SO2 measurements at a high altitude site in the central Himalayas: Role of regional transport

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 99, Issue , 2014, Pages 392-402

  Naja, Manish ^a   Mallik, Chinmay ^b   Sarangi, Tapaswini ^a   Sheel, Varun ^b   Lal, Shyam ^b  

^a ARYABHATTA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OBSERVATIONAL SCIENCES ARIES   (India)

^b PHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (India)

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Free troposphere; NOy; Sulfur dioxide; Transport

Indexed keywords

SULFUR DIOXIDE;

FREE TROPOSPHERE; HIGH ALTITUDE SITES; HIMALAYAS; REGIONAL TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT;

BOUNDARY LAYERS;

COAL; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AIR MASS; ALTITUDE; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BOUNDARY LAYER; NITROGEN OXIDES; POINT SOURCE POLLUTION; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TROPOSPHERE;

ALTITUDE; ARTICLE; CLIMATE; INDIA; MEASUREMENT; NIGHT; PAKISTAN; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERE; WIND; WINTER;

GANGETIC PLAIN; HIMALAYAS; INDIA; NAINITAL; PAKISTAN; UTTARAKHAND;

EID: 84908001597     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.031     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Adhikary B., Carmichael G.R., Tang Y., Leung L.R., Qian Y., Schauer J.J., Stone E.A., Ramanathan V., Ramana M.V. Characterization of the seasonal cycle of south Asian aerosols: a regional-scale modeling analysis. J.Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D22S22. 10.1029/2006JD008143.
2. Andreae M.O., Merlet P. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2001, 15(4):955-966.
3. Aneja V.P., Agarwal A., Roelle P.A., Phillips S.B., Tong Q., Watkins N., Yablonsky R. Measurements and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi, India. Environ. Int. 2001, 27:35-42.
4. Baker A.K., Schuck T.J., Brenninkmeijer C.A.M., Rauthe-Schöch A., Slemr F., van Velthoven P.F.J., Lelieveld J. Estimating the contribution of monsoon-related biogenic production to methane emissions from South Asia using CARIBIC observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L10813.
5. Biela B., Moore R., Benesch R., Talbert B., Jacksier T. The Do's and Don'ts in the Analysis of Sulfur for Polyolefin Producers. Gulf Coast Conference, Galveston Island, TX 2003 2003, paper 81.
6. Carmichael G.R., et al. Measurements of sulfur dioxide, ozone and ammonia concentrations in Asia, Africa, and South America using passive samplers. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37:1293-1308.
7. Clarisse L., Fromm M., Ngadi Y., Emmons L., Clerbaux C., Hurtmans D., Coheur P.F. Intercontinental transport of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide and other pollutants: an infrared remote sensing case study. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L19806. 10.1029/2011GL048976.
8. Clarisse L., Clerbaux C., Dentener F., Hurtmans D., Coheur P.F. Global ammonia observations derived from infrared satellite observations. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2:479-483. 10.1038/NGEO55.
9. 2 over Delhi. J.Atmos. Chem. 2011, 10.1007/s10874-011-9185-2.
10. Dey S., Tripathi S.N. Aerosol direct radiative effects over Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic Basin, northern India: Long-term (2001-2005) observations and implications to regional climate. J.Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D04212. 10.1029/2007JD009029.
11. Emmons L.K., Walters S., Hess P.G., Lamarque J.-F., Pfister G.G., Fillmore D., Granier C., Guenther A., Kinnison D., Laepple T., Orlando J., Tie X., Tyndall G., Wiedinmyer C., Baughcum S.L., Kloster S. Description and evaluation of the model for ozone and related chemical tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4). Geosci. Model. Dev. 2010, 3:43-67. 10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010.
12. Faloona I. Sulfur processing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer: a review and critical assessment of modeling uncertainties. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43:2841-2854.
13. Fishman J., Wozniak A.E., Creilson J.K. Global distribution of tropospheric ozone from satellite measurements using the empirically corrected tropospheric ozone residual technique; identification of the regional aspects of air pollution. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2003, 3:893-907. 10.5194/acp-3-893-2003.
14. Forster P., et al. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. IPCC 2007 2007.
15. x from biofuels in India. Tellus 2003, 55B:787-795.
16. x emissions for India: assessment of inventories and mitigation flexibility. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35:703-713.
17. Gautam R., Hsu N.C., Lau K., Tsay S.C., Kafatos M. Enhanced pre-monsoon warming over the Himalayan-Gangetic region from 1979 to 2007. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L007704.
18. Guttikunda S.K., et al. Sulfur deposition in Asia: seasonal behavior and contributions from various energy sectors. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2001, 131:336-406.
19. 2 using chemical ionization mass spectrometry during the MINATROC field campaign 2000 on Monte Cimone. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2003, 3:417-436.
20. Horowitz L., et al. Aglobal simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2. J.Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:4784. 10.1029/2002JD002853.
21. 2 plume transport over Japan: observations at the summit of Mt. Fuji from winter to summer. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40:7018-7033.
22. 2 concentration at the summit of Mt. Fuji and a comparison with other trace gases during winter. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D17304. 10.1029/2003JD004428.
23. y removal from the Cumberland power plant plume. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35:179-183.
24. Kar J., Jones D.B.A., Drummond J.R., Attie J.L., Liu J., Zou J., Nichitiu F., Seymour M.D., Edwards D.P., Deeter M.N., Gille J.C., Richter A. Measurement of low altitude CO over the Indian subcontinent by MOPITT. J.Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D16307. 10.1029/2007JD009362.
25. Kleissl J., Honrath R.E., Dziobak M.P., Tanner D., Val Martin M., Owen R.C., Helmig D. Occurrence of upslope flows at the Pico mountaintop observatory: a case study of orographic flows on a small, volcanic island. J.Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D10S35. 10.1029/2006JD007565.
26. 2 from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens. 2006, vol. 44(5):1259-1266. Special issue, AURA. 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861932.
27. Kumar M., Mallik C., Kumar A., Mahanti N.C., Shekh A.M. Evaluation of the boundary layer depth in semi-arid region of India. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean. 2010, 49:96-107.
28. Kumar R., Naja M., Venkataramani S., Wild O. Variations in surface ozone at Nainital: a high-altitude site in the central Himalayas. J.Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:D16302. 10.1029/2009JD013715.
29. Lal S., et al. Light non-methane hydrocarbons at two sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. J.Environ. Monit. 2012, 14:1159-1166.
30. Lawrence M.G., Lelieveld J. Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:11017-11096. 10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010.
31. 3 at Mt. Waliguan, China: results from 1997 to 2009. J.Environ. Sci. 2013, 25(4):726-734.
32. Luria M., Boatman J.F., Harris J., Ray J., Straub T., Chin J., Gunter R.L., Herbert G., Gerlach T.M., Van Valin C.C. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. J.Geophys. Res. 1992, 97(D5):6011-6012.
33. 2 emissions from Indian coal-fired power plants during 2005-2012. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47:13993-14000.
34. Lu Z., Zhang Q., Streets D.G. Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996-2010. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:9839-9864.
35. Y composition in Houston, Texas. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:4068-4080.
36. Mallik C., Lal S. Changing long-term trends in tropospheric temperature over two megacities in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Curr. Sci. 2011, 101(5):637-644.
37. 2 event observed over an urban site in western India. Asia-Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci. 2012, 48(2):171-180. 10.1007/s13143-012-0017-3.
38. 2 concentrations observed over Northern India: role of long-range transport. Int. J. Rem. Sens. 2013, 34(8):2749-2762. 10.1080/01431161.2012.750773.
39. Mallik C., Lal S., Venkataramani S., Naja M., Ojha N. Variability in ozone and its precursors over the Bay of Bengal during post-monsoon: transport and emission effects. J.Geophys. Res. 2013, 10.1002/jgrd.50764.
40. 2 and CO emissions in and around the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2013, 186(2):1295-1310.
41. 2, CO and light hydrocarbons over a megacity in Eastern India: effects of emissions and transport. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 2014, 21(14):8692-8706.
42. Martin A. Estimated washout coefficients for sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18:1955-1961.
43. 2 in the dry and wet season above a tropical forest in northern Thailand. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40:7557-7564.
44. Mohn J., Emmenegger L. Determination of Sulfur Doixide by Pulsed UV-fluorescence 2001, Swiss Federal Laboritories for Materials Testing & Research.
45. Naja M., Lal S. Surface ozone and precursor gases at Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E), a tropical rural site in India. J.Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D14):4197.
46. Ohara T., et al. An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980-2020. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7:4419-4444.
47. Olivier J.G.J., et al. Present and Future Surface Emissions of Atmospheric Compounds 2003, POET Rep 2, EU Prof. EVK2-1999-00011, European Union, Brussels.
48. Olivier J.G.J., Bouwman A.F., van der Maas C.W.M., et al. Description of EDGAR Version 2 1996, RIVM Report 771060002.
49. Pant P., Hegde P., Dumka U.C., Sagar R., Satheesh S.K., Moorthy K.K., Saha A., Srivastava M.K. Aerosol characteristics at a high-altitude location in central Himalayas: optical properties and radiative forcing. J.Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:D17206. 10.1029/2005JD006768.
50. Parrish D.D., Trainer M., Buhr M.P., Watkins B.A., Fehsenfeld F.C. Carbon monoxide concentrations and their relation to concentrations of total reactive oxidized nitrogen at two rural U. S. sites. J.Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:9309-9320.
51. 2 emissions around India's largest lignite based power plant. Adv. Geosci. 2010, 25:65-70.
52. Ramachandran S., Kedia S. Radiative effects of aerosols over Indo-Gangetic plain: environmental (urban vs. rural) and seasonal variations. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2012, 19(6):2159-2171. 10.1007/s11356-011-0715-x.
53. Ramanathan V., Ramana M.V. Persistent, widespread, and strongly absorbing haze over the Himalayan foothills and the Indo-Gangetic plains. Pure Appl. Geophys. 2005, 162:1609-1626.
54. Rengarajan R., Sarin M.M., Sudheer A.K. Carbonaceous and inorganic species in atmospheric aerosols during wintertime over urban and high-altitude sites in North India. J.Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D21307. 10.1029/2006JD008150.
55. y at a high-altitude regional representative site in the central Himalayas. J.Geophys. Res. 2014, 119:1592-1611. 10.1002/2013JD020631.
56. 2 over India with model simulations. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:3314-3321.
57. Streets D.G., et al. An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000. J.Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D21):8809. 10.1029/2002JD00309.
58. Tasdemir Y.S., Siddik Cindoruk S., Esen F. Monitoring of criteria air pollutants in bursa, Turkey. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2005, 110:227-241.
59. Tscherwenka, Seiberta P., Kasper A., Puxbaum H. On-line measurements of sulfur dioxide at the 3km level over central Europe (Sonnblick observatory, Austria) and statistical trajectory source analysis. Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32(23):3941-3952.
60. Tu F.H., Thornton D.C., Bandy A.R., Kim M.-S., Carmichael G., Tang Y., Thornhill L., Sachse G. Dynamics and transport of sulfur dioxide over the Yellow Sea during TRACE-P. J.Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D20):8790. 10.1029/2002JD003227.
61. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) List of Designated Reference and Equivalent Methods 2002, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/criteria.html.
62. Venkataraman C., Bharadwaj C., Patwardhan A. Anthropogenic sulphate aerosol from India: estimates of burden and direct radioative forcing. Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33:3225-3235.
63. Wang T., et al. Relationships of trace gases and aerosols and the emission characteristics at Lin'an, a rural site in eastern China, during spring 2001. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D19S05. 10.1029/2003JD004119.
64. 2 and indications of biomass burning observed at a rural site in eastern China. J.Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D12):4157.
65. Wang Y.Q., Zhang X.Y., Draxler R. TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data. Environ. Model. Softw. 2009, 24:938-939.
66. 2 columns from the Aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI): comparisons and limitations. J.Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D24S43. 10.1029/2007JD008825.
67. Zhang M., Uno I., Yoshida Y., Xu Y., Wang Z., Akimoto H., Bates T., Quinn T., Bandy A., Blomquist B. Transport and transformation of sulfur compounds over East Asia during the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia campaigns. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38:6947-6959.
68. Zhang Q., Streets D.G., Carmichael G.R., He K., Huo H., Kannari A., Klimont Z., Park I., Reddy S., Fu J.S., Chen D., Duan L., Lei Y., Wang L., Yao Z. Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2009, 9:4081-4139.