메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2014, Pages

Investigating differences across host species and scales to explain the distribution of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALLOPATRY; AMPHIBIA; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS; BULLFROG; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; LABORATORY INFECTION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; NATIVE SPECIES; NONHUMAN; POPULATION ABUNDANCE; POPULATION DENSITY; PREVALENCE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES; WETLAND; ZOOSPORE; ANIMAL; CHYTRIDIOMYCETES; MICROBIOLOGY; MYCOSIS; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOLOGY;

EID: 84907260818     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107441     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0034695526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife- Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health
    • Available: Accessed 2 March 2013
    • Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD (2000) Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife- Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health. Science (80-) 287: 443-449. Available: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.287. 5452.443. Accessed 2 March 2013.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , Issue.80 , pp. 443-449
    • Daszak, P.1    Cunningham, A.A.2    Hyatt, A.D.3
  • 2
    • 39749135587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trends in emerging infectious diseases
    • Available: Accessed 10 June 2011
    • Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, et al. (2008) Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451: 990-993. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288193. Accessed 10 June 2011.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 990-993
    • Jones, K.E.1    Patel, N.G.2    Levy, M.A.3    Storeygard, A.4    Balk, D.5
  • 3
    • 0022850148 scopus 로고
    • Parasites, disease and the structure of ecological communities
    • Available
    • Dobson AP, Hudson PJ (1986) Parasites, disease and the structure of ecological communities. Trends Ecol Evol 1: 11-15. Available:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227771.
    • (1986) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.1 , pp. 11-15
    • Dobson, A.P.1    Hudson, P.J.2
  • 4
    • 0037458040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of infectious disease: Effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk
    • Available
    • LoGiudice K, Ostfeld RS, Schmidt KA, Keesing F (2003) The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 567-571. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=141036&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 567-571
    • LoGiudice, K.1    Ostfeld, R.S.2    Schmidt, K.A.3    Keesing, F.4
  • 5
    • 33748654413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission
    • Available: Accessed 5 March 2013
    • Kilpatrick AM, Daszak P, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Kramer LD (2006) Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission. Proc Biol Sci 273: 2327-2333. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636093&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 5 March 2013.
    • (2006) Proc Biol Sci , vol.273 , pp. 2327-2333
    • Kilpatrick, A.M.1    Daszak, P.2    Jones, M.J.3    Marra, P.P.4    Kramer, L.D.5
  • 6
    • 59649111594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host selection by Culex pipiens mosquitoes and West Nile virus amplification
    • Available
    • Hamer GL, Kitron UD, Goldberg TL, Brawn JD, Loss SR, et al. (2009) Host selection by Culex pipiens mosquitoes and West Nile virus amplification. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 268-278. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19190226.
    • (2009) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.80 , pp. 268-278
    • Hamer, G.L.1    Kitron, U.D.2    Goldberg, T.L.3    Brawn, J.D.4    Loss, S.R.5
  • 8
    • 27844455994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence
    • Available: Accessed 24 May 2014
    • Lloyd-Smith JO, Schreiber SJ, Kopp PE, Getz WM (2005) Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence. Nature 438: 355-359. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16292310. Accessed 24 May 2014.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 355-359
    • Lloyd-Smith, J.O.1    Schreiber, S.J.2    Kopp, P.E.3    Getz, W.M.4
  • 9
    • 0032949482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians
    • Available: Accessed 23 March 2013
    • Longcore J, Pessier A, Nichols D (1999) Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91: 219-227. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3761366. Accessed 23 March 2013.
    • (1999) Mycologia , vol.91 , pp. 219-227
    • Longcore, J.1    Pessier, A.2    Nichols, D.3
  • 10
    • 70350514906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis, a cause of catastrophic amphibian declines
    • Available: Accessed March 2013
    • Voyles J, Young S, Berger L, Campbell C, Voyles WF, et al. (2009) Pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis, a cause of catastrophic amphibian declines. Science 326: 582-585. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900897. Accessed March 2013.
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 582-585
    • Voyles, J.1    Young, S.2    Berger, L.3    Campbell, C.4    Voyles, W.F.5
  • 11
    • 84858020997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reservoir species for the emerging Amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis thrives in a landscape decimated by disease
    • Available: Accessed 7 March 2013
    • Reeder NMM, Pessier AP, Vredenburg VT (2012) A reservoir species for the emerging Amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis thrives in a landscape decimated by disease. PLoS One 7: e33567. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3299797&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 7 March 2013.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e33567
    • Reeder, N.M.M.1    Pessier, A.P.2    Vredenburg, V.T.3
  • 12
    • 13144266734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America
    • Available: Accessed 7 May 2013
    • Berger L, Speare R, Daszak P, Green DE, Cunningham aa, et al. (1998) Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 9031-9036. Available: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.95.15.9031. Accessed 7 May 2013.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.95 , pp. 9031-9036
    • Berger, L.1    Speare, R.2    Daszak, P.3    Green, D.E.4    Cunningham, A.A.5
  • 13
    • 0037337826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious disease and amphibian population declines
    • Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD (2003) Infectious disease and amphibian population declines. Divers Distrib 9: 141-150.
    • (2003) Divers Distrib , vol.9 , pp. 141-150
    • Daszak, P.1    Cunningham, A.A.2    Hyatt, A.D.3
  • 14
    • 10444229677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of amphibians
    • Available: Accessed 6 February 2014
    • Daszak P, Strieby A, Cunningham AA, Longcore J, Brown CC, et al. (2004) Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of amphibians. Herpetol J 14: 201-207. Available: http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16329306. Accessed 6 February 2014.
    • (2004) Herpetol J , vol.14 , pp. 201-207
    • Daszak, P.1    Strieby, A.2    Cunningham, A.A.3    Longcore, J.4    Brown, C.C.5
  • 15
    • 70349534372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and amphibian chytridiomycosis in space, time, and host
    • Available: Accessed 2 March 2013
    • Fisher MC, Garner TWJ, Walker SF (2009) Global emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and amphibian chytridiomycosis in space, time, and host. Annu Rev Microbiol 63: 291-310. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19575560. Accessed 2 March 2013.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.63 , pp. 291-310
    • Fisher, M.C.1    Garner, T.W.J.2    Walker, S.F.3
  • 16
    • 74049157816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology and impact of chytridiomycosis: An emerging disease of amphibians
    • Available: Accessed 27 June 2011
    • Kilpatrick AM, Briggs CJ, Daszak P (2010) The ecology and impact of chytridiomycosis: an emerging disease of amphibians. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 109-118. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836101. Accessed 27 June 2011.
    • (2010) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.25 , pp. 109-118
    • Kilpatrick, A.M.1    Briggs, C.J.2    Daszak, P.3
  • 19
    • 34250624463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the international trade in amphibians and introduced amphibian species
    • Available: Accessed 26 January 2014
    • Fisher MC, Garner TWJ (2007) The relationship between the emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the international trade in amphibians and introduced amphibian species. Fungal Biol Rev 21: 2-9. Available: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1749461307000085. Accessed 26 January 2014.
    • (2007) Fungal Biol Rev , vol.21 , pp. 2-9
    • Fisher, M.C.1    Garner, T.W.J.2
  • 20
    • 67349205065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude of the US trade in amphibians and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus infection in imported North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
    • Available: Accessed 10 June 2011
    • Schloegel LM, Picco AM, Kilpatrick AM, Davies AJ, Hyatt AD, et al. (2009) Magnitude of the US trade in amphibians and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus infection in imported North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Biol Conserv 142: 1420-1426. Available:http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320709000834. Accessed 10 June 2011.
    • (2009) Biol Conserv , vol.142 , pp. 1420-1426
    • Schloegel, L.M.1    Picco, A.M.2    Kilpatrick, A.M.3    Davies, A.J.4    Hyatt, A.D.5
  • 21
    • 77955305394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American bullfrog as a reservoir for the spread of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Brazil
    • Available: Accessed 1 June 2012
    • Schloegel LM, Ferreira CM, James TY, Hipolito M, Longcore JE, et al. (2010) The North American bullfrog as a reservoir for the spread of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Brazil. Anim Conserv 13: 53-61. Available: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00307.x. Accessed 1 June 2012.
    • (2010) Anim Conserv , vol.13 , pp. 53-61
    • Schloegel, L.M.1    Ferreira, C.M.2    James, T.Y.3    Hipolito, M.4    Longcore, J.E.5
  • 22
    • 81755187011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage
    • Available: Accessed 11 March 2012
    • Farrer RA, Weinert LA, Bielby J, Garner TWJ, Balloux F, et al. (2011) Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108: 18732-18736. Available:http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3219125&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 11 March 2012.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 18732-18736
    • Farrer, R.A.1    Weinert, L.A.2    Bielby, J.3    Garner, T.W.J.4    Balloux, F.5
  • 23
    • 84867688162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel, panzootic and hybrid genotypes of amphibian chytridiomycosis associated with the bullfrog trade
    • Available: Accessed 3 March 2013
    • Schloegel LM, Toledo LF, Longcore JE, Greenspan SE, Vieira CA, et al. (2012) Novel, panzootic and hybrid genotypes of amphibian chytridiomycosis associated with the bullfrog trade. Mol Ecol 21: 5162-5177. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857789. Accessed 3 March 2013.
    • (2012) Mol Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 5162-5177
    • Schloegel, L.M.1    Toledo, L.F.2    Longcore, J.E.3    Greenspan, S.E.4    Vieira, C.A.5
  • 24
    • 33748667048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis globally infects introduced populations of the North American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana
    • Available: Accessed 5 March 2013
    • Garner TWJ, Perkins MW, Govindarajulu P, Seglie D, Walker S, et al. (2006) The emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis globally infects introduced populations of the North American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Biol Lett 2: 455-459. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1686185&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 5 March 2013.
    • (2006) Biol Lett , vol.2 , pp. 455-459
    • Garner, T.W.J.1    Perkins, M.W.2    Govindarajulu, P.3    Seglie, D.4    Walker, S.5
  • 25
    • 0037399585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for disease-related amphibian decline in Colorado
    • Available
    • Muths E, Stephen Corn P, Pessier AP, Earl Green D (2003) Evidence for disease-related amphibian decline in Colorado. Biol Conserv 110: 357-365. Available: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320702002392.
    • (2003) Biol Conserv , vol.110 , pp. 357-365
    • Muths, E.1    Stephen Corn, P.2    Pessier, A.P.3    Earl Green, D.4
  • 26
    • 44649113054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA
    • Available: Accessed 2 April 2013
    • Muths E, Pilliod DS, Livo LJ (2008) Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Biol Conserv 141: 1484-1492. Available: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320708001195. Accessed 2 April 2013.
    • (2008) Biol Conserv , vol.141 , pp. 1484-1492
    • Muths, E.1    Pilliod, D.S.2    Livo, L.J.3
  • 27
    • 84862979758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian Ecosystem Consequences Of Water Redistribution Along The Colorado Front Range
    • Wiener JD, Dwire KA, Skagen SK, Crifasi RR, Yates D (2008) Riparian Ecosystem Consequences Of Water Redistribution Along The Colorado Front Range. Water Resour IMPACT 10: 18-21.
    • (2008) Water Resour IMPACT , vol.10 , pp. 18-21
    • Wiener, J.D.1    Dwire, K.A.2    Skagen, S.K.3    Crifasi, R.R.4    Yates, D.5
  • 28
    • 84884590399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the dispersal routes used by an invasive amphibian, Lithobates catesbeianus, in human-dominated landscapes
    • Available: Accessed 19 March 2013
    • Peterson AC, Richgels KLD, Johnson PTJ, McKenzie VJ (2013) Investigating the dispersal routes used by an invasive amphibian, Lithobates catesbeianus, in human-dominated landscapes. Biol Invasions. Available: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10530-013-0442-y. Accessed 19 March 2013.
    • (2013) Biol Invasions
    • Peterson, A.C.1    Richgels, K.L.D.2    Johnson, P.T.J.3    McKenzie, V.J.4
  • 29
    • 84873138115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and wetland communities: Applying metacommunity theory to understand the local and landscape effects
    • Available: Accessed 28 May 2014
    • Johnson PTJ, Hoverman JT, McKenzie VJ, Blaustein AR, Richgels KLD (2013) Urbanization and wetland communities: applying metacommunity theory to understand the local and landscape effects. J Appl Ecol 50: 34-42. Available: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2664.12022. Accessed 28 May 2014.
    • (2013) J Appl Ecol , vol.50 , pp. 34-42
    • Johnson, P.T.J.1    Hoverman, J.T.2    McKenzie, V.J.3    Blaustein, A.R.4    Richgels, K.L.D.5
  • 30
    • 79955846772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional decline of an iconic amphibian associated with elevation, land-use change, and invasive species
    • Available: Accessed 19 March 2012
    • Johnson PTJ, McKenzie VJ, Peterson AC, Kerby JL, Brown J, et al. (2011) Regional decline of an iconic amphibian associated with elevation, land-use change, and invasive species. Conserv Biol 25: 556-566. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21342266. Accessed 19 March 2012.
    • (2011) Conserv Biol , vol.25 , pp. 556-566
    • Johnson, P.T.J.1    McKenzie, V.J.2    Peterson, A.C.3    Kerby, J.L.4    Brown, J.5
  • 31
    • 10044220678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide
    • Available: Accessed October 2012
    • Stuart SN, Chanson JS, Cox NA, Young BE, Rodrigues ASL, et al. (2004) Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science (80-) 306: 1783-1786. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486254. Accessed October 2012.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , Issue.80 , pp. 1783-1786
    • Stuart, S.N.1    Chanson, J.S.2    Cox, N.A.3    Young, B.E.4    Rodrigues, A.S.L.5
  • 32
    • 34447136742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid Global Decline and Extinction of Frogs
    • Available: Accessed 10 June 2011
    • Skerratt LF, Berger L, Speare R, Cashins S, McDonald KR, et al. (2007) Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid Global Decline and Extinction of Frogs. Ecohealth 4: 125-134. Available: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10393-007-0093-5. Accessed 10 June 2011.
    • (2007) Ecohealth , vol.4 , pp. 125-134
    • Skerratt, L.F.1    Berger, L.2    Speare, R.3    Cashins, S.4    McDonald, K.R.5
  • 33
    • 84857117741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-habiting amphibian species harbor unique skin bacterial communities in wild populations
    • Available: Accessed May 2014
    • McKenzie VJ, Bowers RM, Fierer N, Knight R, Lauber CL (2012) Co-habiting amphibian species harbor unique skin bacterial communities in wild populations. ISME J 6: 588-596. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3280140&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed May 2014.
    • (2012) ISME J , vol.6 , pp. 588-596
    • McKenzie, V.J.1    Bowers, R.M.2    Fierer, N.3    Knight, R.4    Lauber, C.L.5
  • 34
    • 33847009097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
    • Available
    • Hyatt AD, Boyle DG, Olsen V, Boyle DB, Berger L, et al. (2007) Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Dis Aquat Organ 73: 175-192. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17330737.
    • (2007) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.73 , pp. 175-192
    • Hyatt, A.D.1    Boyle, D.G.2    Olsen, V.3    Boyle, D.B.4    Berger, L.5
  • 35
    • 77649164386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using occupancy models to understand the distribution of an amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
    • Available
    • Adams MJ, Chelgren ND, Reinitz D, Cole Ra, Rachowicz LJ, et al. (2010) Using occupancy models to understand the distribution of an amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Ecol Appl 20: 289-302. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20349848.
    • (2010) Ecol Appl , vol.20 , pp. 289-302
    • Adams, M.J.1    Chelgren, N.D.2    Reinitz, D.3    Cole Ra.4    Rachowicz, L.J.5
  • 36
    • 52249105234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambystoma californiense (California Tiger Salamander). Fungal infection
    • Padgett-Flohr GE, Longcore JE (2005) Ambystoma californiense (California Tiger Salamander). Fungal infection. Herpetological Review 36: 50-51.
    • (2005) Herpetological Review , vol.36 , pp. 50-51
    • Padgett-Flohr, G.E.1    Longcore, J.E.2
  • 37
    • 9944228731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid quantitative detection of chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in amphibian samples using real-time Taqman PCR assay
    • Available
    • Boyle DG, Boyle DB, Olsen V, Morgan JaT, Hyatt aD (2004) Rapid quantitative detection of chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in amphibian samples using real-time Taqman PCR assay. Dis Aquat Organ 60: 141-148. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15460858.
    • (2004) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.60 , pp. 141-148
    • Boyle, D.G.1    Boyle, D.B.2    Olsen, V.3    Morgan Ja., T.4    Hyatt, A.D.5
  • 38
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0
    • R Development Core Team (2008) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org.
    • (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 41
    • 0001221924 scopus 로고
    • The Water Economy of Salamanders: Evaporative Water Loss
    • Spight T (1968) The Water Economy of Salamanders: Evaporative Water Loss. Physiol Zool 41: 195-203.
    • (1968) Physiol Zool , vol.41 , pp. 195-203
    • Spight, T.1
  • 42
    • 0014447977 scopus 로고
    • Rate of water update through the integument of the desert toad, Bufo punctatus
    • McClanahan LJ, Baldwin R (1969) Rate of water update through the integument of the desert toad, Bufo punctatus. Comp Biochem Physiol 28: 381-389.
    • (1969) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.28 , pp. 381-389
    • McClanahan, L.J.1    Baldwin, R.2
  • 44
    • 28444494766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus
    • Available: Accessed 28 February 2013
    • Leroy EM, Kumulungui B, Pourrut X, Rouquet P, Hassanin A, et al. (2005) Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 438: 575-576. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319873. Accessed 28 February 2013.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 575-576
    • Leroy, E.M.1    Kumulungui, B.2    Pourrut, X.3    Rouquet, P.4    Hassanin, A.5
  • 45
    • 84879448032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High environmental niche overlap between the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and invasive bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) enhance the potential of disease transmission in the Americas
    • Rödder D, Schulte U, Toledo LF (2013) High environmental niche overlap between the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and invasive bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) enhance the potential of disease transmission in the Americas. North-Western Jounral Zool 9.
    • (2013) North-Western Jounral Zool , vol.9
    • Rödder, D.1    Schulte, U.2    Toledo, L.F.3
  • 46
    • 33645372270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of species diversity on disease risk
    • Available: Accessed 27 February 2013
    • Keesing F, Holt RD, Ostfeld RS (2006) Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecol Lett 9: 485-498. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16623733. Accessed 27 February 2013.
    • (2006) Ecol Lett , vol.9 , pp. 485-498
    • Keesing, F.1    Holt, R.D.2    Ostfeld, R.S.3
  • 47
    • 80053629821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dilution effect in the emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
    • Available: Accessed March 2013
    • Searle CL, Biga LM, Spatafora JW, Blaustein AR (2011) A dilution effect in the emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108: 16322-16326. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3182747&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed March 2013.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 16322-16326
    • Searle, C.L.1    Biga, L.M.2    Spatafora, J.W.3    Blaustein, A.R.4
  • 48
    • 84892791369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic aquatic predators strongly affect infection dynamics of a globally emerged pathogen
    • Available: Accessed 24 May 2014
    • Schmeller DS, Blooi M, Martel A, Garner TWJ, Fisher MC, et al. (2014) Microscopic aquatic predators strongly affect infection dynamics of a globally emerged pathogen. Curr Biol 24: 176-180. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24374305. Accessed 24 May 2014.
    • (2014) Curr Biol , vol.24 , pp. 176-180
    • Schmeller, D.S.1    Blooi, M.2    Martel, A.3    Garner, T.W.J.4    Fisher, M.C.5
  • 49
    • 0027804585 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis Concerning the of Causes of the Disappearance Boreal Toads from the Mountains of Colorado
    • Carey C (1993) Hypothesis Concerning the of Causes of the Disappearance Boreal Toads from the Mountains of Colorado. Conserv Biol 7: 355-362.
    • (1993) Conserv Biol , vol.7 , pp. 355-362
    • Carey, C.1
  • 50
    • 33644836432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental Exposures of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) to a Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)
    • Available: Accessed 11 March 2013
    • Carey C, Bruzgul JE, Livo LJ, Walling ML, Kuehl Ka, et al. (2006) Experimental Exposures of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) to a Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Ecohealth 3: 5-21. Available: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10393-005-0006-4. Accessed 11 March 2013.
    • (2006) Ecohealth , vol.3 , pp. 5-21
    • Carey, C.1    Bruzgul, J.E.2    Livo, L.J.3    Walling, M.L.4    Kuehl Ka.5
  • 51
    • 0029554525 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of macroparasite abundance and aggregation in wildlife populations: A quantitative review
    • Shaw DJ, Dobson AP (1995) Patterns of macroparasite abundance and aggregation in wildlife populations: a quantitative review. Parasitology 111: S111-S133.
    • (1995) Parasitology , vol.111 , pp. S111-S133
    • Shaw, D.J.1    Dobson, A.P.2
  • 52
    • 77949284466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profiling the temperature-dependent amphibian response to infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
    • Available: Accessed 28 January 2014
    • Ribas L, Li M-S, Doddington BJ, Robert J, Seidel Ja, et al. (2009) Expression profiling the temperature-dependent amphibian response to infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. PLoS One 4: e8408. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2794374&tool=pmcentrez& rendertype=abstract. Accessed 28 January 2014.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , pp. e8408
    • Ribas, L.1    Li, M.-S.2    Doddington, B.J.3    Robert, J.4    Seidel Ja.5
  • 53
    • 68349128437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide transcriptional response of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis to infection with the deadly chytrid fungus
    • Available: Accessed 28 January 2014
    • Rosenblum EB, Poorten TJ, Settles M, Murdoch GK, Robert J, et al. (2009) Genome-wide transcriptional response of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis to infection with the deadly chytrid fungus. PLoS One 4: e6494. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2727658&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 28 January 2014.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , pp. e6494
    • Rosenblum, E.B.1    Poorten, T.J.2    Settles, M.3    Murdoch, G.K.4    Robert, J.5
  • 54
    • 79952561833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameter inference for an individual based model of chytridiomycosis in frogs
    • Available: Accessed 28 January 2014
    • Johnson LR, Briggs CJ (2011) Parameter inference for an individual based model of chytridiomycosis in frogs. J Theor Biol 277: 90-98. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21333659. Accessed 28 January 2014.
    • (2011) J Theor Biol , vol.277 , pp. 90-98
    • Johnson, L.R.1    Briggs, C.J.2
  • 55
    • 78149307322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host physiological phenotype explains pathogen reservoir potential
    • Available: Accessed March 2013
    • Cronin JP, Welsh ME, Dekkers MG, Abercrombie ST, Mitchell CE (2010) Host physiological phenotype explains pathogen reservoir potential. Ecol Lett 13: 1221-1232. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20618842. Accessed March 2013.
    • (2010) Ecol Lett , vol.13 , pp. 1221-1232
    • Cronin, J.P.1    Welsh, M.E.2    Dekkers, M.G.3    Abercrombie, S.T.4    Mitchell, C.E.5
  • 56
    • 26044454332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses
    • Malmstrom CM, McCullough AJ, Johnson Ha, Newton La, Borer ET (2005) Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses. Oecologia 145: 153-164.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.145 , pp. 153-164
    • Malmstrom, C.M.1    McCullough, A.J.2    Johnson Ha.3    Newton La.4    Borer, E.T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.