Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the early detection of infection after elective colorectal surgery - a pilot study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Silvestre, Joana ^a,b   Rebanda, Jorge ^a   Lourenҫo, Carlos ^a   Póvoa, Pedro ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL DE SÃO FRANCISCO XAVIER   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; C reactive protein; Colorectal surgery; Procalcitonin; Surgical infections

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; PROCALCITONIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CALCITONIN; PROTEIN PRECURSOR;

AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COLORECTAL SURGERY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE MARKER; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTIVE SURGERY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PILOT STUDY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREDICTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURGICAL INFECTION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADULT; ANASTOMOSIS; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; MIDDLE AGED; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; REPRODUCIBILITY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; ANASTOMOSIS, SURGICAL; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALCITONIN; COLORECTAL SURGERY; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; ELECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PILOT PROJECTS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84906827755     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-444     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Nakamura T, Mitomi H, Ihara A, Onozato W, Sato T, Ozawa H, Hatade K, Watanabe M. Risk factors for wound infection after surgery for colorectal cancer. World J Surg 2008, 32(6):1138-1141.
2. Rovera F, Dionigi G, Boni L, Piscopo C, Masciocchi P, Alberio MG, Carcano G, Diurni M, Dionigi R. Infectious complications in colorectal surgery. Surg Oncol 2007, 16(Suppl 1):S121-S124.
3. Alves A, Panis Y, Trancart D, Regimbeau JM, Pocard M, Valleur P. Factors associated with clinically significant anastomotic leakage after large bowel resection: multivariate analysis of 707 patients. World J Surg 2002, 26(4):499-502.
4. Buchs NC, Gervaz P, Secic M, Bucher P, Mugnier-Konrad B, Morel P. Incidence, consequences, and risk factors for anastomotic dehiscence after colorectal surgery: a prospective monocentric study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008, 23(3):265-270.
5. Makela JT, Kiviniemi H, Laitinen S. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after left-sided colorectal resection with rectal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum 2003, 46(5):653-660.
6. Veyrie N, Ata T, Muscari F, Couchard AC, Msika S, Hay JM, Fingerhut A, Dziri C. Anastomotic leakage after elective right versus left colectomy for cancer: prevalence and independent risk factors. J Am Coll Surg 2007, 205(6):785-793.
7. Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, Suppes R, Feinstein D, Zanotti S, Taiberg L, Gurka D, Kumar A, Cheang M. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006, 34(6):1589-1596.
8. MacKay GJ, Molloy RG, O'Dwyer PJ. C-reactive protein as a predictor of postoperative infective complications following elective colorectal resection. Colorectal Dis 13(5):583-587.
9. Fujii T, Tabe Y, Yajima R, Tsutsumi S, Asao T, Kuwano H. Relationship between C-reactive protein levels and wound infections in elective colorectal surgery: C-reactive protein as a predictor for incisional SSI. Hepatogastroenterology 2011, 58(107-108):752-755.
10. Korner H, Nielsen HJ, Soreide JA, Nedrebo BS, Soreide K, Knapp JC. Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for intraabdominal infections after colorectal resections. J Gastrointest Surg 2009, 13(9):1599-1606.
11. Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, Saint-Louis P, Lacroix J. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39(2):206-217.
12. Matthiessen P, Henriksson M, Hallbook O, Grunditz E, Noren B, Arbman G. Increase of serum C-reactive protein is an early indicator of subsequent symptomatic anastomotic leakage after anterior resection. Colorectal Dis 2008, 10(1):75-80.
13. Deitmar S, Anthoni C, Palmes D, Haier J, Senninger N, Bruwer M. [Are leukocytes and CRP early indicators for anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection?]. Zentralbl Chir 2009, 134(1):83-89.
14. Welsch T, Frommhold K, Hinz U, Weigand MA, Kleeff J, Friess H, Buchler MW, Schmidt J. Persisting elevation of C-reactive protein after pancreatic resections can indicate developing inflammatory complications. Surgery 2008, 143(1):20-28.
15. Welsch T, Muller SA, Ulrich A, Kischlat A, Hinz U, Kienle P, Buchler MW, Schmidt J, Schmied BM. C-reactive protein as early predictor for infectious postoperative complications in rectal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007, 22(12):1499-1507.
16. Reith HB, Mittelkotter U, Debus ES, Kussner C, Thiede A. Procalcitonin in early detection of postoperative complications. Dig Surg 1998, 15(3):260-265.
17. Pierrakos C, Vincent JL. Sepsis biomarkers: a review. Crit Care 2010, 14(1):R15.
18. Povoa P. C-reactive protein: a valuable marker of sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2002, 28(3):235-243.
19. Ranzani OT, Prada LF, Zampieri FG, Battaini LC, Pinaffi JV, Setogute YC, Salluh JI, Povoa P, Forte DN, Azevedo LC, Park M. Failure to reduce C-reactive protein levels more than 25% in the last 24 hours before intensive care unit discharge predicts higher in-hospital mortality: a cohort study. J Crit Care 2013, 27(5):525. e529-515.
20. Povoa P, Coelho L, Almeida E, Fernandes A, Mealha R, Moreira P, Sabino H. C-reactive protein as a marker of ventilator-associated pneumonia resolution: a pilot study. Eur Respir J 2005, 25(5):804-812.
21. Oberhofer D, Juras J, Pavicic AM, Rancic Zuric I, Rumenjak V. Comparison of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin as predictors of postoperative infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery. Croat Med J 2012, 53(6):612-619.
22. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control 1999, 27(2):97-132. quiz 133-134; discussion 196.
23. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, Lipsett PA, Masur H, Mermel LA, Pearson ML, Raad II, Randolph AG, Rupp ME, Saint S, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (Appendix 1) Summary of recommendations: Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 52(9):1087-1099. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (Appendix 1).
24. Niederman MS, Craven DE. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 171(4):388-416.
25. Gould CV, Umscheid CA, Agarwal RK, Kuntz G, Pegues DA. Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2009. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010, 31(4):319-326.
26. Perneger TV. What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ 1998, 316(7139):1236-1238.
27. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology 1982, 143(1):29-36.
28. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 1988, 44(3):837-845.
29. Novotny A, Emmanuel K, Bartels H, Siewert JR, Holzmann B. [Indicators for early prediction of outcome in sepsis]. Chirurg 2005, 76(9):837-844.
30. Reinhart K, Bayer O, Brunkhorst F, Meisner M. Markers of endothelial damage in organ dysfunction and sepsis. Crit Care Med 2002, 30(5 Suppl):S302-S312.
31. Branagan G, Finnis D. Prognosis after anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2005, 48(5):1021-1026.
32. Velasco E, Thuler LC, Martins CA, Dias LM, Conalves VM. Risk factors for infectious complications after abdominal surgery for malignant disease. Am J Infect Control 1996, 24(1):1-6.
33. Karanicolas PJ, Dubois L, Colquhoun PH, Swallow CJ, Walter SD, Guyatt GH. The more the better?: the impact of surgeon and hospital volume on in-hospital mortality following colorectal resection. Ann Surg 2009, 249(6):954-959.
34. Richards CH, Leitch FE, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. A systematic review of POSSUM and its related models as predictors of post-operative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2010, 14(10):1511-1520.
35. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, McLean AP. Prognosis in generalized peritonitis. Relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg 1983, 118(3):285-290.
36. Evans HL, Raymond DP, Pelletier SJ, Crabtree TD, Pruett TL, Sawyer RG. Diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection in the critically ill patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2001, 7(2):117-121.
37. Chung YC, Chang YF. Serum C-reactive protein correlates with survival in colorectal cancer patients but is not an independent prognostic indicator. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003, 15(4):369-373.
38. Kragsbjerg P, Holmberg H, Vikerfors T. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein in patients undergoing major operations. Eur J Surg 1995, 161(1):17-22.
39. Castelli GP, Pognani C, Cita M, Stuani A, Sgarbi L, Paladini R. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, white blood cells and SOFA score in ICU: diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. Minerva Anestesiol 2006, 72(1-2):69-80.
40. Meyer ZC, Schreinemakers JM, Mulder PG, Schrauwen L, de Waal RA, Ermens AA, van der Laan L. Procalcitonin in the recognition of complications in critically ill surgical patients. J Surg Res 2014, 187(2):553-558.
41. Preas HL, Nylen ES, Snider RH, Becker KL, White JC, Agosti JM, Suffredini AF. Effects of anti-inflammatory agents on serum levels of calcitonin precursors during human experimental endotoxemia. J Infect Dis 2001, 184(3):373-376.
42. Lindberg M, Hole A, Johnsen H, Asberg A, Rydning A, Myrvold HE, Bjerve KS. Reference intervals for procalcitonin and C-reactive protein after major abdominal surgery. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2002, 62(3):189-194.
43. Meisner M, Tschaikowsky K, Hutzler A, Schick C, Schuttler J. Postoperative plasma concentrations of procalcitonin after different types of surgery. Intensive Care Med 1998, 24(7):680-684.
44. Woeste G, Muller C, Bechstein WO, Wullstein C. Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein precede anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. World J Surg 2010, 34(1):140-146.
45. Cruickshank AM, Hansell DT, Burns HJ, Shenkin A. Effect of nutritional status on acute phase protein response to elective surgery. Br J Surg 1989, 76(2):165-168.
46. Warschkow R, Tarantino I, Torzewski M, Naf F, Lange J, Steffen T. Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and white blood cell counts in the early detection of inflammatory complications after open resection of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study of 1,187 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2011, 26(11):1405-1413.
47. Takakura Y, Hinoi T, Egi H, Shimomura M, Adachi T, Saito Y, Tanimine N, Miguchi M, Ohdan H. Procalcitonin as a predictive marker for surgical site infection in elective colorectal cancer surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2013, 398(6):833-839.
48. Novotny AR, Emmanuel K, Hueser N, Knebel C, Kriner M, Ulm K, Bartels H, Siewert JR, Holzmann B. Procalcitonin ratio indicates successful surgical treatment of abdominal sepsis. Surgery 2009, 145(1):20-26.
49. Lagoutte N, Facy O, Ravoire A, Chalumeau C, Jonval L, Rat P, Ortega-Deballon P. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin for the early detection of anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery: pilot study in 100 patients. J Visc Surg 2012, 149(5):e345-e349.
50. Garcia-Granero A, Frasson M, Flor-Lorente B, Blanco F, Puga R, Carratala A, Garcia-Granero E. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early predictors of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: a prospective observational study. Dis Colon Rectum 2013, 56(4):475-483.
51. Anielski R, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Szafraniec K. An evaluation of the utility of additional tests in the preoperative diagnostics of acute appendicitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2010, 395(8):1061-1068.
52. Markogiannakis H, Memos N, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, Larentzakis A, Papanikolaou D, Zografos GC, Manouras A. Predictive value of procalcitonin for bowel ischemia and necrosis in bowel obstruction. Surgery 2011, 149(3):394-403.
53. Gurda-Duda A, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Nowak W, Naskalski JW, Kulig J. Assessment of the prognostic value of certain acute-phase proteins and procalcitonin in the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008, 37(4):449-453.
54. Mofidi R, Suttie SA, Patil PV, Ogston S, Parks RW. The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: systematic review. Surgery 2009, 146(1):72-81.
55. Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, Raymond J, Guilbaud J, Bohuon C. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet 1993, 341(8844):515-518.
56. O'Connor E, Venkatesh B, Lipman J, Mashongonyika C, Hall J. Procalcitonin in critical illness. Crit Care Resusc 2001, 3(4):236-243.
57. Komen N, Slieker J, Willemsen P, Mannaerts G, Pattyn P, Karsten T, de Wilt H, van der Harst E, de Rijke YB, Murawska M, Jeekel J, Lange JF, The APPEAL Study Group Acute phase proteins in drain fluid: a new screening tool for colorectal anastomotic leakage? The APPEAL study: analysis of parameters predictive for evident anastomotic leakage. Am J Surg 2014, 208(3):317-323. The APPEAL Study Group.