Offering lung cancer screening to high-risk medicare beneficiaries saves lives and is cost-effective: An actuarial analysis

American Health and Drug Benefits

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 272-281

  Pyenson, Bruce S ^a   Henschke, Claudia I ^b   Yankelevitz, David F ^b   Yip, Rowena ^b   Dec, Ellynne ^a  

^a MILLIMAN INC   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SCREENING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; FOLLOW UP; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE COST; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LUNG CANCER; LUNG NODULE; MASS SCREENING; MEDICAL FEE; MEDICARE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SMOKING CESSATION;

EID: 84907365648     PISSN: 19422962     EISSN: 19422970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. American Cancer Society. Lung cancer (non-small cell) overview. Revised April 30, 2014. www.cancer.org/Cancer/LungCancer-Non-SmallCell/OverviewGuide/ lung-cancer-non-small-cell-overview-key-statistics. Accessed June 6, 2014.
2. American Lung Association. Lung cancer fact sheet. www.lung.org/lung-disease/ lung-cancer/resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html#Mortality. Accessed July 21, 2014
3. American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about lung cancer? Revised February 11, 2014. www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-smallcell/detailedguide/smallcell- lung-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed June 17, 2014
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lung cancer risk by age. Updated July 22, 2013. www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/statistics/age.htm. Accessed July 30, 2014
5. Ma J, Ward EM, Smith R, Jemal A. Annual number of lung cancer deaths potentially avertable by screening in the United States. Cancer. 2013;119:1381-1385
6. US Preventive Services Task Force. USPSTF A and B recommendations. www. uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsabrecs.htm. Accessed July 17, 2014
7. US Preventive Services Task Force. AHRQ's support of the USPSTF. Fact sheet. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/bulletins/ahrqsupportfact.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2014
8. US Preventive Services Task Force. Grade definitions. May 2008. urlwww.uspreventive servicestaskforce.org/uspstf/grades.htm. Accessed July 29, 2014
9. Kauffman L. New analysis bolsters validity of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer. Radiol Bus J. May 30, 2013. www.imagingbiz.com/topics/business/new-analysisbolsters-validity-low-dose-ct-screening-lung-cancer. Accessed July 29, 2014
10. Humphrey L, Deffebach M, Pappas M, et al. Screening for lung cancer: systematic review to update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Evidence Synthesis No105. AHRQ Publication No. 13-05188-EF-1. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; July 2013. www.uspreventive servicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/lungcan/lungcanes103.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2014
11. Mulshine JL, Sullivan DC. Clinical practice. Lung cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2714-2720
12. Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, McCauley DI, et al; for the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators. Survival of patients with stage I lung cancer detected on CT screening. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1763-1771 Errata in: N Engl J Med. 2008;359:871-873; N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1862; and N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1875
13. Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al; for the National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:395-409
14. Henschke CI, McCauley DI, Yankelevitz DF, et al. Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and findings from baseline screening. Lancet. 1999;354:99-105
15. Sobue T, Moriyama N, Kaneko M, et al. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose helical computed tomography: Anti-Lung Cancer Association project. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:911-920
16. Sone S, Nakayama T, Honda T, et al. Long-term follow-up study of a population- based 1996-1998 mass screening programme for lung cancer using mobile lowdose spiral computed tomography. Lung Cancer. 2007;58:329-341
17. Veronesi G, Maisonneuve P, Rampinelli C, et al. Computed tomography screening for lung cancer: results of ten years of annual screening and validation of cosmos prediction model. Lung Cancer. 2013;82:426-430
18. Henschke CI. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program: enrollment and screening protocol. April 1, 2014. www.ielcap.org/sites/default/files/I-ELCAP%20 protocol-v21-3-1-14.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2014
19. Hanley JA, McGregor M, Liu Z, et al. Measuring the mortality impact of breast cancer screening. Can J Public Health. 2013;104:e437-e442
20. Miettinen OS, Henschke CI, Pasmantier MW, et al. Mammographic screening: no reliable supporting evidence? Lancet. 2002;359:404-405
21. Wang T, Nelson RA, Bogardus A, Grannis FW Jr. Five-year lung cancer survival: which advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer patients attain long-term survival? Cancer. 2010;116:1518-1525
22. Yankelevitz DF, Smith JP. Understanding the core result of the National Lung Screening Trial. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1460-1461. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1757
23. National Cancer Institute. Table 15.10: cancer of the lung and bronchus (invasive): SEER incidence and U.S. death rates, age-adjusted and age-specific rates, by race and sex. In: Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, et al, eds; National Cancer Institute. SEER cancer statistics review 1975-20072010. Revised January 7, 2011. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2007/results_merged/sect_15_lung_bronchus.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2014
24. Pyenson BS, Sander MS, Jiang Y, et al. An actuarial analysis shows that offering lung cancer screening as an insurance benefit would save lives at relatively low cost. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012;31:770-779
25. US Census Bureau. 2012 National population projections. Table 1: Projected population by single year of age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States: 2012 to 2060. Middle series. www.census.gov/population/projections/files/download ables/NP2012_D1.csv. Accessed July 31, 2014
26. International Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program: Pathology protocol. March 1, 2007. www.ielcap.org/sites/default/files/pathology_protocol.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2014
27. Carter D, Vazquez M, Flieder DB, et al; for the ELCAP, NY-ELCAP Investigators. Comparison of pathologic findings of baseline and annual repeat cancers diagnosed on CT screening. Lung Cancer. 2007;56:193-199
28. New York Early Lung Cancer Action Project Investigators, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, McCauley DI, et al. CT screening for lung cancer: diagnoses resulting from the New York Early Lung Cancer Action Project. Radiology. 2007;243:239-249
29. Henschke CI, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Smith JP; for the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators. Definition of a positive test result in computed tomography screening for lung cancer: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158: 246-252
30. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Physician fee schedule look-up tool. www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/PFSlookup/index.html. Accessed August 3, 2014
31. US Department of Health & Human Services. Percentage of adults who receive colorectal cancer screening as appropriate. http://healthmeasures.aspe.hhs.gov/ measure/25. Accessed August 3, 2014
32. National Cancer Institute. Review: summary staging. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/ss2k/staging/review.html. Accessed June 16, 2014
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lung cancer: what are the risk factors? Updated November 21, 2013. www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm. Accessed August 3, 2014
34. Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Yip R, et al; for the Writing Committee for the I-ELCAP Investigators. Lung cancers diagnosed at annual CT screening: volume doubling times. Radiology. 2012;263:578-583. Erratum in: Radiology. 2012;264:306
35. Goldberg SW, Mulshine JL, Hagstrom D, Pyenson BS. An actuarial approach to comparing early stage and late stage lung cancer mortality and survival. Popul Health Manag. 2010;13:33-46
36. Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Data book: health care spending and the Medicare program. June 2014. www.medpac.gov/documents/Jun14DataBookEntireReport.pdf. Accessed July 30, 2014
37. Gross CP, Long JB, Ross JS, et al. The cost of breast cancer screening in the Medicare population. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:220-226
38. Field JK, Smith RA, Aberle DR, et al; for the IASLC CT Screening Workshop 2011 Participants. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Computed Tomography Screening Workshop 2011 report. J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7:10-19
39. Yankelevitz DF, Reeves AP, Kostis WJ, et al. Small pulmonary nodules: volumetrically determined growth rates based on CT evaluation. Radiology. 2000;217:251-256
40. US Department of Health & Human Services. Medicare fraud & abuse: prevention, detection, and reporting. Fact sheet. November 2012. www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Fraud_and_Abuse.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2014
41. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. HCPCS quarterly update: other codes effective October 1, 2014. www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/HCPCSReleaseCodeSets/Downloads/Other-Codes-Effective-100114.zip. Accessed June 6, 2014
42. American College of Radiology. Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS). www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/LungRADS. Accessed June 6, 2014
43. Villanti AC, Jiang Y, Abrams DB, Pyenson BS. A cost-utility analysis of lung cancer screening and the additional benefits of incorporating smoking cessation interventions. PLoS One. 2013;8:e71379
44. Deppen SA, Grogan EL, Aldrich MC, Massion PP. Lung cancer screening and smoking cessation: a teachable moment? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:dju122
45. Tammemägi MC, Berg CD, Riley TL, et al. Impact of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:dju084
46. Actuarial Standards Board. Actuarial Standards of Practice No 23. Data quality. December 2004. Updated May 1, 2011. www.actuarialstandardsboard.org/pdf/asops/ asop023_141.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2014.