Polymer encapsulation of flexible top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with improved light extraction by integrating a microstructure

Organic Electronics

Volumn 15, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2661-2666

  Liu, Yue Feng ^a   Feng, Jing ^a   Zhang, Yi Fan ^a   Cui, Hai Feng ^a   Yin, Da ^a   Bi, Yan Gang ^a   Song, Jun Feng ^a   Chen, Qi Dai ^a   Sun, Hong Bo ^a  

^a JILIN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Flexible; Microstructure; Photopolymer encapsulation film; Top emitting organic light emitting devices

Indexed keywords

CURRENT DENSITY; ENCAPSULATION; LIGHT EMISSION; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; REFRACTIVE INDEX;

FLEXIBLE; HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES; LIGHT EXTRACTION; MICRO-STRUCTURED SURFACES; POLYMER ENCAPSULATION; POLYMER SURFACES; TOP-EMITTING ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; TOTAL REFLECTION;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 84906670910     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.07.023     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. G. Gustafsson, Y. Cao, G.M. Treacy, F. Klavetter, N. Colaneri, and A.J. Heeger Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers Nature 357 1992 477 479 (Pubitemid 23571387)
2. S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lussem, and K. Leo White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency Nature 459 2009 234 238
3. G. Xie, Z. Zhang, Q. Xue, S. Zhang, L. Zhao, Y. Luo, P. Chen, B. Quan, Y. Zhao, and S. Liu Highly efficient top-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes with improved contrast and reduced angular dependence for active matrix displays Org. Electron. 11 2010 2055 2059
4. S. Kim, H.J. Kwon, S. Lee, H. Shim, Y. Chun, W. Choi, J. Kwack, D. Han, M. Song, S. Kim, S. Mohammadi, I. Kee, and S.Y. Lee Low-power flexible organic light-emitting diode display device Adv. Mater. 23 2011 3511 3516
5. C. Xiang, W. Koo, F. So, H. Sasabe, and J. Kido A systematic study on efficiency enhancements in phosphorescent green, red and blue microcavity organic light emitting devices Light Sci. Appl. 2 2013 e74
6. 4 as an anodic buffer layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 2009 223306
7. Y. Jin, J. Feng, X.-L. Zhang, Y.-G. Bi, Y. Bai, L. Chen, T. Lan, Y.-F. Liu, Q.-D. Chen, and H.-B. Sun Solving efficiency-stability tradeoff in top-emitting organic light-emitting devices by employing periodically corrugated metallic cathode Adv. Mater. 24 2012 1187 1191
8. P. Freitag, S. Reineke, S. Olthof, M. Furno, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with forward directed emission and high color quality Org. Electron. 11 2010 1676 1682
9. Y.-H. Deng, Y.-Q. Li, Q.-D. Ou, Q.-K. Wang, F.-Z. Sun, X.-Y. Chen, and J.-X. Tang The doping effect of cesium-based compounds on carrier transport and operational stability in organic light-emitting diodes Org. Electron. 15 2014 1215 1221
10. S. Chen, L. Deng, J. Xie, L. Peng, L. Xie, Q. Fan, and W. Huang Recent developments in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes Adv. Mater. 22 2010 5227 5239
11. A.B. Chwang, M.A. Rothman, S.Y. Mao, R.H. Hewitt, M.S. Weaver, J.A. Silvernail, K. Rajan, M. Hack, J.J. Brown, X. Chu, L. Moro, T. Krajewski, and N. Rutherford Thin film encapsulated flexible organic electroluminescent displays Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2003 413 415
12. A.N. Krasnov High-contrast organic light-emitting diodes on flexible substrates Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2002 3853 3855
13. Y.F. Liu, J. Feng, D. Yin, Y.G. Bi, J.F. Song, Q.D. Chen, and H.B. Sun Highly flexible and efficient top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with ultrasmooth Ag anode Opt. Lett. 37 2012 1796 1798
14. J. Granstrom, J.S. Swensen, J.S. Moon, G. Rowell, J. Yuen, and A.J. Heeger Encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices using a perfluorinated polymer Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 2008 193304
15. S.-H.K. Park, J. Oh, C.-S. Hwang, J.-I. Lee, Y.S. Yang, and H.Y. Chu Ultrathin film encapsulation of an OLED by ALD Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 8 2005 H21 H23
16. J.M. Han, J.W. Han, J.Y. Chun, C.H. Ok, and D.S. Seo Novel encapsulation method for flexible organic light-emitting diodes using poly(dimethylsiloxane) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 2008 8986 8988
17. x stacks on flexible polymer substrates J. Electrochem. Soc. 153 2006 F244 F248
18. F.L. Wong, M.K. Fung, S.L. Tao, S.L. Lai, W.M. Tsang, K.H. Kong, W.M. Choy, C.S. Lee, and S.T. Lee Long-lifetime thin-film encapsulated organic light-emitting diodes J. Appl. Phys 104 2008 014509
19. 2 nanolaminate structure for thin-film encapsulation of OLEDs Org. Electron. 13 2012 2436 2441
20. Y. Li, F. Li, J. Zhang, C. Wang, S. Zhu, H. Yu, Z. Wang, and B. Yang Improved light extraction efficiency of white organic light-emitting devices by biomimetic antireflective surfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 2010 153305
21. C.F. Madigan, M.-H. Lu, and J.C. Sturm Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2000 1650 1652
22. S. Moller, and S.R. Forrest Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays J. Appl. Phys. 91 2002 3324 3327
23. J.J. Shiang, and A.R. Duggal Application of radiative transport theory to light extraction from organic light emitting diodes J. Appl. Phys. 95 2004 2880 2888
24. G. Lozano, D.J. Louwers, S.R.K. Rodriguez, S. Murai, O.T.A. Jansen, M.A. Verschuuren, and J. Gomez Rivas Plasmonics for solid-state lighting: enhanced excitation and directional emission of highly efficient light sources Light Sci. Appl. 2 2013 e66
25. D. Wu, Y.-B. Zhao, S.-Z. Wu, Y.-F. Liu, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Feng, Q.-D. Chen, D.-G. Ma, and H.-B. Sun Simultaneous efficiency enhancement and self-cleaning effect of white organic light-emitting devices by flexible antireflective films Opt. Lett. 36 2011 2635 2637
26. C.-C. Liu, S.-H. Liu, K.-C. Tien, M.-H. Hsu, H.-W. Chang, C.-K. Chang, C.-J. Yang, and C.-C. Wu Microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting devices integrated with diffusers for simultaneous enhancement of efficiencies and viewing characteristics Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 2009 103302
27. C.-J. Yang, S.-H. Liu, H.-H. Hsieh, C.-C. Liu, T.-Y. Cho, and C.-C. Wu Microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting devices integrated with microlens arrays: Simultaneous enhancement of quantum efficiency, cd/A efficiency, color performances, and image resolution Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 2007 253508
28. V. Malyarchuk, F. Hua, N. Mack, V. Velasquez, J. White, R. Nuzzo, and J. Rogers High performance plasmonic crystal sensor formed by soft nanoimprint lithography Opt. Exp. 13 2005 5669 5675 (Pubitemid 41121833)
29. J. McPhillips, C. McClatchey, T. Kelly, A. Murphy, M.P. Jonsson, G.A. Wurtz, R.J. Winfield, and R.J. Pollard Plasmonic sensing using nanodome arrays fabricated by soft nanoimprint lithography J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 15234 15239
30. J.Y. Park, N.R. Hendricks, and K.R. Carter Solvent-assisted soft nanoimprint lithography for structured bilayer heterojunction organic solar cells Langmuir 27 2011 11251 11258
31. Y.-F. Liu, J. Feng, H.-F. Cui, D. Yin, J.-F. Song, Q.-D. Chen, and H.-B. Sun Highly flexible inverted organic solar cells with improved performance by using an ultrasmooth Ag cathode Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 2012 133303
32. N.C. Lindquist, T.W. Johnson, D.J. Norris, and S.-H. Oh Monolithic integration of continuously tunable plasmonic nanostructures Nano Lett. 11 2011 3526 3530
33. Y.-F. Liu, J. Feng, H.-F. Cui, Y.-F. Zhang, D. Yin, Y.-G. Bi, J.-F. Song, Q.-D. Chen, and H.-B. Sun Fabrication and characterization of Ag film with sub-nanometer surface roughness as a flexible cathode for inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting devices Nanoscale 5 2013 10811 10815
34. P. Nagpal, N.C. Lindquist, S.-H. Oh, and D.J. Norris Ultrasmooth patterned metals for plasmonics and metamaterials Science 325 2009 594 597
35. M. Hegner, P. Wagner, and G. Semenza Ultralarge atomically flat template-stripped Au surfaces for scanning probe microscopy Surf. Sci. 291 1993 39 46
36. Y. Li, J. Zhang, and B. Yang Antireflective surfaces based on biomimetic nanopillared arrays Nano Today 5 2010 117 127
37. W.H. Southwell Pyramid-array surface-relief structures producing antireflection index matching on optical surfaces J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8 1991 549 553
38. S.J. Wilson, and M.C. Hutley The optical properties of 'Moth Eye' antireflection surfaces Opt. Acta: Inter. J. Opt. 29 1982 993 1009
39. M. Furno, R. Meerheim, M. Thomschke, S. Hofmann, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo Outcoupling efficiency in small-molecule OLEDs: from theory to experiment Proc. SPIE 7617 2010 761716