Authoritarianism and democracy in muslim countries: Rentier states and regional diffusion

Political Science Quarterly

Volumn 129, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 399-427

  Kuru, Ahmet T ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84908148387     PISSN: 00323195     EISSN: 1538165X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/polq.12215     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2013," accessed at http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Booklet.pdf, 1 October 2013.
2. Polity IV, "Country Reports 2010," accessed at http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity06.htm, 1 January 2012.
3. Hossein Mahdavy, "Patterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran," in M.A. Cook, ed., Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East: From the Rise of Islam to the Present Day (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970);
4. Hazem Beblawi and Giacomo Luciani, eds., The Rentier State (London: Croom Helm, 1987);
5. Lisa Anderson, "The State in the Middle East and North Africa," Comparative Politics 20 (October 1987): 1-18;
6. F. Gregory Gause III, Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1994), 42-84.
7. Michael L. Ross, "Does Oil Hinder Democracy?" World Politics 53 (April 2001): 325-361;
8. Michael L. Ross, The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012).
9. Jay Ulfelder, "Natural-Resource Wealth and the Survival of Autocracy," Comparative Political Studies 40 (August 2007): 995-1018;
10. Silje Aslaksen, "Oil and Democracy: More Than a Cross-country Correlation?" Journal of Peace Research 47 (July 2010): 421-431;
11. Kevin Tsui, "More Oil, Less Democracy: Evidence from Worldwide Crude Oil Discoveries," The Economic Journal 121 (March 2011): 89-115.
12. Michael Herb, "No Representation without Taxation? Rents, Development, and Democracy," Comparative Politics 37 (April 2005): 297-317;
13. Stephen Haber and Victor Menaldo, "Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse," American Political Science Review 105 (February 2011): 1-26;
14. Pauline Jones Luong and Erika Weinthal, Oil Is Not a Curse: Ownership Structure and Institutions in Soviet Successor States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010);
15. Mehmet Gürses, "Elites, Oil, and Democratization: A Survival Analysis," Social Science Quarterly 92 (March 2011): 164-184.
16. Charles Rowley and Nathanael Smith, "Islam's Democracy Paradox: Muslims Claim to Like Democracy, So Why Do They Have So Little?" Public Choice 139 (June 2009): 273-299;
17. Bernard Lewis, Faith and Power:Religion and Politics in the Middle East (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010);
18. M. Steven Fish, "Islam and Authoritarianism," World Politics 55 (October 2002): 4-37;
19. Alfred Stepan with Graeme B. Robertson, "An 'Arab' More than 'Muslim' Electoral Gap," Journal of Democracy 14 (July 2003): 30-44.
20. Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 72-76.
21. Eva Bellin, "Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring," Comparative Politics 44 (January 2012): 127-149, at 141.
22. Eva Bellin, "The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective," Comparative Politics 36 (January 2004): 139-157;
23. Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris, "The True Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Policy 135 (March/April 2003): 62-70, at 64;
24. M. Steven Fish, Are Muslims Distinctive? A Look at the Evidence (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 245.
25. Rowley and Smith, "Islam's Democracy Paradox," 298.
26. Rowley and Smith, "Islam's Democracy Paradox," 287.
27. Eric Chaney, "Democratic Change in the Arab World, Past and Present," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring 2012, 363-400.
28. Lewis, Faith and Power, 66.
29. Bernard Lewis, "Why Turkey is the only Muslim Democracy," Middle East Quarterly 1 (March 1994): 41-49, at 45.
30. For a critique, see Ahmet T. Kuru, "Assertive Secularism, Islam, and Democracy in Turkey," in Jeffrey T. Kenny and Ebrahim Moosa, eds., Islam in the Modern World (New York: Routledge, 2013).
31. Samuel P. Huntington, "Will More Countries Become Democratic?" Political Science Quarterly 99 (Summer 1984): 193-218, at 208.
32. Fish, Are Muslims Distinctive, 47.
33. Ahmet T. Kuru, Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 259.
34. Fish, "Islam and Authoritarianism," 31.
35. Michael L. Ross, "Oil, Islam, and Women," American Political Science Review 102 (February 2008): 107-123, at 107.
36. Alfred Stepan and Graeme B. Robertson, "Arab, Not Muslim, Exceptionalism," Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004): 140-146, at 142.
37. Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, "Modernization: Theories and Facts," World Politics 49 (January 1997): 155-183, at 167.
38. Hazem Beblawi, "The Rentier State in the Arab World," in Beblawi and Luciani, eds., The Rentier State, 62.
39. Ross, The Oil Curse, 336-337.
40. Luciani, "Allocation vs. Production," 70;
41. Herb, "No Representation," 299.
42. Ross, The Oil Curse, 21.
43. John Waterbury, "From Social Contracts to Extraction Contracts: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism and Democracy," in J. Paul Entelis, ed., Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa (Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1997), 151-155.
44. Luong and Weinthal, Oil Is Not a Curse, 332.
45. Herb, "No Representation," 303.
46. Ross, The Oil Curse, 9.
47. Ellis Goldberg, Erik Wibbels, and Eric Mvukiyehe, "Lessons from Strange Cases: Democracy, Development, and the Resource Curse in the U.S. States," Comparative Political Studies 41 (April/May 2008): 477-514.
48. "The Dutch Disease," The Economist, 26 November 1977, 82-83.
49. Ole Andreas Engen, Oluf Langhelle, and Reidar Bratvold, "Is Norway Really Norway?" in Brenda Shaffer and Taleh Ziyadov, eds., Beyond the Resource Curse (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 262.
50. Thad Dunning, Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 10-20.
51. Herb, "No Representation," 301-302, 306;
52. Haber and Menaldo, "Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism?" 11, 3.
53. John, O'Loughlin, Michael D. Ward, Corey L. Lofdahl, Jordin S. Cohen, David S. Brown, David Reilly, Kristian S. Gleditsch, and Michael Shin, "The Diffusion of Democracy, 1946-1994," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88 (December 1998): 545-574;
54. Jon C. Pevehouse, Democracy from Above:Regional Organizations and Democratization (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
55. Barbara Wejnert, "Diffusion, Development, and Democracy, 1800-1999," American Sociological Review 1 (February 2005): 53-81, at 54.
56. Kristian Skrede Gleditsch and Michael D. Ward, "Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization," International Organization 60 (October 2006): 911-933, at 916.
57. Ross, The Oil Curse, 83.
58. Daniel Treisman, "Is Russia Cursed by Oil?" Journal of International Affairs 63 (Spring/Summer 2010):85-102, at 85.
59. Jeffrey S. Kopstein and David A. Reilly, "Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist World," World Politics 53 (Fall 2000): 1-37, at 34.
60. Ibrahim Elbadawi, Samir Makdisi, and Gary Milante, "Explaining the Arab Democracy Deficit: The Role of Oil and Conflicts," in Ibrahim Elbadawi and Samir Makdisi, eds., Democracy in the Arab World: Explaining the Deficit (New York: Routledge, 2010).
61. Gleditsch and Ward, "Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization," 930.
62. William R. Thompson, "Democracy and Peace: Putting the Cart before the Horse?" International Organization 50 (January 1996): 141-174, at 147.
63. Etel Solingen, "Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle East," American Political Science Review 101 (November 2007): 757-780, at 761.
64. Bellin, "Reconsidering the Robustness," 144.
65. Gause, "Kings for All Seasons," 74.
66. Wittes, Freedom's Unsteady March, 41-47;
67. Christopher M. Davidson, After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies (New York: Oxford University Press), 111-117.
68. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010), chaps. 3 and 4.
69. Bellin, "The Robustness of Authoritarianism," 149;
70. Jason Brownlee, Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
71. Larry Diamond, "Why Are There No Arab Democracies?" Journal of Democracy 21 (January 2010):93-104, at 102.