Reliability and validity evidence of multiple balance assessments in athletes with a concussion

Journal of Athletic Training

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 540-549

  Murray, Nicholas ^a   Salvatore, Anthony ^b   Powell, Douglas ^c   Reed Jones, Rebecca ^d  

^a GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO   (United States)

^c CAMPBELL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Balance error scoring system; Clinical test of sensory organization and balance; Romberg test; Sensitivity; Sensory organization test; Specificity; Wii fit

Indexed keywords

ATHLETE; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BRAIN CONCUSSION; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SPORT;

ATHLETES; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BRAIN CONCUSSION; HUMANS; POSTURAL BALANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SPORTS;

EID: 84908576592     PISSN: 10626050     EISSN: 1938162X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.32     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. McCrea M, Hammeke T, Olsen G, Leo P, Guskiewicz K. Unreported concussion in high school football players: Implications for prevention. Clin J Sport Med. 2004; 14 (1) : 13-17.
2. Gessel LM, Fields SK, Collins CL, Dick RW, Comstock RD. Concussions among United States high school and collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2007; 42 (4) : 495-503.
3. Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, et al. Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001: Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2002; 36 (1) : 6-10.
4. McCrory P, Johnston K, Meeuwisse W, et al. Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39 (4) : 196-204.
5. McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. J Sci Med Sport. 2013; 16 (3) : 178-189.
6. Guskiewicz KM. Balance assessment in the management of sportrelated concussion. Clin Sports Med. 2011; 30 (1) : 89-102, ix.
7. Guskiewicz KM, Mihalik JP, Shankar V, et al. Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: Relationship between head impact biomechanics and acute clinical outcome after concussion. Neurosurgery. 2007; 61 (6) : 1244-1252.
8. Marar M, McIlvain NM, Fields SK, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sports. Am J Sports Med. 2012; 40 (4) : 747-755.
9. Slobounov S, Slobounov E, Sebastianelli W, Cao C, Newell K. Differential rate of recovery in athletes after first and second concussion episodes. Neurosurgery. 2007; 61 (2) : 338-344.
10. Riemann BL, Guskiewicz KM. Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing. J Athl Train. 2000; 35 (1) : 19-25.
11. Guskiewicz KM, Ross SE, Marshall SW. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2001; 36 (3) : 263-273.
12. NCAA Publications. NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook. Updated 2010-2011. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2010.
13. Looney MA. Measurement issues in the clinical setting. In: Wood TM, Zhu W, eds. Measurement Theory and Practice in Kinesiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2006: 297-303.
14. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009; 62 (10) : E1-e34.
15. Bell DR, Guskiewicz KM, Clark MA, Padua DA. Systematic review of the Balance Error Scoring System. Sports Health. 2011; 3 (3) : 287-295.
16. Cavanaugh JT, Guskiewicz KM, Stergiou N. A nonlinear dynamic approach for evaluating postural control: New directions for the management of sport-related cerebral concussion. Sports Med (Auckland NZ) . 2005; 31 (11) : 935-950.
17. Clark RA, Bryant AL, Pua Y, McCrory P, Bennell K, Hunt M. Validity and reliability of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for assessment of standing balance. Gait Posture. 2010; 31 (3) : 307-310.
18. Ford-Smith CD, Wyman JF, Elswick RK Jr, Fernandez T, Newton RA. Test-retest reliability of the sensory organization test in noninstitutionalized older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 76 (1) : 77-81.
19. Guskiewicz KM, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Effect of mild head injury on postural stability in athletes. J Athl Train. 1996; 31 (4) : 300-306.
20. Holmes JD, Jenkins ME, Johnson AM, Hunt MA, Clark RA. Validity of the Nintendo Wiit balance board for the assessment of standing balance in Parkinson's disease. Clin Rehabil. 2013; 27 (4) : 361-366.
21. Ingersoll CD, Armstrong CW. The effects of closed-head injury on postural sway. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992; 24 (7) : 739-743.
22. Jacobson GP, McCaslin DL, Piker EG, Gruenwald J, Grantham S, Tegel L. Insensitivity of the "Romberg test of standing balance on firm and compliant support surfaces" to the results of caloric and VEMP tests. Ear Hear. 2011; 32 (6) : E1-e5.
23. Khasnis A, Gokula RM. Romberg's test. J Postgrad Med. 2003; 49 (2) : 169-172.
24. Lanska DJ, Goetz CG. Romberg's sign: Development, adoption, and adaptation in the 19th century. Neurology. 2000; 55 (8) : 1201-1206.
25. McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, et al. Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA. 2003; 290 (19) : 2556-2563.
26. Michalski A, Glazebrook CM, Martin AJ, et al. Assessment of the postural control strategies used to play two Wii Fit videogames. Gait Posture. 2012; 36 (3) : 449-453.
27. Reed-Jones RJ, Dorgo S, Hitchings MK, Bader JO. Wii Fit plus balance test scores for the assessment of balance and mobility in older adults. Gait Posture. 2012; 36 (3) : 430-433.
28. Shumway-Cook A, Horak FB. Assessing the influence of sensory interaction of balance: Suggestion from the field. Phys Ther. 1986; 66 (10) : 1548-1550.
29. Steffen T, Seney M. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism. Phys Ther. 2008; 88 (6) : 733-746.
30. Whitney SL, Poole JL, Cass SP. A review of balance instruments for older adults. Am J Occup Ther. 1998; 52 (8) : 666-671.
31. Wikstrom EA. Validity and reliability of Nintendo Wii Fit balance scores. J Athl Train. 2012; 47 (3) : 306-313.
32. Wrisley DM, Stephens MJ, Mosley S, Wojnowski A, Duffy J, Burkard R. Learning effects of repetitive administrations of the sensory organization test in healthy young adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007; 88 (8) : 1049-1054.
33. Yamada M, Aoyama T, Nakamura M, et al. The reliability and preliminary validity of game-based fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2011; 32 (3) : 188-194.
34. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM. Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2000: 810-814.
35. Howley ET, Thompson DL. Fitness Professional's Handbook. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2012.