메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1912-1919

The relationship between gun ownership and stranger and nonstranger firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CRIME; FIREARM; GUNSHOT INJURY; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84907190219     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302042     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (74)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0013364450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available at:, Accessed December17, 2013
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Webbased injury statistics query and reporting systems: fatal injury reports. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/fatal-injury-reports.html. Accessed December17, 2013.
    • Webbased Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Systems: Fatal Injury Reports
  • 3
    • 84907208868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Rifle Association, Fairfax, VA: National Rifle Association, Institute for Legislative Action, Available at:, Accessed December 17, 2013
    • National Rifle Association. A post-Heller, post- McDonald question: does an increase in handguns increase crime? Fairfax, VA: National Rifle Association, Institute for Legislative Action; 2010. Available at: http://www.nraila.org/news-issues/fact-sheets/2010/apost-heller,-post-mcdonald-questionb.aspx?s=guns+lower+crime&st=&ps=. Accessed December 17, 2013.
    • (2010) A Post-Heller, Post- McDonald Question: Does An Increase in Handguns Increase Crime?
  • 6
    • 30644477618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social costs of gun ownership
    • Cook PJ, Ludwig J. The social costs of gun ownership. J Public Econ. 2006;90(1-2):379-391.
    • (2006) J Public Econ. , vol.90 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 379-391
    • Cook, P.J.1    Ludwig, J.2
  • 7
    • 0036891730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across US regions and states, 1988-1997
    • Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across US regions and states, 1988-1997. Am J Public Health. 2002;92 (12):1988-1993.
    • (2002) Am J Public Health. , vol.92 , Issue.12 , pp. 1988-1993
    • Miller, M.1    Azrael, D.2    Hemenway, D.3
  • 8
    • 0036249925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearm availability and suicide, homicide, and unintentional firearm deaths among women
    • Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Firearm availability and suicide, homicide, and unintentional firearm deaths among women. J Urban Health. 2002;79(1):26-38.
    • (2002) J Urban Health. , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-38
    • Miller, M.1    Azrael, D.2    Hemenway, D.3
  • 9
    • 0036191686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearm availability and unintentional firearm deaths, suicide, and homicide among 5-14 year olds
    • Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Firearm availability and unintentional firearm deaths, suicide, and homicide among 5-14 year olds. J Trauma. 2002;52 (2):267-274.
    • (2002) J Trauma. , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-274
    • Miller, M.1    Azrael, D.2    Hemenway, D.3
  • 10
    • 85050840902 scopus 로고
    • Firearms, homicides, and gun control effectiveness
    • Seitz ST. Firearms, homicides, and gun control effectiveness. Law Soc Rev. 1972;6(4):595-614.
    • (1972) Law Soc Rev. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 595-614
    • Seitz, S.T.1
  • 11
    • 0024155108 scopus 로고
    • Firearm availability and the incidence of suicide and homicide
    • Lester D. Firearm availability and the incidence of suicide and homicide. Acta Psychiatr Belg. 1988;88(5-6):387-393.
    • (1988) Acta Psychiatr Belg. , vol.88 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 387-393
    • Lester, D.1
  • 12
    • 0027425962 scopus 로고
    • Firearm deaths in the United States and gun availability
    • Lester D. Firearm deaths in the United States and gun availability. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(11):1642.
    • (1993) Am J Public Health. , vol.83 , Issue.11 , pp. 1642
    • Lester, D.1
  • 13
    • 33845711352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership, 2001-2003
    • Miller M, Hemenway D, Azrael D. State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership, 2001-2003. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(3):656-664.
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med. , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 656-664
    • Miller, M.1    Hemenway, D.2    Azrael, D.3
  • 14
    • 8444223570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of selected risk factors with variation in child and adolescent firearm mortality by state
    • Murnan J, Dake JA, Price JH. Association of selected risk factors with variation in child and adolescent firearm mortality by state. J Sch Health. 2004;74(8):335-340.
    • (2004) J Sch Health. , vol.74 , Issue.8 , pp. 335-340
    • Murnan, J.1    Dake, J.A.2    Price, J.H.3
  • 15
    • 33846189010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social trust, firearm prevalence, and homicide
    • Rosenfeld R, Baumer E, Messner SF. Social trust, firearm prevalence, and homicide. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17(2):119-125.
    • (2007) Ann Epidemiol. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-125
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Baumer, E.2    Messner, S.F.3
  • 16
    • 14544290467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State background checks and firearms homicides
    • Ruddell R, Mays GL. State background checks and firearms homicides. J Crim Justice. 2005;33(2):127-136.
    • (2005) J Crim Justice. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-136
    • Ruddell, R.1    Mays, G.L.2
  • 18
    • 2542436711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearm availability and homicide: A review of the literature
    • Hepburn LM, Hemenway D. Firearm availability and homicide: a review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav. 2004;9(4):417-440.
    • (2004) Aggress Violent Behav. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-440
    • Hepburn, L.M.1    Hemenway, D.2
  • 19
    • 84886415854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between gun ownership and firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010
    • Siegel M, Ross CS, King C III. The relationship between gun ownership and firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010. Am J Public Health. 2013; 103(11): 2098-2105.
    • (2013) Am J Public Health. , vol.103 , Issue.11 , pp. 2098-2105
    • Siegel, M.1    Ross, C.S.2    King, C.3
  • 21
    • 0004053002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics
    • Fox JA, Zawitz MW. Homicide Trends in the United States. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2007.
    • (2007) Homicide Trends in the United States
    • Fox, J.A.1    Zawitz, M.W.2
  • 22
    • 16844386804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships of US youth homicide victims and their offenders, 1976-1999
    • Moskowitz H, Laraque D, Doucette JT. Relationships of US youth homicide victims and their offenders, 1976-1999. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(4):356-361.
    • (2005) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. , vol.159 , Issue.4 , pp. 356-361
    • Moskowitz, H.1    Laraque, D.2    Doucette, J.T.3
  • 23
    • 0026712915 scopus 로고
    • Men, women, and murder: Gender-specific differences in rates of fatal violence and victimization
    • Kellermann AL, Mercy JA. Men, women, and murder: gender-specific differences in rates of fatal violence and victimization. J Trauma. 1992;33(1):1-5.
    • (1992) J Trauma. , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Kellermann, A.L.1    Mercy, J.A.2
  • 24
    • 80052564393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for violent deaths-National Violent Death Reporting System 16 statese 2008
    • Karch DL, Logan J, Patel N. Surveillance for violent deaths-National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 states, 2008. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2011;60(10):1-49.
    • (2011) MMWR Surveill Summ. , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 1-49
    • Karch, D.L.1    Logan, J.2    Patel, N.3
  • 25
    • 0345698843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of homicide in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, between 1966-1974 and 1984-1993
    • Smith AT Jr, Kuller LH, Perper JA, Brent DA, Moritz G, Costantino JP. Epidemiology of homicide in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, between 1966-1974 and 1984-1993. Prev Med. 1998;27(3):452-460.
    • (1998) Prev Med. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 452-460
    • Smith, A.T.1    Kuller, L.H.2    Perper, J.A.3    Brent, D.A.4    Moritz, G.5    Costantino, J.P.6
  • 27
    • 0031408903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in homicide in Contra Costa County, California: 1982-1993
    • Pratt C, Deosaransingh K. Gender differences in homicide in Contra Costa County, California: 1982-1993. Am J Prev Med. 1997;13(6 suppl):19-24.
    • (1997) Am J Prev Med. , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 19-24
    • Pratt, C.1    Deosaransingh, K.2
  • 28
  • 29
    • 84907219017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National archive of criminal justice data. Uniform crime reporting program data series: Supplemental homicide reports, 1981-2010
    • MI: Inter- University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Available at:, Accessed December 17 2013
    • National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data Series: Supplemental Homicide Reports, 1981-2010. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter- University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Available at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/series/00057. Accessed December 17, 2013.
    • Ann Arbor
  • 30
    • 79959385278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the national violent death reporting system and supplementary homicide report: Potential benefits of integration
    • Shields RT, Ward BW. Comparison of the National Violent Death Reporting System and Supplementary Homicide Report: potential benefits of integration. Justice Res Policy. 2008;10(2):67-97.
    • (2008) Justice Res Policy. , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-97
    • Shields, R.T.1    Ward, B.W.2
  • 31
    • 0036716048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underestimates of unintentional firearm fatalities: Comparing supplementary homicide report data with the national vital statistics system
    • Barber C, Hemenway D, Hochstadt J, Azrael D. Underestimates of unintentional firearm fatalities: comparing Supplementary Homicide Report data with the National Vital Statistics System. Inj Prev. 2002;8(3): 252-256.
    • (2002) Inj Prev. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 252-256
    • Barber, C.1    Hemenway, D.2    Hochstadt, J.3    Azrael, D.4
  • 32
    • 38749120270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of SHR and vital statistics homicide estimates for US cities
    • Loftin C, McDowall D, Fetzer MD. A comparison of SHR and Vital Statistics homicide estimates for US cities. J Contemp Crim Justice. 2008;24(1):4-17.
    • (2008) J Contemp Crim Justice. , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-17
    • Loftin, C.1    McDowall, D.2    Fetzer, M.D.3
  • 33
    • 84907198525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniform crime reports [United States]: Supplementary homicide reports with multiple imputation cumulative files 1976-2007
    • MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Available at:, Accessed December 17, 2013
    • Fox JA, Swatt ML. Uniform Crime Reports [United States]: Supplementary Homicide Reports with Multiple Imputation, Cumulative Files 1976-2007. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research; 2009. Available at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/24801. Accessed December 17, 2013.
    • (2009) Ann Arbor
    • Fox, J.A.1    Swatt, M.L.2
  • 34
    • 84907198525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniform crime reports [United States]: Supplementary homicide reports with multiple imputation cumulative files 1976-2007 (Codebook)
    • MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Available at:, Accessed December 17, 2013
    • Fox JA, Swatt ML. Uniform Crime Reports [United States]: Supplementary Homicide Reports with Multiple Imputation, Cumulative Files 1976-2007 (Codebook). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research; 2009. Available at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi-bin/file?comp=none&study=24801&ds=0&file-id=971334. Accessed December 17, 2013.
    • (2009) Ann Arbor
    • Fox, J.A.1    Swatt, M.L.2
  • 36
    • 84907219016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics, Available at:, 17, 2013, Accessed December
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics. Stranger and nonstranger crime. Available at: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=941. Accessed December 17, 2013.
    • Stranger and Nonstranger Crime
  • 37
    • 57349198202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When missing data are not missing: A new approach to evaluating Supplemental Homicide Report imputation strategies
    • Wadsworth T, Roberts JM Jr. When missing data are not missing: a new approach to evaluating Supplemental Homicide Report imputation strategies. Criminology. 2008;46(4):841-870.
    • (2008) Criminology. , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 841-870
    • Wadsworth, T.1    Roberts, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 61349173960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple imputation of the supplementary homicide reports, 1976-2005
    • Fox JA, Swatt ML. Multiple imputation of the Supplementary Homicide Reports, 1976-2005. J Quant Criminol. 2009;25(1):51-77.
    • (2009) J Quant Criminol. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-77
    • Fox, J.A.1    Swatt, M.L.2
  • 39
    • 84992816431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing data problems in the SHR: Imputing offender and relationship characteristics
    • Fox JA. Missing data problems in the SHR: imputing offender and relationship characteristics. Homicide Stud. 2004;8(3):214-254.
    • (2004) Homicide Stud. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 214-254
    • Fox, J.A.1
  • 40
    • 84992827372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing data in homicide research
    • Riedel M, Regoeczi WC. Missing data in homicide research. Homicide Stud. 2004;8(3):163-192.
    • (2004) Homicide Stud. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-192
    • Riedel, M.1    Regoeczi, W.C.2
  • 41
    • 84992816376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of NIBRS reporting on item missing data in murder cases
    • Addington LA. The effect of NIBRS reporting on item missing data in murder cases. Homicide Stud. 2004;8(3):193-213.
    • (2004) Homicide Stud. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-213
    • Addington, L.A.1
  • 42
    • 84992803602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonparametric imputation approach for dealing with missing variables in SHR data
    • Flewelling RL. A nonparametric imputation approach for dealing with missing variables in SHR data. Homicide Stud. 2004;8(3):255-266.
    • (2004) Homicide Stud. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-266
    • Flewelling, R.L.1
  • 43
    • 0036563159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A logmultiplicative association model for allocating homicides with unknown victim-offender relationships
    • Messner SF, Deane G, Beaulieu M. A logmultiplicative association model for allocating homicides with unknown victim-offender relationships. Criminology. 2002;40(2):457-480.
    • (2002) Criminology. , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-480
    • Messner, S.F.1    Deane, G.2    Beaulieu, M.3
  • 44
    • 0347357583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intimacy and homicide: Compensating for missing data in the SHR
    • Pampel FC, Williams KR. Intimacy and homicide: compensating for missing data in the SHR. Criminology. 2000;38(2):661-680.
    • (2000) Criminology. , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 661-680
    • Pampel, F.C.1    Williams, K.R.2
  • 45
    • 0023627917 scopus 로고
    • Family, acquaintance and stranger homicide: Alternate procedures for rate calculations
    • Williams KR, Flewelling RL. Family, acquaintance and stranger homicide: alternate procedures for rate calculations. Criminology. 1987;25(3):543-560.
    • (1987) Criminology. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 543-560
    • Williams, K.R.1    Flewelling, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 1642628240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: Measurement, structure, and trends
    • Azrael D, Cook PJ, Miller M. State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: measurement, structure, and trends. J Quant Criminol. 2004;20(1): 43-62.
    • (2004) J Quant Criminol. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-62
    • Azrael, D.1    Cook, P.J.2    Miller, M.3
  • 47
    • 0345737001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of gun ownership levels for macro-level crime and violence research
    • Kleck G. Measures of gun ownership levels for macro-level crime and violence research. J Res Crime Delinq. 2004;41(1):3-36.
    • (2004) J Res Crime Delinq. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-36
    • Kleck, G.1
  • 49
    • 0345775327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Armed Americans: The impact of firearm availability on national homicide rates
    • Hoskin AW. Armed Americans: the impact of firearm availability on national homicide rates. Justice Q. 2001;18(3):569-592.
    • (2001) Justice Q. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 569-592
    • Hoskin, A.W.1
  • 50
    • 0036719472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household firearm ownership and suicide rates in the United States
    • Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Household firearm ownership and suicide rates in the United States. Epidemiology. 2002;13(5):517-524.
    • (2002) Epidemiology. , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 517-524
    • Miller, M.1    Azrael, D.2    Hemenway, D.3
  • 52
    • 3543138212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with state variations in homicide, suicide, and unintentional firearm deaths
    • Price JH, Thompson AJ, Dake JA. Factors associated with state variations in homicide, suicide, and unintentional firearm deaths. J Community Health. 2004;29 (4):271-283.
    • (2004) J Community Health. , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-283
    • Price, J.H.1    Thompson, A.J.2    Dake, J.A.3
  • 53
    • 84901235437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new proxy measure for state-level gun ownership in studies of firearm injury prevention
    • Siegel M, Ross CS, King C. A new proxy measure for state-level gun ownership in studies of firearm injury prevention. Inj Prev. 2014; 20(3): 204-207.
    • (2014) Inj Prev. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 204-207
    • Siegel, M.1    Ross, C.S.2    King, C.3
  • 54
    • 84867396255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State background checks for gun purchase and firearm deaths: An explanatory study
    • Sen B, Panjamapirom A. State background checks for gun purchase and firearm deaths: an explanatory study. Prev Med. 2012;55(4):346-350.
    • (2012) Prev Med. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 346-350
    • Sen, B.1    Panjamapirom, A.2
  • 55
    • 33745839313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between changes in household firearm ownership and rates of suicide in the United States, 1981-2002
    • MillerM, Azrael D, Hepburn L, Hemenway D, Lippmann SJ. The association between changes in household firearm ownership and rates of suicide in the United States, 1981-2002. Inj Prev. 2006;12(3):178-182.
    • (2006) Inj Prev. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 178-182
    • Millerm Azrael, D.1    Hepburn, L.2    Hemenway, D.3    Lippmann, S.J.4
  • 56
    • 44649089982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearm death rates and association with level of firearm purchase background check
    • Sumner SA, Layde PM, Guse CE. Firearm death rates and association with level of firearm purchase background check. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(1):1-6.
    • (2008) Am J Prev Med. , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Sumner, S.A.1    Layde, P.M.2    Guse, C.E.3
  • 57
    • 84988052086 scopus 로고
    • Negative binomial and mixed Poisson regression
    • Lawless JF. Negative binomial and mixed Poisson regression. Can J Stat. 1987;15(3):209-225.
    • (1987) Can J Stat. , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-225
    • Lawless, J.F.1
  • 58
    • 77649173768 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
    • Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73(1):13-22.
    • (1986) Biometrika. , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-22
    • Liang, K.-Y.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 59
    • 0027982688 scopus 로고
    • Random-effects regression models for clustered data with an example from smoking prevention research
    • Hedeker D, Gibbons RD, Flay BR. Random-effects regression models for clustered data with an example from smoking prevention research. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62(4):757-765.
    • (1994) J Consult Clin Psychol. , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 757-765
    • Hedeker, D.1    Gibbons, R.D.2    Flay, B.R.3
  • 61
    • 0038934381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of software to fit generalized estimating equation regression models
    • Horton NJ, Lipsitz SR. Review of software to fit generalized estimating equation regression models. Am Stat. 1999;53(5):160-169.
    • (1999) Am Stat. , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 160-169
    • Horton, N.J.1    Lipsitz, S.R.2
  • 62
    • 84893302339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Anglemyer A, Horvath T, Rutherford G. The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160 (2):101-110.
    • (2014) Ann Intern Med. , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-110
    • Anglemyer, A.1    Horvath, T.2    Rutherford, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.