Plant pathogens drive density-dependent seedling mortality in a tropical tree

Ecology Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 569-574

  Bell, Thomas ^a   Freckleton, Robert P ^a   Lewis, Owen T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Density dependence; Diversity; Fungicide; Janzen Connell; Oomycetes; Pathogens; Phytophthora; Pythium; Tree; Tropical

Indexed keywords

FUNGICIDE;

BIODIVERSITY; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; FUNGICIDE; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN; PLANT COMMUNITY; SEEDLING; TREE; TROPICAL FOREST;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; EUPHORBIA; FUNGUS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MICROBIOLOGY; MORTALITY; PATHOGENICITY; POPULATION DENSITY; SEEDLING; TREE; TROPIC CLIMATE;

BIODIVERSITY; EUPHORBIACEAE; FUNGI; FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL; MORTALITY; POPULATION DENSITY; SEEDLING; TREES; TROPICAL CLIMATE;

OOMYCETES; PHYTOPHTHORA; PYTHIUM;

EID: 33645840116     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: 14610248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00905.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Afek U. Menge J.A. Johnson E.L.V. 1990 Effect of Pythium ultimum and metalaxyl treatments on root length and mycorrhizal colonization of cotton, onion, and pepper. Plant Dis. 74 117 120.
2. Augspurger C.K. 1983 Seed dispersal of the tropical tree, Platypodium elegans, and the escape of its seedlings from fungal pathogens. J. Ecol. 71 759 771
3. Augspurger C.K. 1984 Seedling survival of tropical tree species - interactions of dispersal distance, light-gaps, and pathogens. Ecology 65 1705 1712.
4. Augspurger C.K. 1990 Spatial patterns of damping-off diseases during seedling recruitment in tropical forests. In: Pests, Pathogens and Plant Communities eds Burdon J.J. Leather S.R. Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford pp. 131 144.
5. Augspurger C.K. Kelly C.K. 1984 Pathogen mortality of tropical tree seedlings: experimental studies of the effects of dispersal distance, seedling density, and light conditions. Oecologia 61 211 217.
6. Augspurger C.K. Kitajima K. 1992 Experimental studies of seedling recruitment from contrasting seed distributions. Ecology 73 1270 1284.
7. Burdon J.J. 1982 Host density as a factor in plant disease ecology. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 20 143 166.
8. Cohen Y. Coffey M.D. 1986 Systemic fungicides and the control of Oomycetes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 24 311 338.
9. Connell J.H. 1971 On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. In: Dynamics of Populations eds Boer P.J.D. Gradwell G.R. PUDOC Wageningen pp. 298 312.
10. Connell J.H. 1990 Apparent versus ''real'' competition in plants. In: Perspectives on Plant Competition eds Grace J.B. Tilman D. Academic Press San Diego, CA pp. 9 26.
11. Connell J.H. Debski I. Gehring C.A. Goldwasser L. Green P.T. Harms K.E. et al. 2005 Dynamics of seedling recruitment in an Australian tropical rainforest. In: Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future eds Bermingham E. Dick C.W. Moritz C. Chicago University Press Chicago, IL, USA pp. 486 506.
12. Dalling J.W. Hubbell S.P. Silvera K. 1998 Seed dispersal, seedling establishment and gap partitioning among tropical pioneer trees. J. Ecol. 86 674 689.
13. Denslow J.S. 1987 Tropical rain-forest gaps and tree species-diversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18 431 451.
14. Dobson A. Crawley M.J. 1994 Pathogens and the structure of plant communities. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9 393 398.
15. Gentry A.H. 1988 Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographic gradients. Ann. MO Bot. Gard. 75 1 34.
16. Gilbert G.S. 2002 Evolutionary ecology of plant diseases in natural ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 40 13 43.
17. Gilbert G.S. 2005 Dimensions of plant disease in tropical forests. In: Biotic Interactions in the Tropics: Their Role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity eds Burslem D.F.R.P. Pinard M.A. Hartley S.E. Cambridge University Press Cambridge pp. 141 164.
18. Gilbert G.S. Hubbell S.P. Foster R.B. 1994 Density and distance-to-adult effects of a canker disease of trees in a moist tropical forest. Oecologia 98 100 108.
19. Givnish T.J. 1999 On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity. J. Ecol. 87 193 210.
20. Harms K.E. Wright S.J. Calderon O. Hernandez A. Herre E.A. 2000 Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404 493 495.
21. Holah J. Alexander H. 1999 Soil pathogenic fungi have the potential to affect the co-existence of two tallgrass prairie species. J. Ecol. 87 598 608.
22. Holt R.D. 1977 Predation, apparent competition and the structure of prey communities. Theor. Popul. Biol. 12 197 229.
23. Hood L.A. Swaine M.D. Mason P.A. 2004 The influence of spatial patterns of damping-off disease and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on tree seedling establishment in Ghanaian tropical forest soil. J. Ecol. 92 816 823.
24. Janzen D.H. 1970 Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 104 501 528.
25. Jarosz A.M. Davelos A.L. 1995 Effects of disease in wild plant populations and the evolution of pathogen aggressiveness. New Phytol. 129 371 387.
26. Klironomos J.N. 2002 Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature 417 67 70.
27. Lambers J.H.R. Clark J.S. 2003 Effects of dispersal, shrubs, and density-dependent mortality on seed and seedling distributions in temperate forests. Can. J. For. Res. Rev. Can. Rech. For. 33 783 795.
28. Lambers J.H.R. Clark J.S. Beckage B. 2002 Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinal gradient in species diversity. Nature 417 732 735.
29. O'Hanlon-Manners D.L. Kotanen P.M. 2004 Evidence that fungal pathogens inhibit recruitment of a shade-intolerant tree, white birch (Betula papyrifera) in understory habitats. Oecologia 140 650 653.
30. Packer A. Clay K. 2000 Soil pathogens and spatial patterns of seedling mortality in a temperate tree. Nature 404 278 281.
31. Packer A. Clay K. 2003 Soil pathogens and Prunus serotina seedling and sapling growth near conspecific trees. Ecology 84 108 119.
32. Peters H.A. 2003 Neighbour-regulated mortality: the influence of positive and negative density dependence on tree populations in species-rich tropical forests. Ecol. Lett. 6 757 765.
33. Reinhart K.O. Packer A. Van der Putten W.H. Clay K. 2003 Plant-soil biota interactions and spatial distribution of black cherry in its native and invasive ranges. Ecol. Lett. 6 1046 1050.
34. Seymour N.P. Thompson J.P. Fiske M.L. 1994 Phytotoxicity of fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid to maize during production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum. Plant Dis. 78 441 446.
35. Uriarte M. Condit R. Canham C.D. Hubbell S.P. 2004 A spatially explicit model of sapling growth in a tropical forest: does the identity of neighbours matter J. Ecol. 92 348 360.
36. Valencia R. Balslev H. Pazy Mino G. 1994 High tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian Ecuador. Biodivers. Conserv. 3 21 28.
37. Van der Putten W.H. Van Dijk C. Peters B.A.M. 1993 Plant-specific soil-borne diseases contribute to succession in foredune vegetation. Nature 362 53 56.
38. Wills C. Condit R. 1999 Similar non-random processes maintain diversity in two tropical rainforests. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 266 1445 1452.
39. Wills C. Condit R. Foster R.B. Hubbell S.P. 1997 Strong density- and diversity-related effects help to maintain tree species diversity in a neotropical forest. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94 1252 1257.
40. Wright S.J. 2002 Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence. Oecologia 130 1 14.
41. Wright A.C.S. Romney D.H. Arbuckle R.H. Vial V.E. 1959 Land in British Honduras. H.M. Stationery Office London.
42. Wright S.J. Muller-Landau H.C. Calderón O. Hernández A. 2005 Annual and spatial variation in seedfall and seedling recruitment in a Neotropical forest. Putative mast seeding, seed fate, and El Niño climate fluctuation in a Neotropical forest. Ecology 86 848 860.