Ultra-large nonlinear parameter in graphene-silicon waveguide structures

Optics Express

Volumn 22, Issue 19, 2014, Pages 22820-22830

  Donnelly, Christine ^a   Tan, Dawn T H ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE POLARIZATION; GRAPHENE; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; SILICON ON INSULATOR TECHNOLOGY; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE PLASMONS;

DIELECTRIC-LOADED SURFACE PLASMON POLARITON WAVEGUIDES; INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; NON-LINEAR PARAMETERS; NONLINEAR INTEGRATED OPTICS; NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS; PLASMONIC WAVEGUIDES; SILICON ON INSULATOR WAVEGUIDE; THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE;

NONLINEAR OPTICS;

GRAPHITE; SILICON;

CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LIGHT; OPTICS; PHOTON; RADIATION SCATTERING; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE;

EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GRAPHITE; LIGHT; OPTICS AND PHOTONICS; PHOTONS; SCATTERING, RADIATION; SILICON; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE;

EID: 84907487553     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.022820     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, "Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene," Nature 438(7065), 197-200 (2005).
2. A. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, and C. N. Lau, "Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene," Nano Lett. 8(3), 902-907 (2008).
3. C. Lee, X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, and J. Hone, "Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene," Science 321(5887), 385-388 (2008).
4. T. Mueller, F. Xia, and P. Avouris, "Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications," Nat. Photonics 4(5), 297-301 (2010).
5. B. Y. Zhang, T. Liu, B. Meng, X. Li, G. Liang, X. Hu, and Q. J. Wang, "Broadband high photoresponse from pure monolayer graphene photodetector," Nat Commun. 4, 1811 (2013).
6. M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, "A graphene-based broadband optical modulator," Nature 474(7349), 64-67 (2011).
7. J. Gosciniak and D. T. H. Tan, "Graphene-based waveguide integrated dielectric-loaded plasmonic electroabsorption modulators," Nanotechnology 24(18), 185202 (2013).
8. J. Gosciniak and D. T. H. Tan, "Theoretical investigation of graphene-based photonic modulators," Sci Rep. 3, 1897 (2013).
9. S. A. Mikhailov, "Non-linear electromagnetic response of graphene," Europhys. Lett. 79(2), 27002 (2007).
10. S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, "Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects," J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
11. E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, "Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene," Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
12. H. Zhang, S. Virally, Q. Bao, L. K. Ping, S. Massar, N. Godbout, and P. Kockaert, "Z-scan measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of graphene," Opt. Lett. 37(11), 1856-1858 (2012).
13. T. Gu, N. Petrone, J. F. McMillan, A. Van Der Zande, M. Yu, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, J. Hone, and C. W. Wong, "Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics," Nat. Photonics 6(8), 554-559 (2012).
14. D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, P. C. Sun, and Y. Fainman, "Group velocity dispersion and self phase modulation in silicon nitride waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(6), 061101 (2010).
15. M. Ferrera, L. Razzari, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, Z. Yang, M. Liscidini, J. E. Sipe, S. Chu, B. E. Little, and D. J. Moss, "Low-power continuous-wave nonlinear optics in doped silica glass integrated waveguide structures," Nat. Photonics 2(12), 737-740 (2008).
16. A. C. Turner, M. A. Foster, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, "Ultra-low power parametric frequency conversion in a silicon microring resonator," Opt. Express 16(7), 4881-4887 (2008).
17. D. T. H. Tan, P. C. Sun, and Y. Fainman, "Monolithic nonlinear pulse compressor on a silicon chip," Nat Commun. 1(8), 116 (2010).
18. P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, "Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides," Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862-868 (2010).
19. D. T. H. Tan, "Optical pulse compression on a silicon chip - Effect of group velocity dispersion and free carriers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(21), 211112 (2012).
20. A. Blanco-Redondo, C. Husko, D. Eades, Y. Zhang, J. Li, T. F. Krauss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Observation of soliton compression in silicon photonic crystals," Nat Commun. 5, 3160 (2014).
21. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, 1995).
22. I. D. Rukhlenko, M. Premaratne, and G. P. Agrawal, "Effective mode area and its optimization in silicon-nanocrystal waveguides," Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2295-2297 (2012).
23. M. A. Foster, K. D. Moll, and A. L. Gaeta, "Optimal waveguide dimensions for nonlinear interactions," Opt. Express 12(13), 2880-2887 (2004).
24. H. Fukada, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. Takahashi, and S. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005).
25. H. Yamada, M. Shirane, T. Chu, H. Yokoyama, S. Ishida, and Y. Arakawa, "Nonlinear-optic silicon-nanowire waveguides," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 6541-6545 (2005).
26. E. Dulkeith, Y. A. Vlasov, X. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Self-phase-modulation in submicron silicon-on-insulator photonic wires," Opt. Express 14(12), 5524-5534 (2006).
27. M. Dinu, F. Quochi, and H. Garcia, "Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(18), 2954-2956 (2003).
28. H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 μm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(3), 416-418 (2002).
29. T. Wang, N. Venkatram, J. Gosciniak, Y. Cui, G. Qian, W. Ji, and D. T. H. Tan, "Multi-photon absorption and third-order nonlinearity in silicon at mid-infrared wavelengths," Opt. Express 21(26), 32192-32198 (2013).
30. S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, "New electromagnetic mode in graphene," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(1), 016803 (2007).
31. S. Hong, J. I. Dadap, N. Petrone, P. Yeh, J. Hone, and R. M. Osgood, "Optical third-harmonic generation in graphene," Phys. Rev. X 3, 021014 (2013).
32. M. L. Nesterov, J. Bravo-Abad, A. Y. Nikitin, F. J. García-Vidal, and L. Martin-Moreno, "Graphene supports the propagation of subwavelength optical soltions," Laser Photon. Rev. 7(2), L7-L11 (2013).
33. A. V. Gorbach, A. Marini, and D. V. Skryabin, "Graphene-clad tapered fiber: effective nonlinearity and propagation losses," Opt. Lett. 38(24), 5244-5247 (2013).
34. Y. Li, B. A. Malomed, J. Wu, W. Pang, S. Wang, and J. Zhou, "Quasi-compactons in inverted nonlinear photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. A 84(4), 043839 (2011).
35. M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441(7096), 960-963 (2006).
36. J. Cardenas, C. B. Poitras, J. T. Robinson, K. Preston, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, "Low loss etchless silicon photonic waveguides," Opt. Express 17(6), 4752-4757 (2009).
37. D. J. Moss, R. Morandotti, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, "New CMOS-compatible platforms based on silicon nitride and Hydex for nonlinear optics," Nature Photon. 7(8), 597-607 (2013).
38. X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Y. A. Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, "Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides," Nat. Photonics 4(8), 557-560 (2010).
39. H. Yang, X. Feng, Q. Wang, H. Huang, W. Chen, A. T. Wee, and W. Ji, "Giant Two-Photon Absorption in Bilayer Graphene," Nano Lett. 11(7), 2622-2627 (2011).
40. B. Corcoran, C. Monat, M. Pelusi, C. Grillet, T. P. White, L. O'Faolain, T. F. Krauss, B. J. Eggleton, and D. J. Moss, "Optical signal processing on a silicon chip at 640Gb/s using slow-light," Opt. Express 18(8), 7770-7781 (2010).
41. R. M. Osgood, Jr., N. C. Panoiu, J. I. Dadap, X. Liu, X. Chen, I.-W. Hsieh, E. Dulkeith, W. M. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires," Adv. Opt. Photon. 1(1), 162-235 (2009).