Conspecific negative density-dependent mortality and the structure of temperate forests

Ecology

Volumn 95, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 2493-2503

  Johnson, Daniel J ^a,d   Bourg, Norman A ^b   Howe, Robert ^c   McShea, William J ^b   Wolf, Amy ^c   Clay, Keith ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN GREEN BAY   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Density dependence; Janzen Connell hypothesis; Pair correlation function; Seedling dynamics; Spatial distribution; Tree diversity

Indexed keywords

CONSPECIFIC; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; MORTALITY; SEEDLING; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATE FOREST;

INDIANA; UNITED STATES; VIRGINIA; WISCONSIN;

EID: 84907222998     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: 19399170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/13-2098.1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Augspurger, C. K. 1984. Pathogen mortality of tropical tree seedlings: experimental studies of the effects of dispersal distance, seedling density, and light conditions. Oecologia 61: 211.
2. Bagchi, R., et al. 2011. Spatial patterns reveal negative density dependence and habitat associations in tropical trees. Ecology 92: 1723-1729.
3. Bai, X. J., S. A. Queenborough, X. G. Wang, J. Zhang, B. H. Li, Z. Q. Yuan, D. L. Xing, F. Lin, J. Ye, and Z. Q. Hao. 2012. Effects of local biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on tree and shrub seedling survival in an old-growth temperate forest. Oecologia 170: 755-765.
4. Beckage, B., M. Lavine, and J. S. Clark. 2005. Survival of tree seedlings across space and time: estimates from long-term count data. Journal of Ecology 93: 1177-1184.
5. Bell, T., R. P. Freckleton, and O. T. Lewis. 2006. Plant pathogens drive density-dependent seedling mortality in a tropical tree. Ecology Letters 9: 569-574.
6. Bever, J. D. 2003. Soil community feedback and the coexistence of competitors: conceptual frameworks and empirical tests. New Phytologist 157: 465-473.
7. Bourg, N. A., W. J. McShea, J. R. Thompson, J. C. McGarvey, and X. Shen. 2013. Initial census, woody seedling, seed rain, and stand structure data for the SCBI SIGEO Large Forest Dynamics Plot. Ecology 94: 2111-2112.
8. Burnam, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer, New York, New York, USA.
9. Canham, C. D., P. T. LePage, and K. D. Coates. 2004. A neighborhood analysis of canopy tree competition: effects of shading versus crowding. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 778-787.
10. Chen, L., X. C. Mi, L. S. Comita, L. W. Zhang, H. B. Ren, and K. P. Ma. 2010. Community-level consequences of density dependence and habitat association in a subtropical broad-leaved forest. Ecology Letters 13: 695-704.
11. Chesson, P. 2000. Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 343-366.
12. Comita, L. S., H. C. Muller-Landau, S. Aguilar, and S. P. Hubbell. 2010. Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community. Science 329: 330-332.
13. Condit, R. 1998. Tropical forest census plots: methods and results from Barro Colorado Island, Panama and a comparison with other plots. Springer, New York, New York, USA.
14. Condit, R., S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 1994. Density dependence in two understory tree species in a neotropical forest. Ecology 75: 671-680.
15. Connell, J. H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. Pages 298-312 in P. J. den Boer and G. R. Gradwell, editors. Dynamics of populations. Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
16. Druckenbrod, D. L., H. H. Shugart, and I. Davies. 2005. Spatial pattern and process in forest stands within the Virginia piedmont. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 37-48.
17. Friedman, S. K., P. B. Reich, and L. E. Frelich. 2001. Multiple scale composition and spatial distribution patterns of the north-eastern Minnesota presettlement forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 538-554.
18. Gilbert, B., and M. J. Lechowicz. 2004. Neutrality, niches, and dispersal in a temperate forest understory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101: 7651-7656.
19. Gilbert, G. S., K. E. Harms, D. N. Hamill, and S. P. Hubbell. 2001. Effects of seedling size, El Nino drought, seedling density, and distance to nearest conspecific adult on 6-year survival of Ocotea whitei seedlings in Panama. Oecologia 127: 509-516.
20. Harcombe, P. A. 1987. Tree life-table. BioScience 37: 557-568.
21. Harms, K. E., S. J. Wright, O. Calderon, A. Hernandez, and E. A. Herre. 2000. Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404: 493-495.
22. HilleRisLambers, J., J. S. Clark, and B. Beckage. 2002. Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinal gradient in species diversity. Nature 417: 732-735.
23. Illian, J., A. Penttinen, H. Stoyan, and D. Stoyan. 2008. Statistical analysis and modelling of spatial point patterns. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.
24. Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104: 501-528.
25. Johnson, D. J., W. T. Beaulieu, J. D. Bever, and K. Clay. 2012. Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity. Science 336: 904-907.
26. Kelejian, H. H., and I. R. Prucha. 2010. Spatial models with spatially lagged dependent variables and incomplete data. Journal of Geographical Systems 12: 241-257.
27. Kobe, R. K., and C. F. Vriesendorp. 2011. Conspecific density dependence in seedlings varies with species shade tolerance in a wet tropical forest. Ecology Letters 14: 503-510.
28. Kulmatiski, A., K. H. Beard, J. R. Stevens, and S. M. Cobbold. 2008. Plant-soil feedbacks: a meta-analytical review. Ecology Letters 11: 980-992.
29. Lan, G. Y., S. Getzin, T. Wiegand, Y. H. Hu, G. S. Xie, H. Zhu, and M. Cao. 2012. Spatial distribution and interspecific associations of tree species in a tropical seasonal rain forest of China. PLoS ONE 7(9): e46074.
30. Liu, Y. H., R. S. Zeng, S. Chen, D. L. Liu, S. M. Luo, H. Wu, and M. An. 2007. Plant autotoxicity research in southern China. Allelopathy Journal 19: 61-74.
31. Mangan, S. A., S. A. Schnitzer, E. A. Herre, K. M. L. Mack, M. C. Valencia, E. I. Sanchez, and J. D. Bever. 2010. Negative plant-soil feedback predicts tree-species relative abundance in a tropical forest. Nature 466: 752-755.
32. McCarthy-Neumann, S., and I. Ibáñez. 2012. Tree range expansion may be enhanced by escape from negative plantsoil feedbacks. Ecology 93: 2637-2649.
33. Messaoud, Y., and G. Houle. 2006. Spatial patterns of tree seedling establishment and their relationship to environmental variables in a cold-temperate deciduous forest of eastern North America. Plant Ecology 185: 319-331.
34. Packer, A., and K. Clay. 2000. Soil pathogens and spatial patterns of seedling mortality in a temperate tree. Nature 404: 278-281.
35. Packer, A., and K. Clay. 2003. Soil pathogens and Prunus serotina seedling and sapling growth near conspecific trees. Ecology 84: 108-119.
36. Petermann, J. S., A. J. F. Fergus, L. A. Turnbull, and B. Schmid. 2008. Janzen-Connell effects are widespread and strong enough to maintain diversity in grasslands. Ecology 89: 2399-2406.
37. Peters, H. A. 2003. Neighbour-regulated mortality: the influence of positive and negative density dependence on tree populations in species-rich tropical forests. Ecology Letters 6: 757-765.
38. Piao, T., L. Comita, G. Jin, and J. Kim. 2013. Density dependence across multiple life stages in a temperate old-growth forest of northeast China. Oecologia 172: 207-217.
39. R Development Core Team. 2012. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
40. Reinhart, K. O., A. A. Royo, W. H. Van der Putten, and K. Clay. 2005. Soil feedback and pathogen activity in Prunus serotina throughout its native range. Journal of Ecology 93: 890-898.
41. Ripley, B. D. 1981. Spatial statistics. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
42. Russo, S. E., P. Brown, S. Tan, and S. J. Davies. 2008. Interspecific demographic trade-offs and soil-related habitat associations of tree species along resource gradients. Journal of Ecology 96: 192-203.
43. SAS Institute. 2011. SAS version 9.3. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
44. Seidler, T. G., and J. B. Plotkin. 2006. Seed dispersal and spatial pattern in tropical trees. PLoS Biology 4: 2132-2137.
45. Stoyan, D., and H. Stoyan. 1994. Fractals, random shapes and point fields. methods of geometrical statistics. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.
46. Swamy, V., and J. W. Terborgh. 2010. Distance-responsive natural enemies strongly influence seedling establishment patterns of multiple species in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Ecology 98: 1096-1107.
47. Team, R. C. 2012. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
48. Terborgh, J. 2012. Enemies maintain hyperdiverse tropical forests. American Naturalist 179: 303-314.
49. Uriarte, M., C. D. Canham, J. Thompson, and J. K. Zimmerman. 2004. A neighborhood analysis of tree growth and survival in a hurricane-driven tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 74: 591-614.
50. Volkov, I., J. R. Banavar, F. L. He, S. P. Hubbell, and A. Maritan. 2005. Density dependence explains tree species abundance and diversity in tropical forests. Nature 438: 658-661.
51. Wang, X., L. S. Comita, Z. Hao, S. J. Davies, J. Ye, F. Lin, and Z. Yuan. 2012. Local-scale drivers of tree survival in a temperate forest. PLoS ONE 7: e29469.
52. Wang, X., T. Wiegand, Z. Hao, B. Li, J. Ye, and F. Lin. 2010a. Species associations in an old-growth temperate forest in north-eastern China. Journal of Ecology 98: 674-686.
53. Wang, X. G., J. Ye, B. H. Li, J. A. Zhang, F. Lin, and Z. Q. Hao. 2010b. Spatial distributions of species in an old-growth temperate forest, northeastern China. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 1011-1019.
54. Wiegand, T., and K. A. Moloney. 2004. Rings, circles, and nullmodels for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 104: 209-229.
55. Wright, S. J., H. C. Muller-Landau, O. Calderon, and A. Hernandez. 2005. Annual and spatial variation in seedfall and seedling recruitment in a neotropical forest. Ecology 86: 848-860.
56. Zhang, J., Z. Q. Hao, I. F. Sun, B. Song, J. Ye, B. H. Li, and X. G. Wang. 2009. Density dependence on tree survival in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China. Annals of Forest Science 66(2): 204.