Direct visualization of solid electrolyte interphase formation in lithium-ion batteries with in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1029-1037

  Unocic, Raymond R ^a   Sun, Xiao Guang ^a   Sacci, Robert L ^a   Adamczyk, Leslie A ^a   Alsem, Daan Hein ^b   Dai, Sheng ^a   Dudney, Nancy J ^a   More, Karren L ^a  

^a OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Oak Ridge National Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

electrochemical liquid cell; in situ TEM; lithium ion batteries; solid electrolyte interphase

Indexed keywords

ELECTROLYTE; ION; LITHIUM;

CHEMISTRY; ENERGY RESOURCE; PROCEDURES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ELECTROLYTES; ENERGY-GENERATING RESOURCES; IONS; LITHIUM; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84908881337     PISSN: 14319276     EISSN: 14358115     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927614012744     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. ABELLAN, P., MEHDI, B.L., PARENT, L.R., GU, M., PARK, C., XU, W., ZHANG, Y., ARSLAN, I., ZHANG, J.-G., WANG, C.M., EVANS, J.E. & BROWNING, N.D. (2014). Probing the degradation mechanisms in electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Nano Lett 14(3), 1293-1299.
2. ALLIATA, D., KOTZ, R., NOVAK, P. & SIEGENTHALER, H. (2000). Electrochemical SPM investigation of the solid electrolyte interphase film formed on HOPG electrodes. Electrochem Commun 2, 436-440.
3. ARMAND, M. & TARASCON, J.-M. (2008). Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652-657.
4. AURBACH, D. (2003). Electrode-solution interactions in Li-ion batteries: A short summary and new insights. J Power Sources 119, 497-503.
5. AURBACH, D. & EIN-ELI, Y. (1995). The study of Li-graphite intercalation processes in several electrolyte systems using in situ X-ray diffraction. J Electrochem Soc 142(6), 1746-1752.
6. AURBACH, D., EIN-ELI, Y., CHUSID, O., CARMELI, Y., BABAI, M. & YAMIN, H. (1994a). The correlation between the surface-chemistry and the performance of Li-carbon intercalation anodes for rechargeable rocking-chair type batteries. J Electrochem Soc 141(3), 603-611.
7. AURBACH, D., MARKOVSKY, B., WEISSMAN, I., LEVI, E. & EIN-ELI, Y. (1999). On the correlation between surface chemistry and performance of graphite negative electrodes for Li ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 45(1-2), 67-86.
8. AURBACH, D., WEISSMAN, I., ZABAN, A. & CHUSID, O. (1994b). Correlation between surface chemistry, morphology, cycling efficiency, and interfacial properties of Li electrodes in solutions containing different salts. Electrochem Acta 39(1), 51-71.
9. AURBACH, D., ZINIGRAD, E., COHEN, Y. & TELLER, H. (2002). A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions. Solid State Ionics 148, 405-416.
10. BALBUENA, P.B. & WANG, Y., Eds. (2004). Lithium-Ion Batteries: Solid-Electrolyte Interphase. London: Imperial College Press.
11. BAR-TOW, D., PELED, E. & BURSTEIN, L. (1999). A study of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as a model for the graphite anode in Li-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 146(3), 824-832.
12. BRIDGES, C.A., SUN, X.-G., ZHAO, J., PARANTHAMAN, M.P. & DAI, S. (2012). In situ observation of solid electrolyte interphase formation in ordered mesoporous hard carbon by small-angle neutron scattering. J Phys Chem C 116, 7701-7711.
13. BROUSSLEY, M., BIENSEM, P., BONHOMME, F., BLANCHARD, P., HERREYRE, S., NECHEV, K. & STANIEWICZ, R.J. (2005). Main aging mechanisms in Li ion batteries. J Power Sources 146(1-2), 90-96.
14. CHEN, X., NOH, K.W., WEN, J.G. & DILLON, S.J. (2012). In situ electrochemical wet cell transmission electron microscopy characterization of solid-liquid interactions between Ni and aqueous NiCl2. Acta Materialia 60(1), 192-198.
15. DE JONGE, N., PECKYS, D.B., KREMERS, G.J. & PISTON, D.W. (2009). Electron microscopy of whole cells in liquid with nanometer resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(7), 2159-2164.
16. DE JONGE, N. & ROSS, F.M. (2011). Electron microscopy of specimens in liquid. Nat Nanotechnol 6, 695-704.
17. EVANS, J.E., JUNGJOHANN, K.L., BROWNING, N.D. & ARSLAN, I. (2011). Controlled growth of nanoparticles fromsolution with in situ liquid transmission electron microscopy. Nano Lett 11(7), 2809-2813.
18. FONG, R., SACKEN, U.V. & DAHN, J.R. (1990). Studies of lithium intercalation into carbons using nonaqueous electrochemical cells. J Electrochem Soc. 137, 2009-2013.
19. GOODENOUGH, J.B. & KIM, Y. (2010). Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries. Chem Mater Rev 22, 587-603.
20. GU, M., PARENT, L.R., MEHDI, B.L., UNOCIC, R.R., MCDOWELL, M.T., SACCI, R.L., XU, W., CONNEL, J.G., XU, P., ABELLAN, P., CHEN, X., ZHANG, Y., PEREA, D.E., LAUHON, L.J., ARSLAN, I., ZHANG, J.G., LIU, J., CUI, Y., BROWNING, N.D. & WANG, C.M. (2013). Demonstration of an electrochemical liquid cell for operando transmission electron microscopy observation of the lithiation/delithiation behavior of Si nanowire battery anodes. Nano Lett 13, 6106-6112.
21. HUANG, J.Y., ZHONG, L., WANG, C.M., SULLIVAN, J.P., XU, W., ZHANG, L.Q., MAO, S.X., HUDAK, N.S., LIU, X.H., SUBRAMANIAN, A., FAN, H., QI, L., KUSHIMA, A. & LI, J. (2010). In situ observation of the electrochemical lithiation of a single SnO nanowire electrode. Science 330, 1515-1520.
22. MARKOVSKY, B., RODKIN, A., COHEN, Y.S., PALCHIK, O., AURBACH, D., KIM, H.-J. & SCHMIDT, M. (2003). The study of capacity fading processes of Li-ion batteries: Major factors that play a role. J Power Sources 119-121, 504-510.
23. NOVAK, P., JOHO, F., LANZ, M., RYKART, B., PANITZ, J.-C., ALLIATA, D., KOTZ, R. & HASS, O. (2001). The complex electrochemistry of graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 97-98, 39-46.
24. OWEJAN, J.E., OWEJAN, J.P., DECALUWE, S.C. & DURA, J.A. (2012). Solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries: Evolving structures measured in situ by neutron reflectometry. Chem Mater 24(11), 2133-2140.
25. PELED, E. (1979). The electrochemical-behavior of alkali and alkaline-earth metals in non-aqueous battery systems-the solid electrolyte interphase model. J Electrochem Soc 126(12), 2047-2051.
26. PELED, E., GOLODNITSKY, D. & ARDEL, G. (1997). Advanced model for solid electrolyte interphase electrodes in liquid and polymer electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 144(8), L208-L210.
27. RADISIC, A., PHILIPPE, M., VEREECKEN, P.M., HANNON, J.B., SEARSON, P.C. & ROSS, F.M. (2006). Quantifying electrochemical nucleation and growth of nanoscale clusters using real-time kinetic data. Nano Lett 6(2), 238-242.
28. SACCI, R.L., DUDNEY, N.J., MORE, K.L., PARENT, L.R., ARSLAN, I., BROWNING, N.D. & UNOCIC, R.R. (2014). Direct visualization of initial SEI morphology and growth kinetics during lithium deposition by in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy. Chem Commun 50, 2104-2107.
29. TARASCON, J.-M. & ARMAND, M. (2001). Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414, 359-367.
30. TASAKI, K., GOLDBERG, A., LIAN, J.-J., WALKER, M., TIMMONS, A. & HARRIS, S.J. (2009). Solubility of lithium salts on the lithium-ion battery negative electrode surface in organic solvents. J Electrochem Soc 156(12), A1019-A1027.
31. VERMA, P., MAIRE, P. & NOVAK, P. (2010). A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55, 6332-6341.
32. WANG, C.M., XU, W., LIU, J., ZHANG, J.G., SARAF, L.V., AREY, B.W., CHOI, D., YANG, Z.G., XIAO, J., THEVUTHASAN, S. & BAER, D.R. (2011a). In situ transmission electron microscopy observation of microstructure and phase evolution in a SnO2 nanowire during lithium intercalation. Nano Lett 11, 1874-1880.
33. WANG, F., GRAETZ, J., MORENO, M.S., MA, C., WI, L., VOLKOV, V. & ZHU, Y. (2011b). Chemical distribution and bonding of lithium in intercalated graphite: Identification with optimized electron energy loss spectroscopy. ACS Nano 5(2), 1190-1197.
34. WHITE, E.R., SINGER, S.B., AUGUSTYN, V., HUBBARD, W.A., MECKLENBURG, M., DUNN, B. & REGAN, B.C. (2012). In situ transmission electron microscopy of lead dendrites and lead ions in aqueous solution. ACS Nano 6(7), 6308-6317.
35. WILLIAMSON, M.J., TROMP, R.M., VEREECKEN, P.M., HULL, R. & ROSS, F.M. (2003). Dynamic microscopy of nanoscale cluster growth at the solid-liquid interface. Nat Mater 2, 532-536.
36. XU, K. (2004). Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries. Chem Rev 104, 4303-4417.
37. ZHENG, H., SMITH, R.K., JUN, Y.-W., KISIELOWSKI, C., DAHMEN, U. & ALIVISATOS, A.P. (2009). Nanocrystal growth trajectories observation of single colloidal platinum. Science 324, 1309-1312.
38. ZENG, Z., LIANG, W.-I., LIAO, H.-G., XIN, H.L., CHU, Y.-H. & ZHENG, H. (2014). Visualization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces in LiPF 6/EC/DEC electrolyte for lithium ion batteries via in Situ TEM. Nano Lett 14(4), 1745-1750.