Polypharmacy with antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia: Trends in multiple health care systems

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

Volumn 71, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 728-738

  Sun, FangFang ^a   Stock, Eileen M ^a,b   Copeland, Laurel A ^a,b,c   Zeber, John E ^b,d   Ahmedani, Brian K ^e   Morissette, Sandra B ^b,f  

^a Center for Applied Health Research   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d Health Outcomes Core   (United States)

^e HENRY FORD HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^f VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; ASENAPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHLORPROTHIXENE; CLOZAPINE; DROPERIDOL; FLUPHENAZINE; HALOPERIDOL; LOXAPINE; MESORIDAZINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PALIPERIDONE; PERPHENAZINE; PIMOZIDE; PROCHLORPERAZINE; PROMAZINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; THIORIDAZINE; TIOTIXENE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; ZIPRASIDONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DRUG UTILIZATION; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PATIENT; ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE; POLYPHARMACY; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREND STUDY; ADOLESCENT; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; MIDDLE AGED; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYPHARMACY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84907205648     PISSN: 10792082     EISSN: 15352900     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2146/ajhp130471     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Mikell CB, McKhann GM, Segal S et al. The hippocampus and nucleus accumbens as potential therapeutic targets for neurosurgical intervention in schizophrenia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2009; 87:256-65.
2. O'Carroll R. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2000; 6:161-8.
3. Faries D, Ascher-Svanum H, Zhu B et al. Antipsychotic monotherapy and polypharmacy in the naturalistic treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics. BMC Psychiatry. 2005; 5:26.
4. Kreyenbuhl J, Buchanan RW, Dickerson FB, Dixon LB. The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): updated treatment recommendations 2009. Schizophr Bull. 2010; 36:94-103.
5. Lehman AF, Kreyenbuhl J, Buchanan RW et al. The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): updated treatment recommendations 2003. Schizophr Bull. 2004; 30:193-217.
6. Lehman AF, Steinwachs DM. Translating research into practice: the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) treatment recommendations. Schizophr Bull. 1998; 24:1-10.
7. Young AS, Sullivan G, Duan N. Patient, provider, and treatment factors associated with poor-quality care for schizophrenia. Ment Health Serv Res. 1999 (Dec); 1:201-11.
8. Buchanan RW, Kreyenbuhl J, Kelly DL et al. The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophr Bull. 2010; 36:71-93.
9. Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161(suppl 2):1-56.
10. Miller AL, Crismon ML, Rush AJ et al. The Texas medication algorithm project: clinical results for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2004; 30:627-47.
11. Moore TA, Buchanan RW, Buckley PF et al. The Texas medication algorithm project antipsychotic algorithm for schizophrenia: 2006 update. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 68:1751-62.
12. Guidance on the use of newer (atypical) antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2002.
13. The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of schizophrenia 1999. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999; 60(suppl 11):3-80.
14. Patel MX, Haddad PM, Chaudhry IB et al. Psychiatrists' use, knowledge and attitudes to first- and second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections: comparisons over 5 years. J Psychopharmacol. 2010; 24:1473-82.
15. Attard A, Taylor DM. Comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: what have real-world trials taught us? CNS Drugs. 2012; 26:491-508.
16. Ganguly R, Kotzan JA, Miller LS et al. Prevalence, trends, and factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy among Medicaid-eligible schizophrenia patients, 1998-2000. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004; 65:1377-88.
17. Williams EO, Stock EM, Copeland LA et al. Payer types associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy in an ambulatory care setting. J Pharm Health Serv Res. 2012; 3:149-55.
18. Goren JL, Parks JJ, Ghinassi FA et al. When is antipsychotic polypharmacy supported by research evidence? Implications for QI. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008; 34:571-82.
19. Kreyenbuhl J, Valenstein M, McCarthy JF et al. Long-term combination antipsychotic treatment in VA patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006; 84:90-9.
20. Covell NH, Jackson CT, Evans AC, Essock SM. Antipsychotic prescribing practices in Connecticut's public mental health system: rates of changing medications and prescribing styles. Schizophr Bull. 2002; 28:17-29.
21. Goh YL, Seng KH, Chuan AS, Chua HC. Reducing antipsychotic polypharmacy among psychogeriatric and adult patients with chronic schizophrenia. Perm J. 2011; 15:52-6.
22. Xiang YT, Wang CY, Si TM et al. Antipsychotic polypharmacy in inpatients with schizophrenia in Asia (2001-2009). Pharmacopsychiatry. 2012; 45:7-12.
23. Miller AL, Craig CS. Combination antipsychotics: pros, cons, and questions. Schizophr Bull. 2002; 28:105-9.
24. Dolder CR, McKinsey J. Antipsychotic polypharmacy among patients admitted to a geriatric psychiatry unit. J Psychiatr Pract. 2011; 17:368-74.
25. Loosbrock DL, Zhao Z, Johnstone BM, Morris LS. Antipsychotic medication use patterns and associated costs of care for individuals with schizophrenia. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2003; 6:67-75.
26. Zhu B, Ascher-Svanum H, Faries DE et al. Cost of antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry. 2008; 8:19.
27. Kiivet RA, Llerena A, Dahl ML et al. Patterns of drug treatment of schizophrenic patients in Estonia, Spain and Sweden. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 40:467-76.
28. Sim K, Su A, Fujii S et al. Antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia: a multicentre comparative study in East Asia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004; 58:178-83.
29. Sheppard C, Beyel V, Fracchia J, Merlis S. Polypharmacy in psychiatry: a multistate comparison of psychotropic drug combinations. Dis Nerv Syst. 1974; 35: 183-9.
30. Leslie DL, Rosenheck RA. Benchmarking the quality of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy: a comparison of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the private sector. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2003; 6:113-21.
31. Rosenheck RA, Desai R, Steinwachs D, Lehman A. Benchmarking treatment of schizophrenia: a comparison of service delivery by the national government and by state and local providers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000; 188:209-16.
32. Cohen CI, Cohen GD, Blank K et al. Schizophrenia and older adults. An overview: directions for research and policy. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000; 8:19-28.
33. Wang PS, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J et al. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353:2335-41.
34. Statistics NCfH. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2008. ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health-Statistics/NCHS/Dataset-Documentation/NAMCS/ (accessed 2008 Feb 6).
35. Go AS, Magid DJ, Wells B et al. The Cardiovascular Research Network: a new paradigm for cardiovascular quality and outcomes research. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008; 1:138-47.
36. Stevens AB, Sanghi S. Emerging frontiers in health care research and delivery: the 16th Annual HMO Research Network Conference, March 21-24, 2010, Austin, Texas. Clin Med Res. 2010; 8:176-8.
37. Copeland L, Sun F, Haller I et al. PS3-47: Rural Health Research Initiative in the HMORN: a new scientific interest group. Clin Med Res. 2013; 11:142.
38. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987; 40:373-83.
39. Selim AJ, Fincke G, Ren XS et al. Comorbidity assessments based on patient report: results from the Veterans Health Study. J Ambul Care Manage. 2004; 27: 281-95.
40. Copeland LA, Zeber JE, Wang CP et al. Patterns of primary care and mortality among patients with schizophrenia or diabetes: a cluster analysis approach to the retrospective study of health care utilization. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009; 9:127.
41. Hing E, Cherry DK, Woodwell DA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003 summary. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad365.pdf (accessed 2014 Jan 27).
42. Soumerai S. Unintended outcomes of Medicaid drug cost-containment policies on the chronically mentally ill. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 64(suppl 17):19-22.
43. Zeber JE, Grazier KL, Valenstein M et al. Effect of a medication copayment increase in veterans with schizophrenia. Am J Manag Care. 2007; 13(6, pt 2):335-46.
44. Shekelle PG, Asch S, Glassman P et al., for Department of Veterans Affairs. Comparison of quality of care in VA and non-VA settings: a systematic review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49108/pdf/TOC.pdf (accessed 2014 Feb 27).
45. Piette JD, Heisler M. Problems due to medication costs among VA and non-VA patients with chronic illnesses. Am J Manag Care. 2004; 10(11, pt 2):861-8.
46. Piette JD, Wagner TH, Potter MB, Schillinger D. Health insurance status, cost-related medication underuse, and outcomes among diabetes patients in three systems of care. Med Care. 2004; 42:102-9.
47. Olfson M, Mojtabai R, Sampson NA et al. Dropout from outpatient mental health care in the United States. Psychiatr Serv. 2009; 60:898-907.
48. Watkins KE, Smith B, Paddock SM et al., RAND Corporation. Program evaluation of VHA mental health services: Capstone report, 2011. www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical-reports/2011/RAND-TR956.pdf (accessed 2014 Jan 27).
49. Morgan RO, Teal CR, Reddy SG et al. Measurement in Veterans Affairs health services research: veterans as a special population. Health Serv Res. 2005; 40(5, pt 2):1573-83.
50. Stock EM, Copeland LA, Tsan JY et al. Method of analysis as a factor in models of admission among veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan deployments. Submitted for publication.
51. Tani H, Uchida H, Suzuki T et al. Interventions to reduce antipsychotic polypharmacy: a systematic review. Schizophr Res. 2013; 143:215-20.
52. Cramer JA, Rosenheck R. Compliance with medication regimens for mental and physical disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 1998; 49:196-201.
53. Lacro JP, Dunn LB, Dolder CR et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of recent literature. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002; 63:892-909.