Predictors of Disapproval toward “Hard Drug” Use among High School Seniors in the US

Prevention Science

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 725-735

  Palamar, Joseph J ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Attitudes; Illicit drug use; Marijuana; Risk factors; Social norms

Indexed keywords

STREET DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84907087384     PISSN: 13894986     EISSN: 15736695     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0436-0     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aleksander, I. (2013). Molly: Pure, but not so simple. The New York Times, June 23, p. ST1.
2. Bayer, R., & Stuber, J. (2006). Tobacco control, stigma, and public health: Rethinking the relations. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 47–50.
3. Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., & O’Malley, P. M. (1990). Explaining the recent decline in cocaine use among young adults: Further evidence that perceived risks and disapproval lead to reduced drug use. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 173–184.
4. Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., & O’Malley, P. M. (1998). Explaining recent increases in students’ marijuana use: Impacts of perceived risks and disapproval, 1976 through 1996. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 887–892.
5. Best, D., Rawaf, S., Rowley, J., Floyd, K., Manning, V., & Strang, J. (2000). Drinking and smoking as concurrent predictors of illicit drug use and positive drug attitudes in adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 60, 319–321.
6. Caulkins, J. P., Kilmer, B., MacCoun, R. J., Pacula, R. L., & Reuter, P. (2012). Design considerations for legalizing cannabis: Lessons inspired by analysis of California’s Proposition 19. Addiction, 107, 865–871.
7. Cerdá, M., Wall, M., Keyes, K. M., Galea, S., & Hasin, D. (2012). Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: Investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 120, 22–27.
8. Degenhardt, L., Chiu, W. T., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., & Anthony, J. C. (2007). Epidemiological patterns of extra-medical drug use in the United States: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 2001–2003. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, 210–223.
9. de Leeuw, R. N., Engels, R. C., Vermulst, A. A., & Scholte, R. H. (2008). Do smoking attitudes predict behaviour? A longitudinal study on the bi-directional relations between adolescents’ smoking attitudes and behaviours. Addiction, 103, 1713–1721.
10. Ditton, J., Farrow, K., Forsyth, A., Hammersley, R., Hunter, G., Lavelle, T., et al. (1991). Scottish cocaine users: Wealthy snorters or delinquent smokers? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 28, 269–276.
11. Fuller, C. M., Borrell, L. N., Latkin, C. A., Galea, S., Ompad, D. C., Strathdee, S. A., et al. (2005). Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 689–695.
12. Gable, R. S. (2004). Comparison of acute lethal toxicity of commonly abused psychoactive substances. Addiction, 99, 686–696.
13. Gilmore, N., & Somerville, M. A. (1994). Stigmatization, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: Overcoming “them” and “us”. Social Science & Medicine, 39, 1339–1358.
14. Grinspoon, L. (1976). The speed culture: Amphetamine use and abuse in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
15. Golub, A., Johnson, B. D., & Dunlop, E. (2007). The race/ethnicity disparity in misdemeanor marijuana arrests in New York City. Criminology & Public Policy, 6, 131–164.
16. Gossop, M., Griffiths, P., Powis, B., & Strang, J. (1994). Cocaine: Patterns of use, route of administration, and severity of dependence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 660–664.
17. Grof, S. (2008). LSD psychotherapy. Sarasota: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).
18. Herman-Stahl, M. A., Krebs, C. P., Kroutil, L. A., & Heller, D. C. (2007). Risk and protective factors for methamphetamine use and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among young adults aged 18 to 25. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1003–1015.
19. Heeringa, S. G., West, B. T., & Berglund, P. A. (2010). Applied survey data analysis. London: Chapman and Hall.
20. Ilgen, M. A., Schulenberg, J., Kloska, D. D., Czyz, E., Johnston, L., & O’Malley, P. (2011). Prevalence and characteristics of substance abuse treatment utilization by US adolescents: National data from 1987 to 2008. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 1349–1352.
21. Jeckel, J. F., Katz, D. L., Elmore, J. G., & Wild, D. M. G. (2007). Epidemiology, biostatistics and preventive medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier.
22. Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012a). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2011: Volume I, secondary school students. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
23. Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J.G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012b). Demographic subgroup trends for various licit and illicit drugs, 1975–2011. Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper No. 77.
24. Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012c). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2011: Volume II, college students and adults ages 19–50. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
25. Kam, J. A., Matsunaga, M., Hecht, M. L., & Ndiaye, K. (2009). Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among youth of Mexican heritage. Prevention Science, 10, 41–53.
26. Kandel, D., & Yamaguchi, K. (1993). From beer to crack: Developmental patterns of drug involvement. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 851–855.
27. Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K. (1992). Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53, 447–457.
28. Keyes, K. M., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Bachman, J. G., Li, G., et al. (2011). The social norms of birth cohorts and adolescent marijuana use in the United States, 1976–2007. Addiction, 106, 1790–1800.
29. Keyes, K. M., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Bachman, J. G., Li, G., et al. (2012). Birth cohort effects on adolescent alcohol use: The influence of social norms from 1976 to 2007. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 1304–1313.
30. Kroutil, L. A., Van Brunt, D. L., Herman-Stahl, M. A., Heller, D. C., Bray, R. M., & Penne, M. A. (2006). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 84, 135–143.
31. Latkin, C., Davey-Rothwell, M., Yang, J. Y., & Crawford, N. (2012). The relationship between drug user stigma and depression among inner-city drug users in Baltimore, MD. Journal of Urban Health, 90, 147–156.
32. Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Vermulst, A. A., Monshouwer, K., Vollebergh, W. A., & Engels, R. C. (2012). The theory of planned behavior: Precursors of marijuana use in early adolescence? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123, 22–28.
33. Martins, S. S., Storr, C. L., Alexandre, P. K., & Chilcoat, H. D. (2008). Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 94, 63–72.
34. McCabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., & Boyd, C. J. (2004). The use, misuse and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students. Substance Use & Misuse, 39, 1095–1116.
35. McElrath, K., & McEvoy, K. (2001). Heroin as evil: Ecstasy users’ perceptions about heroin. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 8, 177–189.
36. Morgan, C. J., Muetzelfeldt, L., Muetzelfeldt, M., Nutt, D. J., & Curran, H. V. (2010). Harms associated with psychoactive substances: Findings of the UK National Drug Survey. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 24, 147–153.
37. Musto, D. F. (1999). The American disease: Origins of narcotic control. New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Nutt, D. J., King, L. A., Phillips, L. D., & Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs. (2010). Drug harms in the UK: A multicriteria decision analysis. Lancet, 376, 1558–1565.
39. Nutt, D., King, L. A., Saulsbury, W., & Blakemore, C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. Lancet, 369, 1047–1053.
40. Palamar, J. J. (2012). A pilot study examining perceived rejection and secrecy in relation to illicit drug use and associated stigma. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31, 573–579.
41. Palamar, J. J., Halkitis, P. N., & Kiang, M. V. (2013). Perceived public stigma and stigmatization in explaining lifetime illicit drug use among emerging adults. Addiction: Research and Theory. doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.762508.
42. Palamar, J. J., Kiang, M. V., & Halkitis, P. N. (2011). Development and psychometric evaluation of scales that assess stigma associated with illicit drug use. Substance Use & Misuse, 46, 1457–1467.
43. Palamar, J. J., Kiang, M. V., & Halkitis, P. N. (2012a). Predictors of stigmatization towards use of various illicit drugs among emerging adults. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44, 1–9.
44. Palamar, J. J., Kiang, M. V., & Halkitis, P. N. (2012b). Religiosity and exposure to users in explaining illicit drug use among emerging adults. Journal of Religion and Health, in press.
45. Percy, A., McAlister, S., Higgins, K., McCrystal, P., & Thornton, M. (2005). Response consistency in young adolescents’ drug use self-reports: a recanting rate analysis. Addiction, 100, 189–196.
46. Pew Research Center (2013). Majority now supports legalizing marijuana. Available at http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/4-4-13%20Marijuana%20Release.pdf.
47. Radcliffe, P., & Stevens, A. (2008). Are drug treatment services only for ‘thieving junkie scumbags’? Drug users and the management of stigmatised identities. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 1065–1073.
48. Ramtekkar, U. P., Striley, C. W., & Cottler, L. B. (2011). Contextual profiles of young adult ecstasy users: A multisite study. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 190–196.
49. Stephens, P. C., Sloboda, Z., Stephens, R. C., Teasdale, B., Grey, S. F., Hawthorne, R. D., et al. (2009). Universal school-based substance abuse prevention programs: Modeling targeted mediators and outcomes for adolescent cigarette, alcohol and marijuana use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 102, 19–29.
50. Wallace, J. M., Jr., Vaughn, M. G., Bachman, J. G., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and smoking among early adolescent girls in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 104, S42–S49.
51. Williams, L., & Parker, H. (2001). Alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine: Drugs of reasoned choice amongst young adult recreational drug users in England. International Journal of Drug Policy, 12, 397–413.
52. Wray-Lake, L., Maggs, J. L., Johnston, L. D., Bachman, J. G., O’Malley, P. M., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012). Associations between community attachments and adolescent substance use in nationally representative samples. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 325–331.