Detection thresholds in structural health monitoring

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Volumn 66, Issue , 2014, Pages 319-338

  Trifunac, M D ^a   Ebrahimian, M ^a  

^a University of Southern California   (United States)

Author keywords

Detection signal to noise ratio; Full scale testing of structures; Identification of earthquake damage; Structural health monitoring using wave propagation methods

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING; WAVE PROPAGATION; DAMAGE DETECTION; EARTHQUAKES; SIGNAL DETECTION; SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS; SOILS;

DETECTION SIGNAL; DETECTION THRESHOLD; EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES; FULL-SCALE STRUCTURES; FULL-SCALE TESTING; PERMANENT DEFORMATIONS; PROPAGATION METHOD; RESPONSE PARAMETERS; HEALTH MONITORING METHOD;

SOILS; STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING;

BUILDING; DEFORMATION; DETECTION METHOD; EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE; EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING; HEALTH MONITORING; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; VIBRATION; WAVE PROPAGATION; RESPONSE ANALYSIS;

EID: 84907378103     PISSN: 02677261     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.07.014     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. Aničić D., Fajfar P., Petrović, Szavits-Nossan A., Tomaževič M Zemljotresno Inženjerstvo (visokogradnja) 1990, Gradjevinska Knjiga, Beograd.
2. Applied Technology Council. Procedures for post-earthquake safety evaluation of buildings. Report ATC-20, Redwood City, CA; 1989.
3. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Prepared for the Federal Management Emergency Agency (FEMA) 2000, (FEMA Report 356), Federal Management Emergency Agency, Washington, DC.
4. Beck JL, May BS, Polidori DC. Determination of modal parameters from ambient vibration data for structural health monitoring. In: proceedings of the 1st world conference on structural control, 1994; vol. 2 (TA3): p. 3-12.
5. Beltrami E Mathematics for dynamic modeling 1987, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
6. Biot M.A. Vibrations of buildings during earthquake [Chapter II in Ph.D. thesis No. 259, entitled "Transient Oscillations in Elastic System"] 1932, Aeronautics Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
7. Biot M.S. Theory of elastic systems vibrating under transient impulse with an application to earthquake-proof buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1933, 19(2):262-268.
8. Biot M.A. Theory of vibration of buildings during earthquakes. Z Angew Mat Mech 1934, 14(4):213-223.
9. Biot M.A. A mechanical analyzer for the prediction of earthquake stresses. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1941, 31:151-171.
10. Biot M.A. Analytical and experimental methods in engineering seismology. ASCE Trans 1942, 108:365-408.
11. Blume, JA, Assoc.. Holiday Inn. Chapter 29 in "San Fernando, California Earthquake of February 9, 1971", vol. I, Part A, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C; 1973.
12. Bradford S.C., Clinton J.F., Favela J., Heaton T.H. Results of millikan library forced vibration testing 2004, (Technical report), California Institute of Technology, (EERL:EERL-2004-03).
13. Bradford S.C. Time-frequency analysis of systems with changing dynamic properties. Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, EERL 06-02 2006, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
14. Browning J.A., Li R.Y., Lynn A., Moehle J.P. Performance assessment for a reinforced concrete frame building. Earthq Spectra 2000, 16(3):541-555.
15. Carden EP, Fanning P Vibration based condition monitoring: a review. Struct Health Monit 2004, 3(4):355-377.
16. Carder DS Vibration observations, Chapter 5, in Earthquake Investigations in California 1934-1935. Coast and Geological Survey, Special Publication No. 201 1936, 49-106. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C.
17. Earthquake investigations in the Western United States 1931-1964 1964, U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, (Publication 41-2). D.S. Carder (Ed.).
18. Čaušević M. Mathematical modeling of reinforced concrete structures subjected to earthquakes 1988, (Publication no. JFP 519E), Univ. Duro Pucar Stari, Banja Luka, Yugoslavia.
19. Chang P.C., Flatau A., Liu S.C. Review paper: health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Struct Health Monit 2003, 2(3):257-267.
20. Clinton J.F., Bradford S.K., Heaton T.H., Favela J. The observed wander of the natural frequencies in a structure. Bull Seismol Soc Am 2006, 96(1):237-257.
21. Cloud, WK. Modification of seismic waves by a building. In: proceedings of the sixth european conference on earthquake engineering, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia; 1978. p. 289-95.
22. Crawford R., Ward H.S. Determination of the natural periods of building. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1964, 54(6A):1743-1756.
23. De la Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Almazan J.L. Three-dimensional inelastic response of an RC building during the Northridge earthquake. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 2001, 127:482-489.
24. Doebling S.W., Farrar C.R., Prime M.B., Shevitz D.W. Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: a literature review. Report LA-13070-MS 1996, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
25. Doebling SW, Farrar CR, Prime MB A summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods. Shock Vib Dig 1998, 30(2):91-105.
26. Duke C.M., Luco J.E., Carrireau A.R., Hradilek P.J., Lastrico R., Ostrom D. Strong earthquake motion and site conditions: hollywood. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1970, 60(4):1271-1289.
27. Ebrahimian M., Trifunac M.D. Fluctuations of system frequencies measured during ambient and hammer tests in Kaprielian Hall at University of Southern California. Report CE 13-01 2013, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
28. Ebrahimian M., Todorovska M.I. Wave propagation in a Timoshenko Beam Building Model. J Eng Mech 2014, 140(5):4010-4018.
29. Ebrahimian M, MI Todorovska. Structural system identification of buildings by a wave method based on a layered timoshenko beam model. In: proceedings of SPIE 9064, health monitoring of structural and biological systems. Tribikram Kundu, editor. 90641C, San Diego;2014b. 10.1117/12.2045219.
30. Fajfar P, Čaušević M, Jiang Y. Comparison of analytically and experimentally determined dynamic behavior of a multistory RC building. In: proceedings of the EUROBUIL 87, Dubrovnik; 1987. p. 134-9.
31. Farrar C.R., Worden K. An introduction to structural health monitoring. Phil Trans R Soc A 2007, 365:303-315.
32. Foutch D.A., Jennings P.C. A study of the apparent change in the foundation response of a nine-story reinforced concrete building. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1978, 68(1):219-229.
33. Foutch DA, Luco JE, Trifunac MD, Udwadia FE. Full-scale three-dimensional tests of structural deformations during forced excitation of a nine-story reinforced concrete building. In: proceedings of the U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, Ann Arbor, MI; 1975. p. 206-15.
34. Ghobarah A. On drift limits associated with different damage levels. In: proceedings of the international workshop on performance-based design, Bled, Slovenia; June 28-July 1, 2004. p. 321-32.
35. Gičev V. Investigation of soil-flexible foundation-structure interaction for incident plane SH waves [Ph.D. dissertation] 2005, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California Engineering, Los Angeles, California.
36. Gičev V., Trifunac M.D. Permanent deformations and strains in a shear building excited by a strong motion pulse. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2007, 27(8):774-792.
37. Gičev V., Trifunac M.D. Energy and power of nonlinear waves in a seven story reinforced concrete building. Indian Soc Earthq Technol J 2007, 44(1):305-323.
38. Gičev V, Trifunac MD Rotations in a shear beam model of a seven-story building caused by nonlinear waves during earthquake excitation. Struct Control Health Monit 2009, 16(4):460-482.
39. Gičev V., Trifunac M.D. Use of predetermined earthquake damage scenarios (PEDS) for structural repair. V. Gičev, Izgradnja 2012, 65(5-6):246-255. (2011).
40. Gičev V., Trifunac M.D. A note on predetermined earthquake damage scenarios for structural health monitoring. Struct Control Health Monit 2012, 19(8):746-757.
41. Gupta V.K., Trifunac M.D. A note on contributions of ground torsion to seismic response of symmetric multistoried buildings. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 1990, 10(3):27-40.
42. Herak M., Herak D. Continuous monitoring of dynamic parameters of the DGFSM building (Zagreb, Croatia). Bull Earthq Eng 2010, 8(3):657-669.
43. Housner G.W. Interaction of building and ground during an earthquake. Bull Seism Soc Am 1957, 47:179-186.
44. Islam, MS. Analysis of the response of an instrumented 7-story nonductile concrete frame building damaged during the Northridge earthquake. Professional paper 96-9, Los Angeles Tall Building Structural Design Council, 1996 Annual Meeting; 1996.
45. Ivanović S., Trifunac M.D. Ambient vibration survey of full scale structures using personal computers (with examples in Kaprielian Hall). Rep. No. 95-05 1995, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
46. Ivanović S., Trifunac M.D., Novikova E.I., Gladkov A.A., Todorovska M.I. Instrumented 7-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California: ambient vibration survey following the damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake 1999, (Rep. No. CE 99-03), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
47. Ivanović S., Trifunac M.D., Novikova E.I., Gladkov A.A., Todorovska M.I. Ambient vibration tests of a seven story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California, damaged by the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2000, 19(6):391-411.
48. Ivanović SS, Trifunac MD, Todorovska MI On identification of damage in structures via wave travel times. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strong-Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures 2001, 447-468. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Istanbul, Turkey. M. Erdik, M. Celebi, V. Mihailov, N. Apaydin (Eds.).
49. Jurukovski DV, Taškov LjA, Trajkovski VK.. Mathematical model formulation of a fourteen story rc building using strong motion records and parameter system identification. In: proceedings of the 8th world conference on earthquake engineering, San Francisco, IV; 1984. p. 615-9.
50. Kapitaniak T. Chaotic oscillations in mechanical systems 1991, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, U.K.
51. Kawakami H., Oyunchimeg M. Normalized input-output minimization analysis of wave propagation in buildings. Eng Struct 2003, 25(11):1429-1442.
52. Kawakami H., Oyunchimeg M. Wave propagation modeling analysis of earthquake records for buildings. J Asian Archit Build Eng 2004, 3(1):33-40.
53. Kohler M.D., Heaton T., Bradford S.C. Propagating waves in the steel, moment-frame factor building recorded during earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 2007, 97(4):1334-1345.
54. Kojić S., Trifunac M.D., Anderson J.C. A post-earthquake response analysis of the Imperial County Services building in El Centro. Report CE 84-02 1984, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
55. Kojić S., Trifunac M.D., Anderson J.C. Earthquake response of the imperial county services building in El Centro. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 1993, 13(4):47-72.
56. Kuroiwa J.H. Vibration test of a multistory building [Engineering thesis] 1967, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
57. Lee VW, Trifunac MD Automatic digitization and processing of accelerograms using PC 1990, (Report CE 90-03), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
58. Lee V.W., Trifunac M.D. Frequency dependent attenuation of strong earthquake ground motion in Yugoslavia. Eur Earthq Eng 1992, VI(1):3-13.
59. Lee V.W., Trifunac M.D. Empirical scaling of fourier amplitude spectra in former Yugoslavia. Eur Earthq Eng 1993, VII(2):47-61.
60. Li Y.R., Jirsa J.O. Nonlinear analyses of an instrumented structure damaged in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Earthq Spectra 1998, 14(2). (265N283).
61. Lighthill J Chaos: a historical perspective, in nonlinear dynamics and predictability of geophysical phenomena. Geophysical monograph 1994, 83:1-5. IUGG.
62. Liu S-C, Tomizuka M, Ulsoy G Strategic issues in sensors and smart structures. Struct Control Health Monit 2006, 13:946-957.
63. Luco JE, Trifunac MD, Udwadia FE. An experimental study of ground deformations caused by soil-structure interaction. In: proceedings of the U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, Ann Arbor, MI; 1975. p. 136-45.
64. Luco JE, Trifunac MD, Wong HL On the apparent change in the dynamic behavior of a nine-story reinforced concrete building. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1987, 77(6):1961-1983.
65. Luco JE, Wong H.L., Trifunac M.D. Soil-structure interaction effects on forced vibration tests. Technical Report 86-05 1986, University of Southern California, Department of Civil Engineering, Los Angeles, California.
66. Luco JE, Trifunac MD, Wong HL Isolation of soil-structure interaction effects by full-scale forced vibration tests. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 1988, 16:1-21.
67. Ma J, Pines DJ Damage detection in a building structure model under seismic excitation using dereverberated wave machines. Eng Struct 2003, 25:385-396.
68. Manić M. Prilog kon definiranje na empiriskite modeli za ocenka na Furievite spektri na zabrzuvanjeto na počvata so primena za teritorijata na balkanskiot region [Ph.D. dissertation] 2003, Institut za zemjotresno inženerstvo i inženerska seizmologija (IZIIS), Univerzitet "Sv. Kiril i Metodij", Skopje, Makedonija.
69. Mulhern M.R., Maley R.P. Building period measurements before, during and after the San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971 1973, vol. I, Part B:725-733. U.S. Depart. Of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
70. Papageorgiou A.S., Lin B.C. Analysis of recorded earthquake response and identification of a multi-story structure accounting for foundation interaction effects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1991, 10(1):55-64.
71. Pardoen GC Imperial county services building: ambient vibration test results 1979, (Report No. 79-14), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
72. Petrović B. Ispitivanje veza u sistemu IMS, Bilten IMS, Godina IX, Broj 1; 1982. p. 8-17.
73. Petrović B. Odabrana Poglavlja iz Zemljotresnog Gradjevinarstva (II izdanje), IRO Gradjevinska Knjiga, Beograd; 1989.
74. Petrovski J., Jurukovski D., Perčinkov S. Forced-Vibration Test of a 13 Story Building in Banja Luka, Constructed by the System IMS-Žeželj. Report DTL 3-75 1975, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, Univ. "Kiril and Metodij,", Skopje, Yugoslavia.
75. Rahmani M., Todorovska M.I. 1D system identification of buildings during earthquakes by seismic interferometry with waveform inversion of impulse responses - method and application to Millikan library. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2013, 47:157-174.
76. Rahmani M., Todorovska M.I. Structural health monitoring of a 54-story steel frame building using a wave method and earthquake records. Earthq Spectra 2013, (in press). 10.1193/112912EQS339M.
77. Rahmani M., Todorovska M.I. 1D System identification of a 54-story steel frame building by seismic interferometry. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 2013, 43:627-640.
78. Rahmani M, Ebrahimian M, Todorovska MI. A note on wave dispersion in high-rise buildings due to soil-structure interaction; Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 2014a, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2454.
79. Rahmani M, Ebrahimian M, Todorovska, MI. Automated time-velocity analysis for early earthquake damage detection in buildings: application to a damaged full-scale RC building and comparison with other methods; 2014b (submitted for publication).
80. Şafak E. Detection of seismic damage in multi-story buildings by using wave propagation analysis. In: proceedings of the sixth U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, EERI, Oakland, CA, 1998. Paper no. 171, p. 12.
81. Şafak E Wave propagation formulation of seismic response of multi-story buildings. J Struct Eng ASCE 1999, 125(4):426-437.
82. Sezawa K., Kanai K. Decay in the seismic vibration of a simple or tall structure by dissipation of their energy into the ground. Bull Earth Res Inst 1935, XIII, Part 3:681-697.
83. Sezawa K., Kanai K. Improved theory of energy dissipation in seismic vibrations on a structure. Bull Earth Res Inst 1936, XIV, Part 2:164-168.
84. Snieder R., Şafak E. Extracting the building response using interferometry: theory and applications to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California. Bull Seismol Soc Am 2006, 96(2):586-598.
85. Sohn H., Farrar C.R., Hemez F.M., Shunk D.D., Stinemates D.W., Nadler B.R. A review of the structural health monitoring literature: 1996-2001. Report LA-13976-MS 2003, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
86. Shioya K, Yamahara H. Study on filtering effect of foundation slab based on observational records. In: proceedings of the seventh world conference on earthquake engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, 1980; vol. 5: p. 181-8.
87. Taškov Lj, Krstevska L Dinamičko ispitivanje objekta BS-2 i BS-4 spratnosti P+12 Banja Luka, metodom ambijent vibracija, Institut za zemljotresno inženjerstvo i inženerska seizmologija, Univerzitet "Kiril i Metodij", Izveštaj IZIIS 83-86, Skopje, Macedonia; 1983.
88. Todorovska M.I. Seismic interferometry of a soil-structure interaction model with coupled horizontal and rocking response. Izgradnja 2008, 62(12):517-530.
89. Todorovska M.I. Soil-structure system identification of Millikan library N-S response during four earthquakes (1970-2002): what caused the observed wandering of its system frequencies?. Izgradnja 2008, 62(12):531-540.
90. Todorovska M.I. Seismic interferometry of a soil-structure interaction model with coupled horizontal and rocking response. Bull Seism Soc Am 2009, 99(2A):626-635.
91. Todorovska M.I., Al Rjoub Y Effects of rainfall on soil-structure system frequency: Examples based on poroelasticity and a comparison with full-scale measurements. Soil Dyn. Earthq Eng 2006, 26(6-7):708-717.
92. Todorovska M.I., Al Rjoub Y. Environmental effects on measured structural frequencies-model prediction of short-term shift during heavy rainfall and comparison with full-scale observations. Struct Control Health Monit 2014, (in press). 10.1002/stc.260.
93. Todorovska MI, Lee VW Seismic waves in buildings with shear walls or central core. J Eng Mech ASCE 1989, 115(12):2669-2686.
94. Todorovska M.I, Rahmani M. System identification of buildings by wave travel time analysis and layered shear beam models-spatial resolution and accuracy. Struct Control Health Monit 2013, 20:686-702.
95. Todorovska M.I, Trifunac M.D. Antiplane earthquake waves in long structures. J Eng Mech ASCE 1989, 115(12):2687-2708.
96. Todorovska M.I, Trifunac M.D. A note on the propagation of earthquake waves in buildings with soft first floor. J Eng Mech ASCE 1990, 116(4):892-900.
97. Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD. Structural health monitoring by detection of abrupt changes in response using wavelets: Application to a 6-story RC building damaged by an earthquake. In: proceedings of the 37th joint panel meeting on wind and seismic effects, Tsukuba, Japan, U.S.-Japan Natural Resources Program (UJNR); 16-21 May 2005.
98. Todorovska M.I., Trifunac M.D. Impulse Response Analysis of the Van Nuys 7-story Hotel during 11 earthquakes (1971-1994): one-dimensional wave propagation and inferences on global and local reduction of stiffness due to earthquake damage. Report CE 06-01 2006, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil_eng/Earthquake_eng/.
99. Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building I: the data and time-frequency analysis. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2007, 27(6):564-576.
100. Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD Impulse response analysis of the Van Nuys 7-storey hotel during 11 earthquakes and earthquake damage detection. Struct Control Health Monit 2008, 15(1):90-116. 10.1002/stc.208.
101. Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building III: analysis of wave travel times via impulse response functions. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2008, 21(5):387-404. 10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.07.001.
102. Todorovska, MI, Trifunac, MD. Damage detection in structures and early warning. In: proceedings of 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China; October 12-17, 2008c. Paper ID: S05-03-010.
103. Todorovska M.I., Trifunac M.D. Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building II: analysis of novelties via wavelets. Struct Control Health Monit 2010, 17(8):895-917.
104. Todorovska M.I., Lee V.W., Trifunac M.D. Investigation of earthquake response of long buildings. Report CE 88-02 1988, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
105. Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD, Hao TY.. Variations of apparent building frequencies-lessons from full-scale earthquake observations. In: proceedings of the first european conference on earthquake engineering and seismology (a joint event of the 13th ECEE & 30th General Assembly of the ESC), Geneva, Switzerland; 3-8 September 2006. Paper no. 1547.
106. Todorovska M.I., Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S. Wave propagation in a seven-story reinforced concrete building, Part I: Theoretical models. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2001, 21(3):211-223.
107. Todorovska M.I., Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S. Wave propagation in a seven-story reinforced concrete building, Part II: observed wave numbers. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2001, 21(3):225-236.
108. Trifunac M.D. Wind and microtremor induced vibrations of a 22-story steel frame building. Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, EERL 70-01 1970, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
109. Trifunac M.D. Ambient vibration test of a 39-strory steel frame building. Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory EERL 70-02 1970, 40. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
110. Trifunac M.D. Zero baseline correction of strong-motion accelerograms. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1971, 61(5):1201-1211.
111. Trifunac M.D. Comparison between ambient and forced vibration experiments. Int J Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 1972, 1(2):133-150.
112. Trifunac M.D. A note on correction of strong-motion accelerograms for instrument response. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1972, 62(1):401-409.
113. Trifunac M.D. A three-dimensional dislocation model for the San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1974, 64:149-172.
114. Trifunac M.D. Recording strong earthquake motion - instruments, recording strategies and data processing. Report CE 07-03 2007, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
115. Trifunac MD Full-scale experimental studies of soil-structure interaction. Izgradnja 2008, 62(12):491-516.
116. Trifunac M.D. 75th anniversary of strong motion observation - a historical review. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2009, 29(4):591-606.
117. Trifunac M.D., Hao T.Y. 7-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California: photographs of the damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake,. Report CE 01-05 2001, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
118. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S. Analysis of drifts in a seven-story reinforced concrete structure. Report CE 03-01 2003, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
119. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Northridge, California, earthquake of 1994: density of red-tagged buildings versus peak horizontal velocity and intensity of shaking. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1997, 16(3):209-222.
120. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Northridge, California, earthquake of 1994: density of pipe breaks and surface strains. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1997, 16(3):193-207.
121. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Damage distribution during the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake in relation to generalized categories of surficial geology. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1998, 17(4):238-252.
122. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Reduction of structural damage by nonlinear soil response. J Struct Eng, ASCE 1999, 125(1):89-97.
123. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Recording and interpreting earthquake response of full-scale structures. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strong-motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strong-motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures June 2-5; 1999, Kluwer. Academic Publ., Istanbul, Turkey, Kluwer. Academic Publ., Istanbul, Turkey. M. Erdik, M. Celebi, V. Mihailov, N. Apaydin (Eds.), M. Erdik, M. Celebi, V. Mihailov, N. Apaydin (Eds.).
124. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. A note on the useable dynamic range of accelerographs recording translation. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2001, 21(4):275-286.
125. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I. Evolution of accelerographs, data processing, strong motion arrays and amplitude and spatial resolution in recording strong earthquake motion. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2001, 21(6):537-555.
126. Trifunac MD, Hao TY, Todorovska MI Response of a 14-story reinforced concrete structure to nine earthquakes: 61 years of observation in the Hollywood Storage Building. Report CE 01-02 2001, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
127. Trifunac MD, Ivanović SS, Todorovska MI Seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California: STRONG-motion data recorded between 7 February 1971 and 9 December 1994, and description of damage following Northridge, 17 January 1994 earthquake. Rep. no. CE 99-02 1999, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
128. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorovska M.I. Ambient vibration tests of structures - a review. Bull Indian Soc Earthq Tech 2000, 37(4):165-197.
129. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorovska M.I. Apparent periods of a building I: Fourier analysis. J Struct Eng, ASCE 2001, 127(5):517-526.
130. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorovska M.I. Apparent periods of a building II: time-frequency analysis. J Struct Eng, ASCE 2001, 127(5):527-537.
131. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorosvka M.I. Wave propagation in a seven-story reinforced concrete building: III-damage detection via changes in wave numbers. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2003, 23(1):65-75.
132. Trifunac MD, Todorovska MI, Hao TY. Full-scale experimental studies of soil-structure interaction - a review. In: proceedings of the 2nd U.S.-Japan workshop on soil-structure interaction, Tsukuba City, Japan, March 6-8; 2001a (CD available from Building Research Institute of Japan, Tsukuba City, Japan).
133. Trifunac MD, Todorovska MI, Ivanović SS. A note on distribution of uncorrected peak ground accelerations during the Northridge, California, earthquake of 17 January, 1994. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1994, 13(3):187-196.
134. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I., Ivanović S.S. Peak velocities and peak surface strains during Northridge, California, Earthquake of 17 January 1994. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1996, 15(5):301-310.
135. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorovska M.I., Novikova E.I., Gladkov A.A. Experimental evidence for flexibility of a building foundation supported by concrete friction piles. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1999, 18(3):169-187.
136. Trifunac M.D., Ivanović S.S., Todorovska M.I., Novikova E.I., Gladkov A.P. Experimental evidence for flexibility of a building foundation supported by concrete friction piles. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1999, 18(3):169-187.
137. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I., Manić M.I., Bulajić B.D. Impulse response analysis of the borik-2 13 story residential building in banja luka during 20 earthquakes (1974-1986). Report CE 07-02 2007, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
138. Trifunac MD, Todorovska MI, Manić MI, Bulajić BD. Threshold changes in building frequencies of vibration associated with structural damage - study of full-scale observations in the Borik-2 Building in Former Yugoslavia. In: proceedings of 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, October 12-17, Beijing, China, Paper ID: S05-03-015; 2008.
139. Trifunac M.D., Todorovska M.I., Manić M.I., Bulajić B.D. Variability of the fixed-base and soil-structure system frequencies of a building - the case of Borik-2 building. Struct Control Health Monit 2010, 17(2):120-151.
140. Udwadia FE, MD Trifunac. Ambient vibration tests of full-scale structures. In: Proceedings of the Fifth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Italy, II; 1973. p. 1430-9.
141. Udwadia F.E., Trifunac M.D. Time and amplitude dependent response of structures. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 1974, 2:359-378.
142. Udwadia F.E., Jerath N. Time variations of structural properties during strong ground shaking. J Eng Mech Div ASCE 1980, 106(EM1):111-121.
143. Vojnović B. Sigurnost IMS skeletne konstrukcije pri neregularnim opterećenjima i gradenju. Bilten IMS, Godina IX, Broj 1982, 1:18-25.
144. Ward H.S., Crawford R. Wind induced vibrations and building modes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1966, 56(4):793-813.
145. Wald D.J., Heaton T.H., Hudnut K.W. The slip history of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake determined from strong motion, teleseismic, GPS and leveling data. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1996, 86(1B):S49-S70.
146. Wong H.L., Trifunac M.D., Westermo B.D. Effects of surface and subsurface irregularities on the amplitudes of monochromatic waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1977, 67(2):353-368. (15, 1977).
147. Wong H.L., Trifunac M.D., Luco J.E. A comparison of soil-structure interaction calculations with results of full-scale forced vibration tests. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 1988, 7(1):22-31.
148. Whitley JR, MorganJR, HallWJ, NewmarkNM. Base response arising from free-field motion. In: trans. 4th instructional conference of structural mechanics in reactor technology, K2/15; 1977. p. 1-10.