Large cutting tools in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, central China

Journal of Human Evolution

Volumn 76, Issue C, 2014, Pages 129-153

  Kuman, Kathleen ^a   Li, Chaorong ^b   Li, Hao ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b INSTITUTE OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEOANTHROPOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Acheulean; Asia; Cleavers; Early palaeolithic; Handaxes; Hominid dispersal

Indexed keywords

ACHEULEAN; ARCHAEOLOGY; ARTIFACT; HOMINID; PLEISTOCENE; TOOL USE;

CHINA; DAN RIVER; HAN RIVER [HUBEI-SHAANXI]; HENAN; HUBEI; QINLING MOUNTAINS;

GALIUM APARINE; HOMINIDAE;

ARCHEOLOGY; CHINA; CHRONOLOGY; NOMENCLATURE; TOOL USE;

ARCHAEOLOGY; CHINA; CHRONOLOGY AS TOPIC; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC; TOOL USE BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84907779214     PISSN: 00472484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (146)

1. Asfaw B., Beyene Y., Suwa G., Walter R.C., White T.D., Wolde-Gabriel G., Yemane T. The earliest Acheulean from Konso-Gardula. Nature 1992, 360:732-734.
2. Atlas of China 2007, SinoMaps Press, Beijing.
3. Bae C.J. The late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record of eastern Asia: synthesis and review. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol 2010, 53:75-93.
4. Bar Yosef O., Belfer-Cohen A. Following Pleistocene road signs of human dispersals across Eurasia. Quatern. Int. 2013, 285:30-43.
5. Bar Yosef O., Wang Y. Paleolithic archaeology in China. A.Rev. Anthropol. 2012, 41:319-335.
6. Bar Yosef O., Eren M.I., Yuan J., Cohen D.J., Li Y. Were bamboo tools made in prehistoric Southeast Asia? An experimental view from South China. Quatern. Int. 2012, 269:9-21.
7. Beyene Y., Katoh S., WoldeGabriel G., Hart W.K., Uto K., Sudo M., Kondo M., Hyodo M., Renee P.R., Suwa G., Asfaw B. The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, 110(5):1584-1591.
8. Braun D.R., Norton C.J., Harris J.W.K. Africa and Asia: comparisons of the earliest archaeological evidence. Asian Paleoanthropology, From Africa to China and Beyond 2010, 41-48. Springer, New York. C.J. Norton, D.R. Braun (Eds.).
9. Brumm A. The Movius line and the bamboo hypothesis: early hominin stone technology in Southeast Asia. Lithic Technol. 2010, 35:7-24.
10. Chen Q., Chen X., Fang Q. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Shuiniuwa Paleolithic site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Regions. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2014, 33(1):27-38. (in Chinese with English abstract).
11. Chen T.M., Yang Q., Hu Y.Q., Li T.Y. ESR dating on the stratigraphy of Yunxian Homo erectus, Hubei, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 1996, 15(2):114-118. (in Chinese).
12. Chen T.M., Yang Q., Hu Y.Q., Bao W.B., Li T.Y. ESR dating of tooth enamel from Yuxian Homo erectus site, China. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 1997, 16:455-458.
13. Clark J.D., Kleindienst M.R. The Stone Age cultural sequence: terminology, typology and raw material. Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume III, The Earlier Cultures: Middle and Earlier Stone Age 2001, 34-65. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J.D. Clark (Ed.).
14. Cooke C.K. Re-appraisal of the industry hitherto named the Proto-Stillbay. Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1966, 2(22):1-11.
15. Cooke C.K. The Early Stone Age in Rhodesia: a review of the written evidence and a discussion on its validity following on the findings of the Wenner Gren Symposium No. 29 at Burg Wartenstein 1965. Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 1968, 3(39):1-12.
16. Corvinus G. Homo erectus in East and Southeast Asia and the questions of the age of the species and its association with stone artifacts, with special attention to handaxe-like tools. Quatern. Int. 2004, 117:141-151.
17. Debénath A., Dibble H.L. Handbook of Paleolithic Typology, Volume 1: Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Europe. Philadelphia University Museum 1994, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania.
18. de la Torre I. Technological strategies in the Lower Pleistocene at Peninj (West of Lake Natron, Tanzania). The Cutting Edge: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins 2009, 93-113. Stone Age Institute Press, Gosport. K. Schick, N. Toth (Eds.).
19. de la Torre I. The Early Stone Age lithic assemblages of Gadeb (Ethiopia) and the Developed Oldowan/early Acheulean in East Africa. J.Hum. Evol. 2011, 60:768-812.
20. de la Torre I., Mora R. Technological Strategies in the Lower Pleistocene at Olduvai Beds I and II. Études et Recherches archéologique de l'University de Liège 2005.
21. de la Torre I., Mora R., Martinez-Moreno J. The early Acheulean in Peninj (Lake Natron, Tanzania). J.Anthropol. Archaeol. 2008, 27:244-264.
22. Le Site de L'Homme de Yunxian 2008, CNRS Editions, Paris. H. de Lumley, T. Li (Eds.).
23. Dennell R. The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia 2009, Cambridge University Press, New York.
24. Derevianko A.P. The bifacial technique in China. Archaeol. Ethnol. Anthropol. Eur. 2008, 33(1):2-32.
25. Dizon E.Z., Pawlik A.F. The lower Palaeolithic record in the Philippines. Quatern. Int. 2010, 223-224:444-450.
26. Échassoux A., Moigne A.-M., Moulle P.-É. Les faunes de grands mammifères du site de l'homme de Yunxian. Le Site de l'Homme de Yunxian 2008, CNRS Editions, Paris. H. de Lumley, L. Tianyuan (Eds.).
27. Etler D., Li T. New archaic human fossil discoveries in China and their bearing on hominid species definition during the Middle Pleistocene. Integrative Paths to the Past, Paleoanthropological Advances in Honor of F. Clark Howell 1994, 639-675. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. R.S. Corruccini, R.L. Ciochon (Eds.).
28. Fang Q., Chen Q., Lu Y. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Beitaishanmiao Paleolithic site 2 at Danjiangkou, Hubei province. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2012, 31(4):343-354. (in Chinese with English abstract).
29. Farndon J. The Practical Encyclopedia of Rocks and Minerals 2006, Lorenz Books, London.
30. Field A.S. An analytical and comparative study of the Earlier Stone Age archaeology of the Sterkfontein valley. M.Sc. Dissertation 1999, University of the Witwatersrand.
31. Gao X. Characteristics and significance of Paleolithic handaxes from China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2012, 31(2):97-112. (in Chinese with English abstract).
32. Gao X. Paleolithic cultures in China, uniqueness and divergence. Curr. Anthropol. 2013, 54(Supplement 8):S358-S370.
33. Gibbon R.J., Granger D.E., Kuman K., Partridge T.C. Early Acheulean technology in the Vaal River gravels, South Africa, dated with cosmogenic nuclides. J.Hum. Evol. 2009, 56:152-160.
34. Guo Y., Huang C.C., Pang J., Zha X., Hou Y., Zhang Y., Zhou L. Sedimentological study of the stratigraphy of the site of Homo erectus yunxianensis in the upper Hanjiang River valley, China. Quatern. Int. 2013, 300:75-82.
35. Hou Y., Potts R., Yuan B., Guo Z., Deino A., Wang W., Clark J., Xie G., Huang W. Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean-like stone technology of the Bose Basin, South China. Science 2000, 287:1622-1626.
36. Huang P.H., Li W.S. Landscape, Quaternary strata and buried environment at estuary of the Quyuan River in Yunxian county, Hubei province. Jianghan Archaeol. 1995, 4:3-86. (in Chinese).
37. Bose Paleolithic Industry 2003, Cultural Relics Press, Beijing, (in Chinese with English summary). Q. Huang, G. Xie, Q. Lin (Eds.).
38. Huang S., Wang W., Bae C.J., Xu G., Liu K. Recent Paleolithic field investigations in Bose Basin (Guangxi, China). Quatern. Int. 2012, 281:5-9.
39. Huang W. Bifaces in China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 1987, 6(1):61-68. (in Chinese with English abstract).
40. Huang W., Zhang P. Le context géologique des industries lithiques à bifaces en Chine. L'Anthropologie 2010, 114:519-524.
41. Huang W., He N., Sagawa M. Comparative Studies on Handaxes Found at the Bose Sites in Guangxi, China 2001, Tohoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan.
42. Huang W., Hou Y., Seong H. The pebble-tool tradition in China. Archaeol. Ethnol. Anthropol. Eur. 2005, 1(21):2-15.
43. Huang W., Hou Y., Gao L. 'Western elements' in the Chinese Paleolithic as viewed in a framework of early human cultural evolution. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2009, 28(1):16-25. (in Chinese with English abstract).
44. Isaac G. Olorgesailie 1977, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
45. Jiang F., Wu X., Xiao H. Age of the vermiculated red soil in Kiujiang area, central China. J.Geomech. 1997, 3(4):27-32.
46. Jones P.R. Experimental butchery with modern stone tools and its relevance for Palaeolithic Archaeology. World Archaeol. 1980, 12(2):153-165.
47. Jones P.R. Results of experimental work in relation to the stone industries of Olduvai Gorge. Olduvai Gorge, Volume 5. Excavations in Beds III, IV and the Masek Beds, 1968-1971 1994, 254-298. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.D. Leakey, D.A. Roe (Eds.).
48. Klein R.G. The Earlier Stone Age of southern Africa. S.Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 2000, 55:107-122.
49. Kleindienst M.R. Component of the East African Acheulian assemblage: An analytic approach. Actes du IV Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire et de ĺEtude du Quaternaire, Leopoldville, 1959 1962, 81-108. Belgie Annalen, Musée Royal de ĺAfrique Centrale, Tervuren. G. Mortelmans, J. Nenquin (Eds.).
50. Kuman K. The archaeology of Sterkfontein: past and present. J.Hum. Evol. 1994, 27:471-495.
51. Kuman K. The earliest South African industries. Early Human Behavior in Global Context: The Rise and Diversity of the Lower Palaeolithic Record 1998, 151-186. Routledge Press, London. M. Petraglia, R. Korisettar (Eds.).
52. Kuman K. The Acheulean industrial complex. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology 2014, 7-18. Springer, New York. C. Smith (Ed.).
53. Kuman K., Le Baron J.C., Gibbon R.J. Earlier Stone Age archaeology of the Vhembe-Dongola National Park (South Africa) and vicinity. Quatern. Int. 2005, 129:23-32.
54. Leader G.M. The early Acheulean in the Vaal River basin, Rietputs Formation, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. M.Sc. Dissertation 2009, University of the Witwatersrand.
55. Leader G.M. New excavations at Canteen Kopje, Northern Cape Province, South Africa: a technological comparison of three earlier Acheulean assemblages with new interpretations on the Victoria West phenomenon. Ph.D. thesis 2013, University of the Witwatersrand.
56. Leakey M.D. Olduvai Gorge, Volume 3 1971, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
57. Leng J. Early Paleolithic Technology in Eastern and Southern Asia. British Archaeological Reports International Series 924 2001, Archaeopress, Oxford.
58. Leng J., Shannon C.L. Rethinking Early Paleolithic typologies in China and India. J.East Asian Archaeol. 2000, 2:1-2.
59. Lepre C.J., Roche H., Kent D.V., Harmand S., Quinn R.L., Brugal J.-P., Texier P.-J., Lenoble A., Feibel C.S. An earlier origin for the Acheulian. Nature 2011, 477:82-85.
60. Li C., Feng X., Li H. Astudy of the stone artifacts discovered in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area in 1994. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2009, 28(4):337-354. (in Chinese with English abstract).
61. Li H., Li C., Feng X. Astudy on the stone artifacts from 2004 field investigation in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, Hubei and Henan, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2012, 31(2):113-126. (in Chinese with English abstract).
62. Li H., Li C., Kuman K. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Guochachang II Paleolithic site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir region, Hubei Province, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2013, 32(2):144-155. (in Chinese with English abstract).
63. Li H., Li C., Kuman K. Cleavers retrieved from the field investigations in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, Central China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2014, 33(2):162-176. (in Chinese with English abstract).
64. Li H., Li C., Kuman K. Rethinking the "Acheulean" in East Asia: Evidence from recent investigations in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, central China. Quatern. Int. 2014, (In press).
65. Li H., Li C., Kuman K., Cheng J., Yao H., Li Z. The Middle Pleistocene handaxe site of Shuangshu in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, central China. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, (In press).
66. Li T., Etler D. New Pleistocene hominid crania from Yunxian in China. Nature 1992, 357:404-407.
67. Li T., Feng X.B. Yunxian Man 2001, Hubei Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, (in Chinese).
68. Li T., Wang Z.H., Li W.S., Feng X.B., Hu K., Liu W.C. Investigation and the trial excavation of Quyuanhekou site in Yunxian, Hubei province. Jianghan Archaeol 1991, 2:1-14. (in Chinese with English abstract).
69. Lin Q. Apreliminary report on excavations at the Poxiling Paleolithic site in Tiandong county, Guangxi. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2002, 21(1):59-64. (in Chinese with English abstract).
70. Lin S. Restudy of the nine hand-axe specimens and the applicability of Movius theory. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 1994, 13(3):189-208. (in Chinese with English abstract).
71. Liu C., Xu X., Yuan B., Deng C. Magnetostratigraphy of the Qiliting section (SE China) and its implication for geochronology of the red soil sequences in southern China. Geophys. J. Int. 2008, 174:107-117.
72. Liu T. Loess and the Environment 1985, Science Press, Beijing, (in Chinese).
73. Liu Y., Feng X.B. Handaxes of 100-50 ka B.P. found in Yunxian County, Hubei. Weekly of Chinese Cultural Relics, 3rd of January, 8 2014, (in Chinese).
74. Lu H., Zhang H.Y., Wang S.J., Richard C., Zhao C.F., Thomas S., Zhao J. Apreliminary survey on loess deposit in Eastern Qinling Mountains (Central China) and its implication for estimating age of the Pleistocene lithic artifacts. Quatern. Sci. 2007, 27(4):559-567. (in Chinese with English abstract).
75. Lu H., Sun X., Wang S., Cosgrove R., Zhang H., Yi S., Ma X., Wei M., Yang Z. Ages for hominin occupation in Lushi Basin, middle of South Luo River, central China. J.Hum. Evol. 2011, 60(5):612-617.
76. Lu H., Zhang H., Wang S., Cosgrove R., Xun X., Zhao J., Sun D., Zhao C., Shen C., Wei M. Multiphase timing of hominin occupations and the paleoenvironment in Luonan Basin, Central China. Quatern. Res. 2011, 76:142-147.
77. Lu H., Zhang H.Y., Sun X.F., Wang S.J., Richard C., Shen C., Zhang W.C., Zhang X.B., Wang X.Y., Yi S.W., Ma X.L., Wei M. Landform, loess deposit and paleoenrivonmental changes in the South Luohe River (Central China) during the hominin occupations. Quatern. Sci. 2012, 32(2):167-177. (in Chinese with English abstract).
78. Lu N., Huang W., Yin S., Hou Y. Anew study on the Paleolithic materials from Liangshan site. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2006, 25(2):143-152. (in Chinese with English abstract).
79. Lycett S.J. Why is there a lack of Mode 3 Levallois technologies in East Asia? A phylogenetic test of the Movius-Schick hypothesis. J.Anthropol. Archaeol. 2007, 26:541-575.
80. Lycett S.J., Bae C.J. The Movius Line controversy: the stage of the debate. World Archaeol. 2010, 42(4):521-544.
81. Lycett S.J., Norton C.J. Ademographic model for Palaeolithic technological evolution: the case of East Asia and the Movius Line. Quatern. Int. 2010, 211:55-65.
82. Marshak S. Essentials of Geology 2013, W. W. Norton and Company, New York. 4th Ed.
83. Marshall G.D., Gamble C.G., Roe D.A., Dupplaw D. Acheulian biface database 2002, Available at:, Archaeology Data Service, York. http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/bifaces/bf_query.cfm.
84. McNabb J. The ESA stone tool assemblage from the Cave of Hearths, Bed 1-3. The Cave of Hearths: Makapan Middle Pleistocene Research Project 2009, 75-104. Archaeopress, Southampton. J. McNabb, A. Sinclair (Eds.).
85. McNabb J., Binyon F., Hazelwood L. The large cutting tools from the South African Acheulean and the question of social traditions. Curr. Anthropol. 2004, 45(5):653-676.
86. McPherron S.P. Handaxes as a measure of the mental capabilities of early hominids. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2000, 27:655-663.
87. Moncel M.-H. Oldest human expansions in Eurasia: favouring and limiting factors. Quatern. Int. 2010, 223-224:1-9.
88. Movius H.L. Early man and Pleistocene stratigraphy in southern and eastern Asia. Papers of the Peabody museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Volume 19, No. 3 1944, Harvard University, Boston, Mass., USA.
89. Movius H.L. The Lower Paleolithic cultures of southern and eastern Asia. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1948, 38:329-420.
90. Niu D., Pei S., Yi M., Ma N. The lithic assemblage from the Jiawan Paleolithic Locality 1 in the Danjingkou Reservoir Region. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2014, 33(2):149-161.
91. Norton C.J., Bae K.D. The Movius Line sensu lato (Norton etal., 2006) further assessed and defined. J.Hum. Evol. 2009, 57:331-334.
92. Norton C.J., Bae K., Harris J.W.K., Lee H. Middle Pleistocene handaxes from the Korean Peninsula. J.Hum. Evol. 2006, 51:527-537.
93. Norton C.J., Jin C., Wang Y., Zhang Y. Rethinking the Palearctic-Oriental biogeographic boundary in Quaterny China. Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond 2010, 81-100. Springer, New York. C.J. Norton, D.R. Braun (Eds.).
94. Pei S., Chen F., Zhang Y., Cao M., Huang X., Gao X. Preliminary report on the excavation of the Liuhuaishan Paleolithic site at Baise, South China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2007, 26(1):1-15. (in Chinese with English abstract).
95. Pei S., Guan Y., Gao W. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Pengjiahe Paleolithic site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir region. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2008, 27(2):95-110. (in Chinese with English abstract).
96. Pei W.C., Woo J.K., Chia L.P., Chow M.C., Liu H.T., Wang C.Y. Report on the Excavation of Palaeolithic Sites at Tingtsun, Hsiangfenhsien, Shansi Province, China 1958, Science Press, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
97. Pellant C. Rocks and Minerals 1992, Dorling Kindersley, London.
98. Petraglia M.D. The Early Paleolithic of the Indian subcontinent: hominin colonization, dispersals and occupation history. Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia 2010, 165-179. Springer, New York. J.G. Fleagle, J.J. Shea, F.E. Grine, A.L. Baden, R.E. Leakey (Eds.).
99. Petraglia M.D., Shipton C. Large cutting tool variation west and east of the Movius Line. J.Hum. Evol. 2008, 55:962-966.
100. Pope G. Recent advances in far eastern paleoanthropology. A.Rev. Anthropol. 1988, 17:43-77.
101. Pope G., Keates S. The evolution of human cognition and cultural capacity: a view from the Far East. Integrative Paths to the Past: Paleoanthropological Advances in Honor of F. Clark Howell 1994, 531-568. Prentice Hall, New York. R. Corruccini, R. Ciochon (Eds.).
102. Porat N., Chazan M., Grün R., Aubert M., Eisenmann V., Horwitz L.K. New radiometric ages for the Fauresmith industry from Kathu Pan, southern Africa: implications for the Earlier to Middle Stone Age transition. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37(2):269-283.
103. Potts R., Behrensmeyer A.K., Ditchfield P. Paleolandscape variation and Early Pleistocene hominid activities: Member 1 and 7, Olorgesailie Formation, Kenya. J.Hum. Evol. 1999, 37:747-788.
104. Roe D.A. British Lower and Middle Paleolithic handaxe groups. Proc. Prehist. Soc. 1968, 34:1-82.
105. Roe D.A. Ametrical analysis of selected sets of handaxes and cleavers from Olduvai Gorge. Olduvai Gorge, Voume 5. Excavations in Beds III, IV and the Masek Beds, 1968-1971 1994, 146-234. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.D. Leakey, D.A. Roe (Eds.).
106. Roe D.A. The Kalambo Falls large cutting tools: A comparative metrical and statistical analysis. Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume III 2001, 600-604. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J.D. Clark (Ed.).
107. Schick K.D. The Movius Line reconsidered. Perspectives on the Earlier Paleolithic of Eastern Asia. Integrative Paths to the Past 1994, 569-596. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. R. Corruccini, R. Ciochon (Eds.).
108. 10Be burial dating. Nature 2009, 458:198-200.
109. Shipton C., Petraglia M.D. Inter-continental Variation in Acheulean Bifaces. Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond 2010, 49-55. Springer, New York. C.J. Norton, D.R. Braun (Eds.).
110. Shipton C., Clarkson C., Pal J.N., Jones S.C., Roberts R.G., Harris C., Gupta M.C., Ditchfield P.W., Petraglia M.D. Generativity, hierarchical action and recursion in the technology of the Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic transition: a perspective from Patpara, the Son Valley, India. J.Hum. Evol. 2013, 65:93-108.
111. Simanjuntak T., Semah F., Gaillard C. The Palaeolithic in Indonesia: nature and chronology. Quatern. Int. 2010, 223-224:418-421.
112. Sun X., Lu H., Wang S., Yi S. Ages of Liangshan Paleolithic sites in Hanzhong Basin, central China. Quatern. Geochronol. 2012, 10:380-386.
113. Szabo B.J., McKinney C., Dalbey T.S., Paddayya K. On the Age of the Acheulian Culture of the Hunsgi-Baichbal Valleys, Peninsular India. Bul. Dec. Col. Res. Inst. 1990, 50:317-321.
114. Toth N., Schick K. Early stone industries and inferences regarding language and cognition. Tools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution 1993, 346-362. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. K. Gibson, T. Ingold (Eds.).
115. Toth N., Schick K. The importance of actualistic studies in Early Stone Age research: some personal reflections. The Cutting Edge: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins 2009, 267-344. Stone Age Institute Press, Gosport. K. Schick, N. Toth (Eds.).
116. Vialet A., Guipert G., He J., Feng X., Lu Z., Wang Y., Li T., de Lumley M.-A., de Lumley H. Homo erectus from the Yunxian and Nankin Chinese sites: anthropological insights using 3D virtual imaging techniques. C.R. Palevol 2010, 9:331-339.
117. Wang S. Perspectives on Hominid Behaviour and Settlement Patterns, a study of the Lower Palaeolithic sites in the Luonan Basin, China. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1406 2005, Archaeopress, Oxford.
118. Wang S. Cleavers collected from the open-air sites in Luonan Basin, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2006, 25(4):332-342. (in Chinese with English abstract).
119. Wang S. Knives collected from the open-air sites in Luonan Basin, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2007, 26(1):27-33. (in Chinese with English abstract).
120. Wang S. Huashilang, Volume I: The Palaeoloithic Open-Air Sites in the Luonan Basin, China 2007, Science Press, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
121. Wang S., Huang P.H. Stratigraphy and TL dating of Paleolithic sites in the Luonan Basin, Southern Shaanxi, China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2001, 20(3):229-237. (in Chinese with English abstract).
122. Wang S., Lu H., Zhang H., Sun X., Yi S., Chen Y., Zhang G., Xing L., Sun W. Newly discovered Palaeolithic artefacts from loess deposits and their ages in Lantian, central China. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2014, 59(7):651-661.
123. Wang W., Mo J., Huang Z. Recent discovery of handaxes associated with tektites in the Nanbanshan locality of the Damei site, Bose basin, Guangxi, South China. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2008, 53:878-883. (in Chinese).
124. Wang W., Lycett S.J., von Cramon-Traubadel N., Jin J.J.H., Bae C.J. Comparison of handaxes from Bose Basin (China) and the Western Acheulean indicates convergence of form, not cognitive differences. PLoS One 2012, 7:1-7.
125. Wang W., Bae C.J., Huang S., Huang X., Tian F., Mo J., Huang Z., Huang C., Xie S., Li D. Middle Pleistocene bifaces from Fengshudao (Bose Basin, Guangxi, China). J.Hum. Evol. 2014, 69:110-122.
126. Wilkins J., Chazan M. Blade production ~500 thousand years ago at Kathu Pan 1, South Africa: support for a multiple origins hypothesis for early Middle Pleistocene blade technologies. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39:1883-1900.
127. Wilkins J., Pollarolo L., Kuman K. Prepared core reduction at the site of Kudu Koppie in northern South Africa: temporal patterns across the Earlier and Middle Stone Age boundary. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37:1279-1292.
128. Wu Z. On the origin of modern humans in China. Quatern. Int. 2004, 117:131-140.
129. Xie G., Bodin É. Les industries Paléolithiques du basin de Bose (Chine du Sud). L'Anthropologie 2007, 111:182-206.
130. Xie G., Lin Q. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Shangsong site. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2008, 27(1):13-22. (in Chinese with English abstract).
131. Xu G., Wang W., Bae C.J., Huang S., Mo Z. Spatial distribution of Paleolithic sites in Bose Basin, Guangxi, China. Quatern. Int. 2012, 281:10-13.
132. Xue X., Zhang Y., Bi Y., Yue L., Chen D. The development and environmental changes of the intermontane basins in the eastern part of Qinling Mountains 1996, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
133. Xue X., Li H., Li Y., Liu H. The new data of the uplifting of Qinling Mountains since the Middle Pleistocene. Quatern. Sci. 2004, 24(1):82-87. (in Chinese with English abstract).
134. Yan G.L. Apreliminary study on magnetic stratigraphy of the geological section with the fossil bed of Yunxian Homo of Hubei. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences 1993, 18(2):221-226. (in Chinese with English abstract).
135. Yang H., Zhao Q., Li X., Xi Y. ESR dating of eolian sediment and red earth series from Xuancheng profile in Anhui Province. Acta Pedologica Sinica 1996, 33(3):293-300. (in Chinese with English abstract).
136. Yang S.X., Huang W.W., Hou Y.M., Yuan B.Y. Is the Dingcun lithic assemblage a "chopper chopping tool industry or Late Acheulean"?. Quatern. Int. 2014, 321:3-11.
137. Yin Q.Z., Guo Z.T. Mid-Pleistocene vermiculated red soils in Southern China and the unusually strengthened monsoon in East Asia. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2006, 51(2):186-193. (in Chinese).
138. Yin Q., Guo Z., Fang X. Micromorphology of latosols in Hainan and differences between vemiculated red soils and latosols in environmental significance in South China. Acta Pedologica Sinica 2006, 43(3):353-361. (in Chinese with English abstract).
139. Yuan B., Xia Z., Li B., Qiao Y., Gu Z., Zhang J., Xu B., Huang W., Zeng R. Chronostratigraphy and stratigraphic division of red soil in Southern China. Quatern. Sci. 2008, 28(1):1-12. (in Chinese with English abstract).
140. Yuan J., Wu C., Hou Y., Xie G., Wang W. Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of tongue-shaped edge of Bose heavy-duty tools. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2008, 27(2):111-119. (in Chinese with English abstract).
141. Zhang H., Lu H., Jiang S., Vandenberghe J., Wang S., Cosgrove R. Provenance of loess deposits in the Eastern Qinling mountains (central China) and their implications for the paleoenvironment. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 2012, 43:94-102.
142. Zhang P., Wang W. Technology and typology of handaxes of stone artifacts at Fengshudao of Baise. Guangxi. Guizhou Sci. 2010, 28(3):1-15. (in Chinese).
143. Zhang P., Huang W., Wang W. Acheulean handaxes from Fengshudao, Bose sites of South China. Quatern. Int. 2010, 223-224:440-443.
144. Zhou L., Derbyshire E. Atribute to Professor Liu Tungshen. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 2008, 27:1472-1474.
145. Zhou Z., Wang C., Gao X. Apreliminary report on the excavation of the Beitaishanmiao Paleolithic site at Danjiangkou, south China. Acta Anthropol. Sinica 2009, 28(3):246-261. (in Chinese with English abstract).
146. Zhu Z.D. The valley form of the Upper Han River, from Pai-Ho to Tan-Chiang-Kou. Acta Geogr. Sinica 1955, 21(3):259-271. (in Chinese with English abstract).