environmental Conservation 36(3): 253-260.
41. Gibson, J. (2000) Who's not in school? Economic barriers to universal primary education in Papua New Guinea. Pacific Economic Bulletin 15(2): 46-58.
42. Gibson, J. (2006) Are there holes in the safety net?: Remittances and inter-household transfers in Pacific Island economies. Working paper no. 1, Pasifika Interactions Project, Institute of Policy Studies [www document]. URL http://igps.victoria.ac.nz/events/completed-activities/Pasifika%20project/Pasifika%20WP1.pdf
43. Glasse, R. M. (1959) Melanesia: social anthropology.: revenge and redress among the Huli: 1 a preliminary account. Mankind 5(7): 273-289.
44. Gönner, C., Haug, M., Cahyat, A., Wollenberg, E., de Jong, W., Limberg, G., Cronkleton, P., Moeliono, M. & Becker, M. (2007) Capturing nested spheres of poverty: a model for multidimensional poverty analysis and monitoring. In: CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 46, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jakarta, Indonesia.
45. Homewood, K. (2013) Monitoring and evaluating the socio-economic impacts of conservation projects on local communities. In: Biodiversity Monitoring and conservation: Bridging the Gaps Between Global Commitment and Local Action, ed. B. Collen, N. Pettorelli, J. Baillie & S. Durant, pp. 265-290. Cambridge, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
46. Hulme, D. & McKay, A. (2005) Identifying and measuring chronic poverty: beyond monetary measures. Indian Institute of Public Administration [www document]. URL http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/DOC19140.pdf
47. Hutton, J., Adams, W.M. & Murombedzi, J.C. (2005) Back to the barriers? Changing narratives in biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies 32: 341-370.
48. Iversen, V., Chhetry, B., Francis, P., Gurung, M., Kafle, G., Pain, A. & Seeley, J. (2006) High value forests, hidden economies and elite capture: Evidence from forest user groups in Nepal's Terai. Ecological Economics 58(1): 93-107.
49. Kaplan, R.S. & Norton, D.P. (2001) Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management: Part I. Accounting Horizons 15(1): 87-104.
50. Kenter, J.O., Hyde, T., Christie, M. & Fazey, I. (2011) The importance of deliberation in valuing ecosystem services in developing countries. Evidence from the Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change 21(2): 505-521.
51. Krishna, A. (2009) Subjective assessments, participatory methods, and poverty dynamics: the stages of progress method. In: Poverty Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. T. Addison, D. Hulme & R. Kanbur, pp. 183-201. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
52. Krishna, A. & Shrader, E. (1999) Social capital assessment tool. Paper prepared for the Conference on Social Capital and Poverty Reduction, The World Bank, Washington, DC, June 22-24, 1999 [www document]. URL http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOCIALCAPITAL/Resources/Social-Capital-Assessment-Tool-SOCAT-/sciwp22.pdf
53. Laderchi, C.R., Saith, R. & Stewart, F. (2003) Does it matter that we do not agree on the definition of poverty? A comparison of four approaches. Oxford Development Studies 31(3): 243-274.
54. Lawlor, K., Weinthal, E. & Olander, L. (2010) Institutions and policies to protect rural livelihoods in REDD+ regimes. Global Environmental Politics 10(4): 1-11.
55. Liverpool-Tasie, L.S.O. & Winter-Nelson, A. (2011) Asset versus consumption poverty and poverty dynamics in rural Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics 42(2): 221-233.
56. Lockwood, V.S. (2002) Poverty in paradise: Development and relative income poverty in rural Tahitian society. Human Organization 61(3): 210-225.
57. Macintyre, M. (2009) Police and thieves, gunmen and drunks: problems with men and problems with society in Papua New Guinea. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 19(2): 179-193.
58. Mataki, M. (2011) Solomon Islands National Assessment Report Rio + 20. Solomon Islands Government, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
59. McGee, R. & Brock, K. (2001) From poverty assessment to policy change: processes, actors and data. Working paper 133. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK [www document]. URL http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/Mis-SPC/R76132.pdf
60. McGregor, A. & Sumner, A. (2010) Beyond business as usual: what might3-d wellbeingcontributetoMDGmomentum?IDS Bulletin 41(1): 104-112.
61. McMurray, C., Foale, S., Roberts, P., Breen, B. & Cann-Evans, S. (2008) People's survey 2008. AusAID, Canberra, Australia.
62. Medeiros, M. & Costa, J. (2006) Poverty among women in Latin America: Feminization or over-representation? Working paper no. 20. United Nations Development Programme and International Poverty Centre [www document]. URL http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper20.pdf
63. Miles, W.F. (1997) Pigs, politics and social change in Vanuatu. Society and Animals 5(2): 155-167.
64. Miles, W.F. (1998) Tenure, promotion and pig-killing. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 30(5): 30-33.
65. Ministry of Environment Conservation and Meteorology (2008) Solomon Islands State of Environment Report Ministry of Environment Conservation and Meteorology, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
66. Moser, C. & Felton, A. (2009) The construction of an asset index. In: Poverty Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. T. Addison, D. Hulme & R. Kanbur, pp. 102-127. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
67. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., DaFonseca, G.A. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403(6772): 853-858.
68. Nanau, G. (2011) The wantok system as a socio-economic and political network in Melanesia. The Journal of Multicultural Society 2(1): 31-55.
69. Naughton-Treves, L. (2012) Participatory zoning to balance conservation and development in protected areas. In: Integrating Ecology and Poverty Reduction, ed. J.C. Ingram, F. DeClerck & C. Rumbaitis del Rio, pp. 235-251. New York, NY, USA: Springer.
70. Nielsen, M.R., Pouliot, M. & Kim Bakkegaard, R. (2012) Combining income and assets measures to include the transitory nature of poverty in assessments of forest dependence: evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ecological Economics 78: 37-46.
71. Perry, B. (2002) The mismatch between income measures and direct outcome measures of poverty. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand 19: 101-127.
72. R Core Team (2013) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
73. Rakodi, C. (2002) A livelihoods approach: conceptual issues and definitions. In: Urban Livelihoods: A People-Centred Approach to Reducing Poverty, ed. C. Rakodi & T. Lloyd, pp. 3-22. London, UK: Earthscan.
74. Reardon, T. & Vosti, S.A. (1995) Links between rural poverty and the environment in developing countries: asset categories and investment poverty. World Development 23(9): 1495-1506.
75. Rissman, A.R. (2011) Evaluating conservation effectiveness and adaptation in dynamic landscapes. Law and Contemporary Problems 74: 145.
76. Rodríguez-Pose, A. & Tselios, V. (2010) Inequalities in income and education and regional economic growth in western Europe. The Annals of Regional Science 44(2): 349-375.
77. Roscoe, P. (2000) New Guinea leadership as ethnographic analogy: a critical review. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7(2): 79-126.
78. Saito-Jenson, M., Nathan, I. & Treue, T. (2010) Beyond elite capture? Community-based natural resource management and power in Mohammed Nagar village, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Conservation 37(3): 327-335.
79. Sen, A. (1993) Capability and well-being. In: The Quality of Life, ed. M. Nussbaum & A. Sen, pp,. 30-53. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
80. Sommerville, M., Jones, J.P.G., Rahajaharison, M. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010) The role of fairness and benefit distribution in community-based payment for environmental services interventions: a case study from Menabe, Madagascar. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1262-1271.
81. UNICEF (2011) Children in the Solomon Islands 2011: an Atlas of Social Indicators. Suva, Fiji: United Nations Children's Fund.
82. Vyas, S. & Kumaranayake, L. (2006) Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy and Planning 21(6): 459.
83. Yemiru, T., Roos, A., Campbell, B. & Bohlin, F. (2010) Forest incomes and poverty alleviation under participatory forest management in the Bale Highlands, Southern Ethiopia. International Forestry Review 12(1): 66-77.