A unified convection scheme (UNICON). Part II: Simulation

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 71, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 3931-3973

  Park, Sungsu ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate models; Cloud parameterizations; Convective parameterization; Cumulus clouds; Diurnal effects; Madden Julian oscillation

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; NATURAL CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); TROPICS;

CLOUD PARAMETERIZATIONS; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; CUMULUS CLOUD; DIURNAL EFFECTS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; CLIMATE MODELING; CLOUD COVER; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CUMULUS; DIURNAL VARIATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); STRATOCUMULUS;

EID: 84907050617     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0234.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2003: The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147-1167, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2.
2. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:IOACCE>2.0.CO;2.
3. Bentamy, A., P. Queffeulou, Y. Quilfen, and K. Katsaros, 1999: Ocean surface wind fields estimated from satellite active and passive microwave instruments. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 2469-2486, doi:10.1109/36.789643.
4. Bretherton, C. S., and S. Park, 2009: A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 22, 3422-3448, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2556.1.
5. Chikira, M., and M. Sugiyama, 2013: Eastward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by Chikira-Sugiyama cumulus parameterization. Part I: Comparison with observation and reanalysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-034.1.
6. Hahn, C. J., and S. G. Warren, 1999: Extended edited synoptic cloud reports from ships and land stations over the globe, 1952-1996. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division Publ. 4913, ORNL/CDIAC-123, NDP-026C, 76 pp, doi:10.3334/CDIAC/cli.ndp026c.
7. Harrison, E., P. Minnis, B. Barkstrom, V. Ramanathan, R. Cess, and G. Gibson, 1990: Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 95 (D11), 18 687-18 703, doi:10.1029/JD095iD11p18687.
8. Hirons, L., P. Inness, F. Vitart, and P. Bechtold, 2013: Understanding advances in the simulation of intraseasonal variability in the ECMWF model. Part II: The application of process-based diagnostics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 1427-1444, doi:10.1002/qj.2059.
9. Holland, J. Z., and E. M. Rasmusson, 1973: Measurements of the atmospheric mass, energy, and momentum budgets over a 500-kilometer square of tropical ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 44-55, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0044:MOTAME>2.3.CO;2.
10. Huffman, G., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.
11. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2784:AODEPM>2.0.CO;2.
12. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
13. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall, 2003: Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607-625, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2.
14. Kim, D., and Coauthors, 2009: Application of MJO simulation diagnostics to climate models. J. Climate, 22, 6413-6436, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3063.1.
15. Kinne, S., and Coauthors, 2006: An AeroCom initial assessment-Optical properties in aerosol componentmodules of globalmodels. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1815-1834, doi:10.5194/acp-6-1815-2006.
16. Liebmann, B., 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
17. Loeb, N.G., B.A.Wielicki, D.R.Doelling, G. L. Smith, D. F. Keyes, S. Kato, N.Manalo-Smith, and T.Wong, 2009: Toward optimal closure of the earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. J. Climate, 22, 748-766, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2637.1.
18. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0702:DOADOI>2.0.CO;2.
19. Neale, R. B., J. H. Richter, and M. Jochum, 2008: The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events. J. Climate, 21, 5904-5924, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2244.1.
20. Neggers, R., H. Jonker, and A. Siebesma, 2003: Size statistics of cumulus cloud populations in large-eddy simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1060-1074, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1060:SSOCCP>2.0.CO;2.
21. O'Dell, C. W., F. J. Wentz, and R. Bennartz, 2008: Cloud liquid water path from satellite-based passive microwave observations:Anew climatology over the global oceans. J. Climate, 21, 1721-1739, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1958.1.
22. Onogi, K., and Coauthors, 2007: The JRA-25 Reanalysis. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 369-432.
23. Park, S., 2014: A unified convection scheme (UNICON). Part I:Formulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 3902-3930, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0233.1.
24. Park, S., and C. B. Leovy, 2004: Marine low-cloud anomalies associated with ENSO. J. Climate, 17, 3448-3469, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3448:MLAAWE>2.0.CO;2.
25. Park, S., and C. S. Bretherton, 2009: The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 22, 3449-3469, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2557.1.
26. Park, S., C. B. Leovy, and M. A. Rozendaal, 2004: A new heuristic Lagrangian marine boundary layer cloud model. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 3002-3024, doi:10.1175/JAS-3344.1.
27. Park, S., C. Deser, and M. A. Alexander, 2005: Estimation of the surface heat flux response to sea surface temperature anomalies over the global oceans. J. Climate, 18, 4582-4599, doi:10.1175/JCLI3521.1.
28. Park, S., M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 2006: The impact of cloud radiative feedback, remote ENSO forcing, and entrainment on the persistence of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 19, 6243-6261, doi:10.1175/JCLI3957.1.
29. Park, S., C. Bretherton, and P. Rasch, 2014: Integrating cloud processes in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5. J. Climate, 27, 6821-6856, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00087.1.
30. Plank, V. G., 1969: The size distribution of cumulus clouds in representative Florida populations. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 46-67, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0046:TSDOCC>2.0.CO;2.
31. Prabha, T. V., A. Khain, R. Maheshkumar, G. Pandithurai, J. Kulkarni, M. Konwar, and B. Goswami, 2011: Microphysics of premonsoon and monsoon clouds as seen from in situ measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX). J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1882-1901, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3707.1.
32. Randel, D. L., T. J. Greenwald, T. H. Vonder Haar, G. L. Stephens, M. A. Ringerud, and C. L. Combs, 1996: A new global water vapor dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1233-1246, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<1233:ANGWVD>2.0.CO;2.
33. Richter, J., and P. Rasch, 2008: Effects of convective momentum transport on the atmospheric circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3. J. Climate, 21, 1487-1499, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1789.1.
34. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<0002:ICDP>2.0.CO;2.
35. Sandu, I., and B. Stevens, 2011: On the factors modulating the stratocumulus to cumulus transitions. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1865-1881, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3614.1.
36. Siebesma, A., and Coauthors, 2003: A large eddy simulation intercomparison study of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1201-1219, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1201:ALESIS>2.0.CO;2.
37. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, D. Dee, and S. Kobayashi, 2007: ERAInterim:New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 110, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 25-35.
38. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The CloudSat mission and the A-train: A new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790, doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-12-1771.
39. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2012: An update on Earth's energy balance in light of the latest global observations. Nat. Geosci., 5, 691-696, doi:10.1038/ngeo1580.
40. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2005: Evaluation of large-eddy simulations via observations of nocturnal marine stratocumulus. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1443-1462, doi:10.1175/MWR2930.1.
41. Stokes, G. M., and S. E. Schwartz, 1994: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1201-1221, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1201:TARMPP>2.0.CO;2.
42. Taylor, K. E., 2001: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D7), 7183-7192, doi:10.1029/2000JD900719.
43. Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2.
44. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
45. Willmott, C. J., and K. Matsuura, 1995: Smart interpolation of annually averaged air temperature in the United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2577-2586, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2577:SIOAAA>2.0.CO;2.
46. Xiao, H., and Coauthors, 2014: Diagnosis of the marine low cloud simulation in the NCAR community earth system model (CESM) and the NCEP global forecast system (GFS)-modular ocean model v4 (MOM4) coupled model. Climate Dyn., 43, 737-752, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2067-y.
47. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0840:AOGMPU>2.0.CO;2.
48. Zhang, G., and N. McFarlane, 1995: Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 407-407, doi:10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539.
49. Zhang, M., J. Lin, R. Cederwall, J. Yio, and S. Xie, 2001: Objective analysis ofARMIOP data: Method and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 295-311, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0295:OAOAID>2.0.CO;2.