"Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: A Clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1396-1409

  Magers, Martin J ^a   Kao, Chia Sui ^b   Cole, Cristina D ^b   Rice, Kevin R ^b   Foster, Richard S ^b   Einhorn, Lawrence H ^b   Ulbright, Thomas M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Immunohistochemistry; Malignant transformation; Prognosis; Somatic malignancy; Teratoma; Testicular germ cell tumor; Yolk sac tumor

Indexed keywords

TUMOR MARKER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BIOPSY; CANCER GRADING; CELL LINEAGE; CHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; TESTIS TUMOR; TIME; YOLK SAC TUMOR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BIOPSY; CELL LINEAGE; ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM GRADING; NEOPLASMS, GERM CELL AND EMBRYONAL; NEOPLASMS, GLANDULAR AND EPITHELIAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS; TIME FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84908554551     PISSN: 01475185     EISSN: 15320979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Melicow MM. Classification of tumors of testis: a clinical and pathological study based on 105 primary and 13 secondary cases in adults, and 3 primary and 4 secondary cases in children. J Urol. 1955;73:547-574.
2. Talerman A. Germ cell tumours. Ann Pathol. 1985;5:145-157.
3. Brown LM, Pottern LM, Hoover RN, et al. Testicular cancer in the United States: trends in incidence and mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 1986;15:164-170.
4. Wu X, Groves FD, McLaughlin CC, et al. Cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:309-320.
5. Raghavan D. Testicular cancer: maintaining the high cure rate. Oncology (Williston Park). 2003;17:218-228.
6. Ulbright TM, Loehrer PJ, Roth LM, et al. The development of nongerm cell malignancies within germ cell tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. Cancer. 1984;54:1824-1833.
7. Ahmed T, Bosl GJ, Hajdu SI. Teratoma with malignant transformation in germ cell tumors in men. Cancer. 1985;56:860-863.
8. Motzer RJ, Amsterdam A, Prieto V, et al. Teratoma with malignant transformation: diverse malignant histologies arising in men with germ cell tumors. J Urol. 1998;159:133-138.
9. Comiter CV, Kibel AS, Richie JP, et al. Prognostic features of teratomas with malignant transformation: a clinicopathological study of 21 cases. J Urol. 1998;159:859-863.
10. Lutke Holzik MF, Hoekstra HJ, Mulder NH, et al. Non-germ cell malignancy in residual or recurrent mass after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:131-135.
11. Malagon HD, Valdez AM, Moran CA, et al. Germ cell tumors with sarcomatous components: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 46 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1356-1362.
12. Guo CC, Punar M, Contreras AL, et al. Testicular germ cell tumors with sarcomatous components: an analysis of 33 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1173-1178.
13. Colecchia M, Necchi A, Paolini B, et al. Teratoma with somatictype malignant components in germ cell tumors of the testis: a clinicopathologic analysis of 40 cases with outcome correlation. Int J Surg Pathol. 2011;19:321-327.
14. Mikuz G, Colecchia M. Teratoma with somatic-type malignant components of the testis. A review and an update. Virchows Arch. 2012;461:27-32.
15. Woodward PJ, Heidenreich A, Looijenga LH, et al. Germ cell tumours. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA, eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004;221.
16. Bahrami A, Ro JY, Ayala AG. An overview of testicular germ cell tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:1267-1280.
17. Ulbright TM, Roth LM. Recent developments in the pathology of germ cell tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1987;4:304-319.
18. True LD, Otis CN, Delprado W, et al. Spermatocytic seminoma of testis with sarcomatous transformation. A report of five cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:75-82.
19. Michael H, Ulbright TM, Brodhecker CA. The pluripotential nature of the mesenchyme-like component of yolk sac tumor. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1989;113:1115-1119.
20. Ulbright TM, Michael H, Loehrer PJ, et al. Spindle cell tumors resected from male patients with germ cell tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Cancer. 1990;65:148-156.
21. Rice KR, Magers MJ, Beck S, et al. Aggressive surgical management of germ cell tumors with somatic-type malignancy: pathologic features, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:(suppl;abstract 4554).
22. Michael H, Hull MT, Ulbright TM, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors arising in testicular germ cell neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:896-904.
23. Michael H, Hull MT, Foster RS, et al. Nephroblastoma-like tumors in patients with testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998; 22:1107-1114.
24. Teilum G. Classification of endodermal sinus tumour (mesoblatoma vitellinum) and so-called "embryonal carcinoma" of the ovary. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965;64:407-429.
25. Ulbright TM, Roth LM, Brodhecker CA. Yolk sac differentiation in germ cell tumors. A morphologic study of 50 cases with emphasis on hepatic, enteric, and parietal yolk sac features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:151-164.
26. Michael H, Lucia J, Foster RS, et al. The pathology of late recurrence of testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000; 24:257-273.
27. Kim JY, Lee CH, Park WY, et al. Adenocarcinoma with sarcomatous dedifferentiation arising from mature cystic teratoma of the anterior mediastinum. Pathol Res Pract. 2012;208:741-745.
28. Nogales FF, Preda O, Nicolae A. Yolk sac tumours revisited. A review of their many faces and names. Histopathology. 2012;60: 1023-1033.
29. Zynger DL, Dimov ND, Luan C, et al. Glypican 3: a novel marker in testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:1570-1575.
30. Jacobsen GK, Jacobsen M. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in testicular germ cell tumours. A prospective immunohistochemical study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 1983;91:165-176.
31. Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA, Davis CJ Jr. Immunopathology of germ cell tumors of the testis. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1987;4:320-341.
32. Niehans GA, Manivel JC, Copland GT, et al. Immunohistochemistry of germ cell and trophoblastic neoplasms. Cancer. 1988;62: 1113-1123.
33. Damjanov I, Osborn M, Miettinen M. Keratin 7 is a marker for a subset of trophoblastic cells in human germ cell tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114:81-83.
34. Bing Z, Pasha T, Tomaszewski JE, et al. CDX2 expression in yolk sac component of testicular germ cell tumors. Int J Surg Pathol. 2009;17:373-377.
35. Martin E, Vanier M, Tavian M, et al. CDX2 in congenital gut gastric-type heteroplasia and intestinal-type Meckel diverticula. Pediatrics. 2010;126:e723-e727.
36. Ringel J, Lohr M. The MUC gene family: their role in diagnosis and early detection of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer. 2003;2:9.
37. Lau SK, Weiss LM, Chu PG. Differential expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in carcinomas of various sites: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122:61-69.
38. Zhang MQ, Lin F, Hui P, et al. Expression of mucins, SIMA, villin, and CDX2 in small-intestinal adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;128:808-816.
39. Ansari D, Urey C, Gundewar C, et al. Comparison of MUC4 expression in primary pancreatic cancer and paired lymph node metastases. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:1183-1187.
40. Bartman AE, Buisine MP, Aubert JP, et al. The MUC6 secretory mucin gene is expressed in a wide variety of epithelial tissues. J Pathol. 1998;186:398-405.
41. Spizzo G, Fong D, Wurm M, et al. EpCAM expression in primary tumour tissues and metastases: an immunohistochemical analysis. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64:415-420.
42. Latza U, Niedobitek G, Schwarting R, et al. Ber-EP4: new monoclonal antibody which distinguishes epithelia from mesothelial. J Clin Pathol. 1990;43:213-219.
43. Hyun TS, Barnes M, Tabatabai ZL. The diagnostic utility of D2-40, calretinin, CK5/6, desmin and MOC-31 in the differentiation of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma in pleural effusion cytology. Acta Cytol. 2012;56:527-532.
44. Katoh R, Kawaoi A, Miyagi E, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-1 in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic follicular thyroid cells examined by immunohistochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Mod Pathol. 2000;13:570-576.
45. Pelosi G, Fraggetta F, Pasini F, et al. Immunoreactivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 in stage I non-small cell carcinomas of the lung. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:363-372.
46. Camparo P, Comperat EM. SALL4 is a useful marker in the diagnostic work-up of germ cell tumors in extra-testicular locations. Virchows Arch. 2013;462:337-341.
47. Roma A, Varsegi M, Magi-Galluzzi C, et al. The distinction of bronchogenic cyst from metastatic testicular teratoma: a light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;130:265-273.
48. Kohashi K, Nakatsura T, Kinoshita Y, et al. Glypican 3 expression in tumors with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Hum Pathol. 2013;44:526-533.
49. Thway K, Selfe J, Missiaglia E, et al. Glypican-3 is expressed in rhabdomyosarcomas but not adult spindle cell and pleomorphic sarcomas. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64:587-591.
50. Miettinen M. Immunohistochemistry of soft tissue tumors-review with emphasis on ten markers. Histopathology. 2014;64:101-118.
51. Oguri H, Sumitomo R, Maeda N, et al. Primary yolk sac tumor concomitant with carcinosarcoma originating from the endometrium: case report. Gynecol Oncol. 2006;103:368-371.
52. Voutsadakis IA. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of uterine malignant mixed Mullerian tumours: the role of ubiquitin proteasome system and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Transl Oncol. 2012;14:243-253.
53. Yang J, Chai L, Fowles TC, et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals Sall4 to be a major regulator of pluripotency in murine-embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:19756-19761.
54. Cao D, Humphrey PA, Allan RW. SALL4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors. Cancer. 2009; 115:2640-2651.
55. Miettinen M, Wang Z, McCue PA, et al. SALL4 expression in germ cell and non-germ cell tumors: a systematic immunohistochemical study of 3215 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38:410-420.
56. Mead GM, Stenning SP, Parkinson MC, et al. The Second Medical Research Council study of prognostic factors in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:85-94.
57. Gonzalez-Vela JL, Savage PD, Manivel JC, et al. Poor prognosis of mediastinal germ cell cancers containing sarcomatous components. Cancer. 1990;66:1114-1116.
58. Kum JB, Ulbright TM, Williamson SR, et al. Molecular genetic evidence supporting the origin of somatic-type malignancy and teratoma from the same progenitor cell. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012; 36:1849-1856.